Investigating and analyzing three cohorts of mushroom poisoning caused by Amanita exitialis in Yunnan, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 665-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sun ◽  
H-J Li ◽  
H-S Zhang ◽  
Y-Z Zhang ◽  
J-W Xie ◽  
...  

Amanita exitialis is a lethal mushroom found in China. Knowledge regarding taxonomic characterization, toxin detection, general poisoning conditions, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and clinical treatments for this species is currently lacking. We investigated three A. exitialis mushroom poisoning cohorts in Yunnan Province in 2014 and 2015, involving 10 patients. Mushroom samples were identified by morphological and molecular studies. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the peptide toxins in the mushroom samples. Epidemiological information, clinical data, and results of laboratory examinations were collected and analyzed. The mushroom samples were all identified as A. exitialis. The average toxin concentration decreased from the cap to the stipe to the volva, and the average concentration of the peptide toxins decreased in the order of α-amanitin > phallacidin > β-amanitin > γ-amanitin. The latency period between ingestion and the onset of symptoms was 13.9 ± 2.1 h, and the time from ingestion to hospitalization was 49.6 ± 8.5 h. The most common symptoms were nausea and vomiting (100%). Four patients died from fulminant hepatic failure. Laboratory examinations showed that the alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time levels peaked on the third day post-ingestion. Total bilirubin and direct bilirubin values peaked on day 7. The death group and the survival group had a similar variation trend of serological indexes, but the death group had a greater change. A. exitialis is an extremely dangerous mushroom and there is a need to educate the public to avoid picking and eating wild mushrooms that have not been definitively identified.

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5916-5916
Author(s):  
Weibin Zhuo ◽  
Ya Gao ◽  
Chunyan Yang ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Yintian Zhang ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective HPS is caused by a variety of diseases, the most common causes including infections, malignancies and autoimmune diseases. It has an acute onset, a dangerous condition, rapid progress, and a high mortality rate. The main clinical manifestations are persistent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, hematocytopenia and tissue cell phagocytosis.Most of the current research is focused on children, and there are few reports on adult HPS.And lack of multi-center, prospective research, its pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment is still poorly understood. Methods To analyze the clinical manifestations,laboratory data, therapy and prognosis in patients with hemophagocytic syndrome, 46 patients (over 18 years old) with HPS in our hospital from June 2011 to September 2017 were analyzed.The scope of the study included the patient's age, gender, etiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, treatment and prognosis, and analyzed its clinical, laboratory and prognostic characteristics. Result Of the 46 patient cases, 19 cases were secondary to cancer and 11 cases secondary to infection,10 cases were considered as malignant lymphoma by PET- CT,other 6 cases of unknown etiology.A total of 31 patients with EBV infection were diagnosed by EBV-DNA in all patients.Forty-six patients had various clinical manifestations, all had fever, mostly persistent irregular hyperthermia, and antibiotic treatment was not effective.There are also splenomegaly, serous effusion, respiratory symptoms, hemorrhage, central nervous system symptoms, renal dysfunction。According to HPS -2004 criteria,the coincidence rate of indices were: fever (100%), high level of serun ferritin (100% ),cytopenias (93.48% ),splenomegaly (91.30% ), hemophagocytosis in bone marrow,spleen or lymph nodes (84.78% ),hypofibrinogenemia (67.39% ), hypertriglyceridemia (54.05% ). Among cancer,infection and unknown etiology group,there were statistically differences on Ferritin and β2 microglobulin (P<0.05), It can be seen that the levels of Ferritin and β2 microglobulin in the tumor-associated HPS group were significantly higher than those in the unknown etiology and infection-related HPS group. The overall survival rate of the 46 patients was 11.1%.Causes of death included respiratory and circulatory failure (36.4%), cardiac arrest (18.2%), multiple organ failure (18.2%), hemorrhage, cerebral palsy (18.2%), and liver failure (9.1%).Comparing the laboratory indicators of the survival group and the death group at the initial diagnosis, the Lactic dehydrogenase and Triglyceride levels in the death group were higher than those in the survival group, while the Fibrinogen level in the death group was lower than that in the survival group. Conclusion The secondary HPS occurs from various underlined disease,many associated with Epstein- Barr virus infection.Cancer,especially NK/T- cell lymphoma is the main cause.Adult HPS progresses rapidly due to the disease, which makes it difficult to confirm the diagnosis in time. Some patients have deteriorated before the diagnosis is perfected.Increased sensitivity indicators such as sCD25 and NK cell activity can help early diagnosis. The 1-month survival rate of the chemotherapy group was higher than that of the anti-infective group alone, indicating that chemotherapy and controlled hemorrhage are meaningful for controlling the disease in a short period of time, while the simple anti-infection effect is poor.Adult HPS has only gradually gained attention in recent years. How to identify the underlying cause of HPS and to formulate a treatment strategy based on different incentives and prognostic factors is essential. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Dwi Martha Nur Aditya

