Prevalence and Usage of Printed and Electronic Drug References and Patient Medication Records in Community Pharmacies in Malaysia

This study aimed to determine the availability and usage of printed and electronic references and Patient Medication Record in community pharmacy. It was conducted for over 3 months from 15 January to 30 April 2007. Ninety-three pharmacies participated. Structured questionnaires were mailed to community pharmacies. Six weeks later a reminder was sent to all non responders, who were given another six weeks to return the completed questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test of independence. Almost all the pharmacies (96.8%) have at least Monthly Index of Medical Specialties (MIMS) while 78.5% have at least MIMS ANNUAL in their stores. Only about a third (31.2%) of the pharmacies were equipped with online facilities of which the majority referred to medical websites (88.9%) with only a minority (11.1%) referring to electronic journals. More than half (59.1%) of the pharmacists kept Patient Medication Record profiles with 49.1% storing it in paper, 41.8% electronically and 9.1% in both printed and electronic versions. In general, prevalence and usage of electronic references in community pharmacies were rather low. Efforts should be increased to encourage wider usage of electronic references and Patient Medication Records in community pharmacies to facilitate pharmaceutical care.

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Pregnant women readiness to use the Internet to access health information about pregnancy and childbirth: A cross-sectional study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16358 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Ahmadian ◽

Reza Khajouei ◽

Sudabeh Kamali ◽

Moghaddameh Mirzaee ◽

Arefeh Ameri

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Information ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

T Test ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

The Internet ◽

Chi Square ◽

Readiness Assessment ◽

Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽

Chi Square Test

BACKGROUND Today, the Internet may be a promising tool for interventions for pregnant women. However, these kinds of tools are only helpful if users are ready to use them. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted with the aim of readiness assessment of pregnant women to use the Internet to access health information about pregnancy and childbirth. METHODS This study was carried out on a sample of 384 pregnant women. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The first section of this questionnaire collected demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire contains 27 questions covering the following components: infrastructure readiness (6 questions); affordability readiness (3 questions); and skill readiness (12 questions). Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and T-test. RESULTS This study was carried out on a sample of 384 pregnant women. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The first section of this questionnaire collected demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire contains 27 questions covering the following components: infrastructure readiness (6 questions); affordability readiness (3 questions); and skill readiness (12 questions). Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and T-test. CONCLUSIONS The use of the Internet by pregnant women depends on factors such as infrastructure, affordability, and skills readiness. This study showed that speed and the quality of the Internet, hardware and software availability, affordability of the Internet, and access to the Internet training were factors in measuring E-health readiness assessment. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

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Relationship of Workload and Double Role With Work Fatigue on Batik Craftsmen

Jurnal Endurance ◽

10.22216/jen.v4i2.4013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

Herdianti Herdianti ◽

Tatik Maryana

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Work Load ◽

Dual Role ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Almost All

Background: In Batik Mawar, almost all work is done manually using the hands and upper arms on a continuous basis combined with the rigor of work and the use of traditional tools. The work has a heavy workload because all the work process is done by the same craftsman causing fatigue besides that the worker also have double role. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between workload and dual role with feelings of fatigue on craftsmen batik roses.Method: This research is Quantitative research with Cross Sectional research design. The population in this study are all artisans in Batik Mawar. Sampling in this study using total sampling technique with the number of research samples as many as 40 respondents. Data analysis used by Univariat and Bivariat.Result: Result of data analysis using Chi-Square test for work load got value p-Value = 0,001. The result of data analysis using Chi-square test for double role got p-value = 0,031. Thus it is concluded that there is a meaningful relationship between workload and dual role with feeling tired. We recommend that craftsmen wash clothes 2 times a day, cook ready meals, other than together in completing the work at home Di Batik Mawar, hampir semua pekerjaan dikerjakan secara manual menggunakan tangan dan lengan atas secara berkesinambungan yang dikombinasi dengan ketelitian kerja dan penggunaan alat-alat tradisional. Pekerjaan mempunyai beban kerja yang berat dikarenakan semua proses kerja dilakukan oleh pengrajin yang sama sehingga menimbulkan kelelahan disamping itu pekerjanya juga memiliki peran ganda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan beban kerja dan peran ganda dengan perasaan lelah pada pengrajin batik mawar.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pengrajin di Batik Mawar. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 40 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan Univariat dan Bivariat.Hasil: Hasil analisis data yang menggunakan uji Chi-Square untuk beban kerja didapatkan nilai p-Value = 0,001. Hasil analisis data yang menggunakan uji Chi-square untuk peran ganda didapatkan nilai p-value= 0,031. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara beban kerja dan peran ganda dengan perasaan lelah.Sebaiknya pengrajin mencuci pakaian 2 kali sehari, memasak makanan siap saji, selain itu dengan cara bersama-sama dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan dirumah.

