Business Ethics in a Global Economy: A Cross-Cultural Study Among Working Adults in Russia and Vietnam

Businesses nowadays face urgent demands to act ethically and socially responsibly. Some believe that ethically responsible companies design and use corporate governance that serves all stakeholders' interests to achieve competitive advantage and maintaining ethical behavior is very important through corporate governance. Thus, an ethical business environment is critical and ethical behavior is expected of everyone in the modern workplace. Companies devote many resources and training programs to make sure their employees live according to the high ethical standards. This study used Clark and Clark's (1966) Personal Business Ethics Scores (PBES) measure to examine the relationship between gender, age, management experience, ethics course taken, and ethics training to ethical maturity of Thai working adults. This research surveyed 236 Thai working adults to measure their Personal Business Ethics Scores (PBES). Statistically significant differences were found in the variables of ethics course taken and ethics training. Gender, age, and management experience, however, did not lead to any significant differences. Consequently, Kohlberg's Cognitive Moral Development theory regarding ethical maturity is partly supported since respondents with more ethics education and training have higher business ethics scores than those without ethics education and training. In this study, Thai background and cultural dimension, as well as literature on moral development and ethics, are presented along with practical applications, suggestions and implications for educators, managers, and employees.

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Business Ethics Perceptions of Working Adults

Business Law and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8195-8.ch017 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 320-336

Author(s):

Lam D. Nguyen ◽

Kuo-Hao Lee ◽

Bahaudin G. Mujtaba ◽

Sorasak Paul Silanont

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Business Ethics ◽

Moral Development ◽

Ethical Behavior ◽

Ethics Education ◽

Ethics Training ◽

Working Adults ◽

Ethics Course ◽

Management Experience ◽

And Training

Businesses nowadays face urgent demands to act ethically and socially responsibly. Some believe that ethically responsible companies design and use corporate governance that serves all stakeholders' interests to achieve competitive advantage and maintaining ethical behavior is very important through corporate governance. Thus, an ethical business environment is critical and ethical behavior is expected of everyone in the modern workplace. Companies devote many resources and training programs to make sure their employees live according to the high ethical standards. This study used Clark and Clark's (1966) Personal Business Ethics Scores (PBES) measure to examine the relationship between gender, age, management experience, ethics course taken, and ethics training to ethical maturity of Thai working adults. This research surveyed 236 Thai working adults to measure their Personal Business Ethics Scores (PBES). Statistically significant differences were found in the variables of ethics course taken and ethics training. Gender, age, and management experience, however, did not lead to any significant differences. Consequently, Kohlberg's Cognitive Moral Development theory regarding ethical maturity is partly supported since respondents with more ethics education and training have higher business ethics scores than those without ethics education and training. In this study, Thai background and cultural dimension, as well as literature on moral development and ethics, are presented along with practical applications, suggestions and implications for educators, managers, and employees.

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Effect of Some Performance Indicators of Mathematics in the Nalerigu Senior High School

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2017.v13n3p429 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 429

Author(s):

Hussein Salifu ◽

Gabriel Nyamekye ◽

Adam Issahaku

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Performance Indicators ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Mathematics Performance ◽

Female Students ◽

Senior High School ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Course Of Study

This study employed the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) procedure to examine the influence of students’ sex, age and course of study (department) on mathematics performance in Nalerigu Senior High School of the East Mampurisi district in the Northern of Ghana. The results showed that male students perform better on the average for all the mathematics performance indicators (understanding, knowledge and perception). The MANOVA analysis revealed that students performance in mathematics do not differ across sex (gender) and age group. The results however showed that there was significant difference in performance of mathematics across course of study (department). However, the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that there was no sex difference in understanding and knowledge of mathematics while significant differences exist in perception of mathematics among male and female students. Further, the study revealed a significant difference in students understanding and knowledge in mathematics and no bias in perception of mathematics among students age. The study therefore recommended that, the Ministry of Education, school managements and other stakeholders such as Non Governmental Organizations should sensitize students to discard beliefs and practices that prohibit effective participation of female students which result to poor performance in mathematics.