Abstract— A few months ago there was Covid-19 virus outbreak by SARS-CoV-19 virus which has clinical manifestations, one of which is Anosmia. Anosmia cause patient was experienced smell’s decreasing which causes psychological problems that loss of comfort and appetite. This condition may also cause imunity’s decreasing in patient. Anosmia in Covid-19 patients could be temporary, if the body's immune system is maintained in good condition, one of the factors is continuing provide healthy and nutritious food intake, even though in tasteless conditions. Therefore, this article can be used as an educational material for the public, how to understand the neurobiological conditions of anosmia in Covid-19, further to avoid depressed due to loss of taste which could be lead to loss appetite. Keywords: Covid-19, Anosmia, Neurobiology Abstrak— Beberapa bulan lalu telah terjadi penyebaran wabah virus Covid-19 oleh SARS-CoV-19 virus yang memiliki manifestasi klinis salah satunya adalah Anosmia. Kondisi anosmia menyebabkan kondisi pasien mengalami penurunan daya penciuman yang menyebabkan gangguan psikologis berupa kehilangan rasa nyaman dan kehilangan napsu makan. Kondisi ini sudah barang tentu akan menyebabkan penurunan daya imunitas pasien. Anosmia pada pasien Covid-19 bersifat sementara, apabila daya imunitas tubuh tetap dijaga dalam keadaan baik, salah satu faktornya adalah tetap memberikan asupan makan sehat dan bergizi, meskipun dalam kondisi tasteless. Oleh karena itu, dengan adanya artikel ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan edukasi kepada khalayak, bagaimana memahami kondisi anosmia pada Covid-19 secara neurobiologi, sehingga dapat menghindarkan rasa depresi karena kehilangan rasa akan makaman yang dapat menyebabkan turunnya napsu makan. Kata kunci: Covid-19, Anosmia, Neurobiologi


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yani Kuang ◽  
Susu He ◽  
Shuangxiang Lin ◽  
Rui Zhu ◽  
Rongzhen Zhou ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: In December 2019, the first case of pneumonia associated with the SARS-CoV-2 was found in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China, so data are needed on the affected patients. The purpose of our study was to find the clinical manifestations and CT features of COVID-19.Methods: All patients with COVID-19 in Taizhou city were retrospectively included and divided into non-severe group and severe group according to the severity of the disease. The clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and imaging features of COVID-19 patients were analyzed, and the differences between the two groups were compared.Results: A total of 143 laboratory-confirmed cases were included in the study, including 110 non-severe patients and 33 severe patients. The median age of patients was 47 (range 4–86 years). Fever (73.4%) and cough (63.6%) were the most common initial clinical symptoms. Between two groups of cases, the results of aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, serum albumin, CR, glomerular filtration rate, amyloid protein A, fibrinogen, calcitonin level and oxygen partial pressure, IL – 10, absolute value of CD3, CD4, CD8 were different, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Therefore, these quantitative indicators can be used to help assess the severity. On admission, the CT showed that the lesions were mostly distributed in the periphery of the lung or subpleural (135 cases (98%)), and most of lesions presented as patchy (81%), mixed density (63%) shadow. Consolidation (68% vs 41%), bronchial inflation signs (59% vs 41%), and bronchiectasis (71% vs 39%) were more common in the severe group.Conclusions: Most of the cases of COVID-19 in Taizhou have mild symptoms and no death. In addition to clinical symptoms, some laboratory tests (such as absolute values of CD4 and CD8) and CT findings can be used to assess the severity of the disease.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Rinat R. Fatkullin ◽  
Aikumis K. Saken

Abnormal environmental factors contribute to advanced behavioral strategies in higher regulatory centers as well as to the assessment of possible morphofunctional and energy transformations in the body. Animals, especially birds, which are characterized by curiosity, are highly sensitive to the presence of environmental pollution, since they interact with elements of the environment and surroundings. Contamination of broiler products can also be caused by contaminated soil and dust, unknown sources of persistent heavy metals and organic pollutants that are unknown to the public, such as car wreckage, household waste, and so on. In general, adverse factors that regularly affect small details do not require significant changes in the body at the initial stage, mainly affect non-specific mechanisms that lead to long-term activation. The paper contains significant work based on the analysis of microbiogenic links in the trophic chain, but the formation of processes associated with metabolic disorders from the development of trace elements to clinical manifestations is still insufficiently studied, so it is difficult to diagnose and treat previously unknown animal diseases in veterinary practice.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Anant Parasher ◽  
Akshay Aggrawal