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Dentists’ knowledge of fluoride cariostatic mechanisms

Nowa Stomatologia ◽

10.25121/ns.2018.23.3.102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Urszula Kaczmarek ◽

Wojciech Kowalczyk ◽

Dariusz Gozdowski ◽

Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk

Keyword(s):

Rank Correlation ◽

Bone Fragility ◽

Caries Prevention ◽

Water Fluoridation ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significance Level ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Almost All

Introduction. The use of age- and risk-adjusted caries prevention requires up-to-date knowledge on the cariostatic effects of fluoride, as well as the methods and safety of fluoride prophylaxis. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess dentists’ knowledge of the safety and mechanism of anticaries effects of fluoride. Material and methods. An anonymous questionnaire was conducted among 212 dentists participating in dental training. The questions included in the questionnaire related to knowledge about water fluoridation, fluoride cariostatic mechanisms and the safety of fluoride prophylaxis. The chi-square test and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. A significance level of 0.05 was used. Results. Incorrect knowledge about water fluoridation was demonstrated by 26.9% of respondents in the country and 16.0% of respondents in Europe. Most respondents (80.7%) reported higher efficacy of exogenous vs endogenous anticaries approaches, and more than half of respondents (59.0%) considered the processes of remineralisation and demineralisation as the most important anticaries activity. Almost all respondents (95.7%) agreed that the use of fluoride for caries prevention is controversial, mainly due to its dose-dependent therapeutic or toxic effects (85.4%). According to about 20% of respondents, cariostatic fluoride doses have adverse effects on the general health, mainly in the form of bone fragility (10.4%). Conclusions. Lack of correct knowledge about the dominant cariostatic effects of fluoride may result in the choice of an inappropriate preventive method or avoiding local application of fluoride preparations for fear of adverse systemic effects, which may in turn lead to increased caries prevalence in a given population.

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Hubungan Ketuban Pecah dengan Kejadian Asfiksia Neonatorum di RSUD Kabupaten Kediri Tahun 2016

Jurnal Kebidanan Midwiferia ◽

10.21070/mid.v3i2.1467 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Yanu Yufita Lestariningsih

Keyword(s):

Public Hospital ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Fetal Membrane ◽

P Value ◽

Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽

Premature Rupture ◽

Chi Square ◽

Asphyxia Neonatorum ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Almost All

Premature rupture of membranerevolves 5-10% from all birth. Impact a birth premature that espoused broken fetal membrane early causess 12-15% asphyxia neonatorum. The purpose of the study to determine the correlation between premature rupture of membrane with the incidence of asphyxia neonatorum. The research method used is analytic with retrospective cohort approach with independent variable of premature rupture of membrane, dependent variable asphyxia neonatorum. The study was conducted on 7 June to 12 July 2017. The population of 1519 mothers inregional public hospital of Kediri regency 2016. Sample 139 respondents, taken by simple random sampling, was analyzed by Chi Square test with a significant of 0.05. Result of research most of respondent with rupture of membrane counted 46 respondents, almost all respondents that is 82.6% gave birth baby with asphyxia. From result of Chi Square test obtained by result of p-value equal to 0.000 (<0.05), result of coefficient of contingency (C) equal to 0.639 with closeness strong relation, so H1 received H0 rejected which means there is significant relation with closeness strong between premature rupture of membrane with asphyxia neonatorum inregional public hospital of Kediri regency 2016. Relative Risk (RR) 1.65 which means the possibility of a baby experiencing asphyxia neonatorum of 1.65 times in maternal who experience premature rupture of membranes compared to mothers who did not experience premature rupture of membranes.