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Cognitive flexibility of smokers in the context of social anxiety

10.32592/ajnpp.2020.7.2.103 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 93-99

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Cognitive Flexibility ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽

Nicotine Abuse ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wilks Lambda ◽

Study Population

Background: The cognitiveCognitive dysfunction may be an important factor in smoking and nicotine abuse. However, there are very few studies that have examined the effects of psychiatric conditions on the cognitive flexibility of smokers. Objectives: This research was conducted with the aim of examination theto examine cognitive flexibility (perceive theperceived controllability and cognitive alternatives) ofamong smokers in the context of with social anxiety. MaterialMaterials and methods: The research was a study withpresent causal-comparative design. The populationstudy was allconducted on 60 smoker students ofstudying at Arak University, Arak, Iran, in 2018-2019 years. For selecting the research sample the. The study population was selected using the purposive sampling was usedtechnique. At first, the participants completed the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI).. Then, based on the cutoff point scores of SPIN (19 to above),≤), the participants were divided into two smoker groups (n=30 in each group) were selected: smoker groupsof smokers with and without social anxiety. (n=30 in each group). Finally, these groups were compared in perceive the terms of perceived controllability and cognitive alternatives by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA).using the multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results indicated a significant difference in the linerlinear composition of the dependent variables ofin the two groups (wilks,Wilks’ lambda= 0/.799, F50,2= 6/.726, p= P=0/.004). UnivariateThe results of the univariate analysis of variance indicated that the smoker group with social anxiety had lower perceive theperceived controllability and cognitive alternatives, compared to the smoker group without social anxiety. Conclusion: In generalAs the findings indicated, the level of cognitive flexibility in the smokers with and without social anxiety iswas different. Therefore, it is necessary to consideringconsider the evaluation and treatment of cognitive deficits in smokers based on their level of social anxiety.

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Personal Business Ethics Perception: A Study of Vietnamese Adults

Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies ◽

10.24311/jabes/2014.221.02 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. 127-143

Author(s):

Quân Trần Hà Minh

Keyword(s):

Business Ethics ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Public Attitudes ◽

Codes Of Conduct ◽

Great Influence ◽

Code Of Conduct ◽

Ethical Behaviors ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Unethical Behaviors ◽

Management Experience

As the world of business is becoming more globalized and diverse, business ethics also becomes a complicated and frequently controversial topic. Organizations as well as individuals are fully aware that business ethical issues can have a great influence on the public attitudes toward them, and unethical behaviors and conducts can destroy trust. In turn, ethical leaders and employees can influence positively decisions and behaviors of others, which can lead to organization’s sustainability. Today’s workplace has a high demand for ethical behaviors of all employees. This study examines the personal business ethics perceptions of 964 Vietnamese adults based on age, gender, management experience, and code of conduct by using Clark & Clark's (1966) Personal Business Ethics Scores (PBES) measure. The results demonstrate that there is a significant difference in personal business ethics perceptions on each variable. It appears that younger Vietnamese adults have higher personal business ethics scores than older adults. Vietnamese females scored higher than males. People with management experience have lower scores while those who have not experienced codes of conduct have higher scores than those who have experienced codes of conduct. In this study, literature review on ethics, corruption perception index of Vietnam, limitations, and implications are also provided.

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The effect of problem-based learning and project-based learning on the achievement motivation

Jurnal Prima Edukasia ◽

10.21831/jpe.v6i2.17956 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 129-135

Author(s):

Intan Kartika Sari

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Achievement Motivation ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Problem Based Learning ◽

Project Based Learning ◽

T Test ◽

Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Academic Year

This study aimed to reveal: (1) the effect of PBL on the achievement motivation; (2) the effect of PjBL on the achievement motivation; and (3) differences of achievement motivation between the group taught using PBL and the group taught using PjBL. This study was a quasi experiment with the nonequivalent commparison group design. The population was grade V students of SD Negeri Lempuyangwangi in academic year 2016/2017. The data analysis used t-test and Univariate Analysis of Variance at the significant levelof 5%. The result are as follows: (1) PBL improved positively and significantly on theachievement motivation; (2) PjBL improved positively and significantly on theachievement motivation; and (3) there is a significant difference on theachievement motivation between the group taught using PBL and that taught using PjBL.

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Assessing the effectiveness of problem-based and lecture-based learning environments on students’ achievements in electronic works

International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education ◽

10.1177/0020720918773983 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 334-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chibueze Tobias Orji ◽

Theresa Chinyere Ogbuanya

Keyword(s):

Learning Environments ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of problem-based and lecture-based learning environments on students’ achievement in electronic works. The design was randomized subjects with pretest and posttest control group design. The participants ( N = 148) were randomized to treatment and control conditions. Repeated measures analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance were conducted by the researchers to compare changes across the treatment and control group participants. To test for differences in categorical data representing characteristics of the participants, the researchers used Chi-square (χ2) statistic. Results show that the experimental group achieved higher achievement scores than the control group for electronic works achievement test at the posttest and follow-up test stages. Furthermore, the study found that there was no significant difference ( P > 0.05) in the achievement of students in the different ability levels and genders after the treatment. Hence, problem-based learning was advocated for teachers of electronic works in Nigeria.