Poisoning due to mushroom ingestion is a relatively rare but deadly cause of acute liver failure (ALF). Consumption of the poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides, also known as ‘death cap’, is one of the most common causes of mushroom poisoning worldwide, being involved in the majority of human fatalities caused due to mushroom ingestion. A major portion of the liver damage due to Amanita phalloides is related to powerful toxins known as amanitins, which cause impairment in protein synthesis and subsequent cell necrosis by the inhibition of RNA polymerase II. Initially the presentation is that of an asymptomatic lag phase, followed by gastrointestinal symptoms and hepato-renal involvement. Amatoxin poisoning may progress into fulminant hepatic failure and eventually death if liver transplantation is not performed. It is based on a careful assessment of history of type and duration of mushroom ingestion, as well as the clinical manifestations. Diagnosis can be confirmed by laboratory tests measuring urinary amatoxin levels and identification of the mushroom. Although N-Acetyl Cysteine and Penicillin-G have proven to be effective therapeutic agents, Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT) or Auxiliary Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (APOLT) is the only treatment option for most of the cases carrying a poor prognosis.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Huo ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Dong Zhang

Abstract Background: Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive inherited salt-losing tubulopathy resulted from a loss-of-function mutation in the gene SLC12A3 encoding the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCCT) protein located in the distal renal tubules. Investigations revealed hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria and increased activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. There have been very few case reports on Gitelman syndrome in pregnancy, and some cases showed adverse consequences of the fetus.Case presentation: We presented a case report of a pregnant female with hypokalemia, a large amount of intravenous potassium was required to maintain a relatively normal level of serum potassium.Therefore, further laboratory examinations and whole blood DNA sequencing were carried out. The patient was eventually diagnosed with Gitelman syndrome. In terms of treatment, the amount of potassium supplementation was gradually reduced, and magnesium supplementation was intermittently provided at the same time to maintain the patient's serum potassium at about 3.0mmol/L and serum magnesium at about 0.8mmol/L. Obstetric ultrasound during hospitalization indicated normal fetal development, and the patient was discharged from hospital after her condition improved.Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of GS are non-specific, and there is a lack of evidence-based treatment guidelines for pregnant GS patients, so multidisciplinary management of pregnant GS women is essential. Treatment should be cautious and individual, and the electrolytes should be closely monitored to avoid complications caused by electrolyte disturbance and strive to obtain a good maternal and fetal outcome.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xie Wu ◽  
Zhanhao Su ◽  
Qipeng Luo ◽  
Yinan Li ◽  
Hongbai Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Identifying high-risk patients in intensive care unit (ICU) is very important because of the high mortality rate. Existing scoring systems are numerous but lack effective inflammatory markers. Our objective was to identify and evaluate a low-cost, easily accessible and effective inflammatory marker that can predict mortality in ICU patients.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database. We first divided the patients into the survival group and the death group based on in-hospital mortality. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to find the best inflammatory marker (i.e. neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR). We then re-divided the patients into three groups based on NLR levels. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to evaluate the association between NLR and mortality. The area under the curve (AUC), Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) were used to assess whether the incorporate of NLR can improve the predictive power of existing predictive model. Results: A total of 21,822 patients were included in this study, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 14.43%. Among all inflammatory marker in routine blood test results, NLR had the best predictive ability, with a median (interquartile range) NLR of 5.40 (2.95, 10.46) in the survival group and 8.32 (4.25, 14.75) in the death group. We then re-divided the patients into low (≤1), medium (1-6) and high (≥6) groups based on NLR levels. Compared with the median NLR group, the in-hospital mortality rates were significantly higher in the low (odds ratio [OR] = 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 2.66) and high (OR=1.64; 95%CI, 1.50-1.80) NLR groups. The addition of NLR to Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) improved the AUC from 0.789 to 0.798 (P<0.001), with NRI of 16.64% (P<0.001) and IDI of 0.27% (P<0.001).Conclusion: NLR is a good predictor of mortality in ICU patients, both low and high levels of NLR are associated with elevated mortality rate. The inclusion of NLR might improve the predictive power of SAPS II.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Ayed ◽  
Alia Embaireeg ◽  
Asmaa Benawadh ◽  
Wadha Al-Fouzan ◽  
Majdeda Hammoud ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and newborns is incompletely understood. Preliminary data shows a rather fluctuating course of the disease from asymptomatic or mild symptoms to maternal death. However, it is not clear whether the disease increases the risk of pregnancy-related complications. The aim of the study is to describe the maternal and neonatal clinical characteristics and outcome of pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods In this retrospective national-based study, we analyzed the medical records of all pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their neonates who were admitted to New-Jahra Hospital (NJH), Kuwait, between March 15th 2020 and May 31st 2020. During the study period and as part of the public health measures, a total of 185 pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2, regardless of symptoms, were hospitalized at NJH, and were included. Maternal and neonatal clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and treatments were collected. The outcomes of pregnancies included miscarriage, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), preterm birth and live birth were assessed until the end date of the outcomes follow-up (November 10th 2020). Results A total of 185 pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled with a median age of 31 years (interquartile range, IQR: 27.5–34), and median gestational age at diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 infection was 29 weeks (IQR: 18–34). The majority (88%) of these women had mild symptoms, with fever (58%) being the most common presenting symptom followed by cough (50.6%). At the time of the analysis, out of the 185, 3 (1.6%) of the pregnant women had a miscarriage, 1 (0.54%) had IUFD which was not related to COVID-19, 16 (8.6%) had ongoing pregnancies and 165 (89%) had a live birth. Only 2 (1.1%) of these women developed severe pneumonia and required intensive care. A total of 167 neonates with two sets of twins were born with median gestational age at birth was 38 (IQR: 36–39) weeks. Most of the neonates were asymptomatic, and only 2 of them tested positive on day 5 by nasopharyngeal swab testing. Conclusions In this national-based study, most of the pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed mild symptoms. Although mother-to-child vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is possible, COVID-19 infection during pregnancy may not lead to unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes.