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AGRICULTURAL RISK AND ITS PERCEPTION AMONG PROTEIN PLANT FARMERS

Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.2859 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XXI (3) ◽

pp. 459-469

Author(s):

Magdalena Śmiglak-Krajewska

Keyword(s):

Market Risk ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Risk And Uncertainty ◽

Agricultural Risk ◽

Chi Square ◽

Production Risk ◽

Average Rating ◽

Contingency Coefficient ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Perceive Risk

As farmers are exposed to risk and uncertainty, they are unable to make optimal choices. The main purpose of this paper was to present how farmers perceive risk in agriculture.To meet the objective defined above, this paper relied on the results of a 2018 survey conducted with a sample of 137 legume farms across the country. The information was analyzed and described with the use of descriptive statistics methods. Also, the correlation between selected characteristics was assessed with the Pearson’s contingency coefficient (C) based on the chi-square test of independence. Most interviewees (71%) perceive the effects of risk as the possible emergence of losses or profits, while 29% associate risks with losses only. None of the interviewees declared the perception of risks purely as an opportunity to reap benefits. The respondents believe that agricultural businesses should be most wary of production risk (an average rating of 11.6) and market risk (8.1 to 9.0).

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Vulnerabilidade social e a cárie dentária na primeira infância

Archives of Health ◽

10.46919/archv2n6-006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 1550-1562

Author(s):

Amanda Albuquerque Diniz ◽

Isabelle Monteiro Da Silva Lima ◽

Karyne Barreto Gonçalves Marques ◽

Luiz Carlos Costa Madeira Alves ◽

Ingrid Cordeiro Monte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Social Vulnerability ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

Chi Square Test

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da cárie em crianças na primeira infância sob vulnerabilidade social. Métodos: Pesquisa do tipo transversal realizada no Instituto da Primeira Infância - Iprede, com crianças sob vulnerabilidade social em Fortaleza, Ceará. A coleta de dados foi realizada, em dezembro de 2018 a abril de 2019, com 363 crianças aleatoriamente, por meio de exame bucal e questionário. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e do teste qui-quadrado para variáveis categóricas. Resultados: Observou-se uma prevalência de cárie de 35,6%, e que de 1 a 4 lesões representavam a maior porcentagem (23,7%). Elevado percentual de crianças nunca foi ao dentista (81,3%); semelhante percentual nunca sentiu dor de dente (82,3%). Conclusão: Apesar da vulnerabilidade social, a prevalência de cárie foi baixa, e sugere-se realização de ações para minimizar os efeitos da doença na qualidade de vida e desenvolvimento infantil. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of caries in children in early childhood under social vulnerability. Methods: Cross-sectional research conducted at the Instituto da Primeira Infância - Iprede, with children under social vulnerability in Fortaleza, Ceará. Data collection was carried out, from December 2018 to April 2019, with 363 children randomly, through oral examination and questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: There was a prevalence of caries of 35,6%, with 1 to 4 caries representing the highest percentage (23,7%). A high percentage of children never went to the dentist (81,3%); a similar percentage never experienced toothache (82,3%). Conclusion: Despite the social vulnerability, the prevalence of caries was low, and actions to minimize the effects of the disease on quality of life and child development are suggested.

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Risk of Mortality on Patients with Traffic Accidents of Emergency Department at dr. Soebandi Hospital, Jember Regency

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v15i1.17599 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Baskoro Setioputro ◽

Indah Listiyawati ◽

Kholid Rosyidi Muhammad Nur

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Low Risk ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Almost All ◽

Wheeled Vehicles

Introduction: The number of mortality due to traffic accidents is still becoming a global burden. In addition SDGs 2030 has set a target to decrease the number of mortality and global injuries due to traffic accidents. The purpose of this study was to analysis the risk of mortality due to traffic accidents in the Eemergency Department (ED) of dr.Soebandi Hospital Regional, Jember Regency.Method: A retrospective observational study was carried out in the ED by studying medical records of the traffic accident patients aged ≥16 years. The sampling technique was used simple random sampling with the sample size 250. The study was collected data with Modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score. This study result was analyzed with frequency distribution and Chi-Square test. Results: The result showed respondents who experienced traffic accidents mostly was 20-29 years old (19.6%). The majority of the patient was men (68,4%). The riders of two/three-wheeled vehicles who suffered traffic accidents reached 73.2%. Most of the accidents that occurred at 06.00-11.59 AM were around 37.6%. Generally, traffic accidents occur to drivers as much as 68.4%. The number of types of head trauma as much as 57,2%. This study showed that 94,8% patients were at low risk of mortality. There were significant relationship between risk of mortality and the role in vehicle use (p-value = 0,043).Conclusions: Almost all patients have a low risk of mortality in the ED of dr. Soebandi Hospital Jember Regency.