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Hematological Profile of Serbian Youth National Soccer Teams

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/v10078-009-0023-4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 51-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aleksandar Joksimović ◽

Daniel Stanković ◽

Dragan Ilić ◽

Ivana Joksimović ◽

Milorad Jerkan

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Point Of View ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Financial Status ◽

Hematological Profile ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Soccer Teams ◽

Professional Guidance

Hematological Profile of Serbian Youth National Soccer TeamsSoccer is one of the most widely played and complex sports in the world, where players need technical, tactical, and physical skills to succeed. Technical and tactical skills in soccer are highly dependent on the player's physical capacity. The selection, development and professional guidance of young players is a priority for many top soccer clubs in order to maintain their sporting and financial status. The aim of the present study was to determine hematological profile of youth national soccer teams and to compare the values of fifteen hematological parameters between 3 Serbian youth national teams (under 14, 15 and 16 years old), as well as between soccer players and nonathletes. 80 young soccer players and 30 non-athletes participated in the study. 15 hematologic parameters (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PDW, LYM%, MON%, GRAN%, LYM, MON, GRAN) were measured. In order to determine the significance of differences between the groups on a multivariate level a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was administered, and to test the differences between the groups on an univariate level a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. It was concluded that there is no significant difference in all the variables (WBC, Ly, Mo, Gr, PLT, HGB, HCT, etc), except RBC, probably due to age, androgen affection on erythropoesis, field positoning and diet. From a practical point of view, the clinician has to take into account not only age, but also training status of individuals when evaluating their blood tests.

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Effect of Altitude on Taste Thresholds

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1972.34.2.667 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 667-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. A. Maga ◽

K. Lorenz

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Taste Sensitivity ◽

Variance Method ◽

Sample Sequence ◽

Taste Response ◽

Plot Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Taste Thresholds

This study was designed to evaluate what effect altitude has on a person's ability to detect the four basic tastes (salt, sour, bitter, and sweet). Increasing molar concentrations of compounds representative of the four tastes were presented to a 6-member panel and their threshold value for each taste determined. To simulate altitude, a chamber equipped with vacuum and pressure controls and controlled temperature and humidity was used. The altitudes studied were sea level, 5,000 and 10,000 ft. above sea level. The altitude and sample sequence for each member was varied since the panel had been accustomed to living at 5,000 ft. The results were evaluated by the split-plot analysis of variance method. When the four tastes were considered as a unit, a significant difference (α = 0.05) resulted between sea level and 5,000 ft. since the lower the altitude the more sensitive was the composite taste response. However, no significant difference resulted in going from 5,000 to 10,000 ft. This study demonstrates that basic taste sensitivity can be significantly influenced by altitude.

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The antipyretic effect of basil leaf extract (Ocimi sancti folium) in rats

Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry ◽

10.13057/biofar/f040204 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 65-71

Author(s):

ANDINA WIDIASTUTI ◽

YUL MARIYAH ◽

SUHARSONO SUHARSONO

Keyword(s):

Temperature Measurement ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Dose Group ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Time Range ◽

Antipyretic Effect ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc

Basil leaves are believed by community to reduce the fever. This study aimed to determine the effect of antipyretic and the effectiveness of basil leaf extract (Ocimi sancti folium) in rats. This research was a laboratory experimental research by using a random sampling technique. The experimental animal used was Wistar rats aged less than 2 months, as much as 20 rats divided into 4 groups. Group 1 as a negative control group was given aquadest of 2.5 ml, while groups 2, 3 and 4 as test groups were each given basil extract by 3.15 mg/100 gr BB, 6.30 mg mg/100 gr BB and 12.60 mg/100 gr BB, respectively, dissolved in 2.5 ml of aquadest. To increase the temperature, it was injected vaccine DPT 0.2 cc intra-muscular. The temperature measurement is conducted by using a digital thermometer. The data obtained were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 11.5 (SPSS 11.5) with Univariate Analysis of Variance method followed by Post Hoc test. The result of one factor analysis from Univariate Analysis of Variance test showed that the average of rats rectal temperature was significantly different for each test group and for each time range of temperature measurement, each of them was 0.034 and 0.005 with a significant level (Î±) = 0.05. From the result of analysis by using Post Hoc Test, there was a significant difference between dose group of 3.15 mg/100 gr BB with a dose group of 12.60 mg/100 gr BB and between the time of temperature measurements of 120 minutes and 180 minutes. At first dose and 180th minute, it was obtained a lowest rectal rats temperature. The results showed that the basil leaf extract had an antipyretic effect on rats. The optimal effectiveness evidenced by a lowest average rectal temperature was achieved by a dose of 3.15 mg/100 gr BB at 180th minute.

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