Author(s):  
Rabilochan Maji ◽  
Arindam Bhattacharjee ◽  
Akshaya Elango ◽  
Sayan Ghosh ◽  
Kripasindhu Gantait

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a world wellbeing compromise. The danger factors for unfavorable occasions of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) have not been very much depicted. This study aimed to explore clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Midnapore medical college and hospital and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study, data of all confirmed patients with COVID-19 admitted at SARI HDU of Midnapore medical college and hospital from 1st July to 21July 2021 were collected and analyzed. Data including clinical presentations, basic laboratory investigations, and CT severity scores were analyzed and compared between survival and death patients.Results: In this study total of 81 patients of COVID-19 admitted at SARI HDU were included (male=50, female=31). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the outcome: survival group (n=38) and death group (n=43). Information on the overall clinical characteristics of the patients was collected, including age, sexual orientation, past medical history, clinical symptoms, and so on. Compared with the patients in the Survival group, the patients in the death group, the proportion of patients presented with Dyspnoea and suffering from Diabetes and hypertension were higher (p<0.05). In patients of the death group, TLC, CRP, D-dimer, urea, and creatinine had higher values, while the levels of albumin were significantly reduced, and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Between the Survival group and death group, there was no significant difference in other indexes such as NLR, platelet count, and liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT) (p>0.05). Conclusions: The risk factors of comorbidities, like diabetes, hypertension and others like leucocytosis, high CRP, high d-dimer, altered renal function, low serum albumin, and higher CT severity score could help clinicians identify patients with potential adverse events.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e2021060
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Beichen Cui ◽  
Chunmei Pi ◽  
Xiaohong Yu ◽  
Zhiwei Liu ◽  
...  

Objective: This study intends to investigate the prognostic risk factors of bloodstream infection in Beijing. Methods: This study is a clinical retrospective study. Patients with community-onset bloodstream infections (COBSI) who were admitted to the emergency department and inpatient department of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 1,2015 to December 31,2019 were selected as the main research objects. According to whether the patient survives for 100 days or not, the patients are divided into survival group and death group. By analyzing the clinical data of the two groups of patients, the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, bacterial resistance and risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 446 patients with COBSI diagnosed by blood culture were included in this study, including 252 men and 194 women. According to 100-day survival or not, patients were divided into survival group and death group, of which 363 cases were in the survival group and 83 cases were in the death group. The results of this study show that solid tumors, combined septic shock, indwelling catheters and hemodialysis treatment are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of COBSI patients. Reasonable initial antibiotic therapy is a protective factor affecting the prognosis of COBSI patients. Conclusion: Solid tumors, combined septic shock, indwelling catheters, hemodialysis treatment, Charlson score, APACHE II score and PITT score are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of COBSI patients in Beijing, the capital of China, and reasonable initial antibiotic therapy is a protective factor affecting the prognosis of COBSI patients.


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