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The importance of sociodemographic characteristics of psychotherapy patients in institutional conditions on the Balkan territory

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0020764020938413 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002076402093841

Author(s):

Milica Vezmar ◽

Olga Colovic ◽

Daniel Meskovic ◽

Marina Paunovic ◽

Vesna Dukanac

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Secondary School ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Chi Square ◽

Future Studies ◽

Institutional Conditions ◽

Retrospective Clinical Study ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Design And Methods

Objectives: The effects of psychotherapy are proven, compelling and far-reaching. The aim was to evaluate sociodemographic characteristics and clinical diagnosis of psychotherapeutic patients who were treated at the Institute of Mental Health in Belgrade. Design and Methods: Retrospective clinical study was composed of 334 patients. Patients data related to the gender, age, education, employment, marital status and clinical diagnose were processed by descriptive statistics methods and chi-square test. Results: Psychotherapy services were mostly used by female patients (64.1%), aged 30 to 39 years, majority finished secondary school (47.6%) and were employed (54.8%). Half of the patients were single (49.7%) with unipolar depressive non-psychotic disorder (60.5%). Conclusions: The research of this kind and with this volume of patients, coming from institutional conditions, has never been done among Balkan nationalities and thus represent encouragement for future studies.

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Analysis of Scoring Sequences in Matches of the Portuguese Premier League

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2017-0199 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 255-263

Author(s):

José M. Pratas ◽

Anna Volossovitch ◽

Ana I. Carita

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Cox Model ◽

Positive Association ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Premier League ◽

Chi Square Test

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the sequences of the first two goals scored in soccer matches in accordance with a range of different match contexts. Data from 1506 matches played in the Portuguese Premier League during six consecutive competitive seasons (2009-10 to 2014-2015) were analysed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test in order to verify the association between variables and a Cox regression analysis was used to predict the time the second goal was scored in function of the time of the first goal scored in the match and the scoreline. The results revealed a higher frequency of the second goals being scored in the second half of a match (58%) and in the last 5 min periods of each half. A positive association was found for home teams and score-doubling goals (58%), as well as for away teams and score-equalizing goals (56%). For home and away teams the score-doubling goal of a match was strongly and positively associated with a win outcome for home (93%) and away teams (92%), while the score-equalizing goals were associated with a draw (home and away teams: 44%) and loss outcome (home: 33% and away teams: 32%). Finally, the Cox model showed that if the first goal was scored in the second half of the match, the probability of the second goal being scored was three times higher compared to the first half.

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The Influence of Husband's Role on Mother Interest in Giving Exclusive Breastfeeding

Childhood Stunting, Wasting, and Obesity, as the Critical Global Health Issues: Forging Cross-Sectoral Solutions ◽

10.26911/the7thicph.03.22 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yunik Windarti ◽

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Life Cycles ◽

The Body ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Nahdlatul Ulama ◽

Almost All ◽

Postpartum Mothers

ABSTRACT Background: Woman who become mother have gone through various life cycles, from pregnancy till childbirth. During this postpartum period, almost all mothers also breastfeed their babies. The process of restoring the body health after childbirth along with caring for the baby often leaves the mother physically and psychologically exhausted. So many mothers cannot provide exclusive breastfeeding. This is where the husband’s role is very important to provide support to the mother. This study aimed to analyze the influence husband’s role on the mother’s interest in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 2 months on 46 postpartum mothers. This study conducted in Wonokromo, Surabaya, in 2020. The independent variable was the husband’s role and the dependent variable was the mother’s interest in giving exclusive breastfeeding. The data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using Chi Square test. Results: The results showed that out of 21 (57.14%) mothers who had less husband’s role, most had a low interest in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Of the 25 mothers who have a good husband’s role, almost all (92%) have a high interest in exclusive breastfeeding (p< 0.001), and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: The better husband’s role in supporting his wife, the higher the mother’s interest in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: husband role, mother, exclusive breastfeeding Correspondence: Yunik Windarti. Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, East Java. Jl. Smea No 57 Surabaya, East Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081330330090. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.22

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