Pulsed Ultraviolet Light Decontamination of Meat Conveyor Surfaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322110496
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Cassar ◽  
Edward W. Mills ◽  
Ali Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coated Fabric ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Xenon Flashlamp

Contact with continuous belt conveyors during processing results in opportunities for pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms to contaminate meat products. The objective of this project is to investigate the germicidal response on the surface of food-grade conveyor belt materials treated with pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) light. Four conveyor belt types including: a stainless-steel chain-link belt, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated fabric belt, a solid pliable polymer belt, and a rigid-linked polymer belt, were evaluated for the inactivation of Escherichia coli K12-NSR strain and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Prior to bacterial inoculation, samples were classified as soiled or unsoiled, based on the presence or absence of pork intramuscular fluid on the surfaces of the conveyor samples. Using a variable speed conveyor, equipped with a Xenon flashlamp positioned 10-cm above the surface, each belt sample was exposed to PUV light at three fixed conveyor speeds: 3.05, 15.24, and 30.48 cm/sec, resulting in a total energy exposure of 3.31, 0.66 and 0.33 J/cm2, respectively. For samples inoculated with E. coli K12-NSR, the surface condition (soiled or unsoiled) by treatment interaction was significant for microbial inactivation on the surface of the rigid polymer linked belt (P < 0.05). For samples inoculated with the LAB cocktail, the same interaction was significant for the PTFE-coated fabric belt and the solid pliable polymer belt (P < 0.05). Microbial reduction ranged from 0.74 to 5.04 log10 CFU/cm2 for E. coli K12-NSR and 0.63 to 4.61 Log10 CFU/cm2 for LAB for the evaluated treatment parameters. The results of this project demonstrate that PUV light is an effective means of decontamination for conveyor belts during food processing.

Efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide Gas Sachets for Enhancing the Microbiological Quality and Safety of Blueberries

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 2084-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
IULIANO POPA ◽  
ERIC J. HANSON ◽  
EWEN C. D. TODD ◽  
ANNEMIEK C. SCHILDER ◽  
ELLIOT T. RYSER
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide Gas ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

In response to increasingly stringent microbial specifications being imposed by purchasers of frozen blueberries, chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas generated by a dry chemical sachet was assessed for inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli O157:H7 as well as five yeasts and molds known for blueberry spoilage. Fresh blueberry samples (100 g) were separately inoculated with cocktails of L. monocytogenes, Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7 (three strains each), or yeasts and molds (five strains each) to contain ∼106 CFU/g and exposed to ClO2 (4 mg/liter, 0.16 mg/g) for 12 h in a sealed 20-liter container (99.9% relative humidity) at ∼22°C. After gassing, 25 g of blueberries was added to 225 ml of neutralizing buffer, pulsified for 1 min, and plated using standard procedures to quantify survivors. This treatment yielded reductions of 3.94, 3.62, 4.25, 3.10, and 3.17 log CFU/g for L. monocytogenes, Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, yeasts, and molds, respectively. Thereafter, 30 lugs of uninoculated blueberries (∼9.1 kg per lug) were stacked on 1.2 by 1.2-m pallets (5 lugs per level × six levels), tarped, and exposed to ClO2 (18 mg/liter, 0.13 mg/g) for 12 h. After gassing, significant (P &lt; 0.05) reductions of 2.33, 1.47, 0.52, 1.63, and 0.48 log CFU/g were seen for mesophilic aerobic bacteria, coliforms, E. coli, yeasts, and molds, respectively, compared with non-gassed controls. No significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) in microbial inactivation were seen between lug levels and, with one exception (mesophilic aerobic bacteria), between the bottom and top surface of individual lugs. Based on these findings, ClO2 sachets may provide a simple, economical, and effective means of enhancing the microbial shelf life and safety of blueberries.

An Ultrastructural Study of Chronic Pyelonephritis in Macaca Arctoides

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
T.W. Smith ◽  
J.A. Roberts ◽  
B.J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Macaca Arctoides ◽  
Left Ureter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sizeable Number

Chronic pyelonephritis is one of the most common diseases of the kidney and accounts for a sizeable number of cases of renal insufficiency in man, however its pathogenesis requires further elucidation. Transmission electron microscopy may serve as a uniquely effective means of observing details of the nature of this disease. The present paper describes preliminary results of an ultrastructural study of chronic pyelonephritis in Macaca arctoides (stumptail monkey).The infection was induced in these experiments in a retrograde fashion by means of a unilateral catheterization of the left ureter whereby an innoculum of 10 cc of broth containing approximately 2 billion E. coli per cc and radio-opaque dye were injected under pressure (mimicing vesico-ureteric reflux).

scholarly journals Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Intestinal Faeces of Farm Animals in Austria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Herbert Galler ◽  
Josefa Luxner ◽  
Christian Petternel ◽  
Franz F. Reinthaler ◽  
Juliana Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria with an impact on human health, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), have become more common in food. This is due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, which leads to the promotion of antibiotic resistance and thus also makes food a source of such resistant bacteria. Most studies dealing with this issue usually focus on the animals or processed food products to examine the antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the intestine as another main habitat besides the skin for multiresistant bacteria. For this purpose, faeces samples were taken directly from the intestines of swine (n = 71) and broiler (n = 100) during the slaughter process and analysed. All samples were from animals fed in Austria and slaughtered in Austrian slaughterhouses for food production. The samples were examined for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, MRSA, MRCoNS and VRE. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were detected and sequenced by PCR. Phenotypic ESBL-producing Escherichia coli could be isolated in 10% of broiler casings (10 out of 100) and 43.6% of swine casings (31 out of 71). In line with previous studies, the results of this study showed that CTX-M-1 was the dominant ESBL produced by E. coli from swine (n = 25, 83.3%) and SHV-12 from broilers (n = 13, 81.3%). Overall, the frequency of positive samples with multidrug-resistant bacteria was lower than in most comparable studies focusing on meat products.

scholarly journals Conventional Selection of Mechanical Fasteners for Flat Belts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2916
Author(s):  
Karol Konecki ◽  
Dominik Wojtkowiak ◽  
Krzysztof Talaśka ◽  
Andrzej Kołodziej ◽  
Grzegorz Domek
Keyword(s):  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Fabric Composite ◽  
Mechanical Fasteners ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Mechanical Fastening ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Mechanical Fastener ◽  
The Right

Due to the variety of materials used for flat belts of belt conveyors and the further development of material engineering in relation to these belts, the methods of their connection become an increasingly problematic issue. The belts can be connected mainly in three ways: vulcanized (weldable or heat-weldable), glued or mechanically. The latter method is one of the simplest and most universal in terms of the material variety of belts; however, there are many design variations of mechanical fasteners, and each of them has a certain advantage in a narrow group of properties, e.g., the thickness spectrum of a conveyor belt, the minimum diameter of a drive roller or the range of transferable longitudinal loads. The objective of this paper is to analyze the design solutions of commercial mechanical fasteners used mainly for flat rubber-fabric, composite or plastic belts. To fulfill this goal, a preliminary analysis of the stress distribution for an exemplary solid mechanical fastener was carried out in two cases: during ramp-up and during circulating around the roll, followed by a detailed review of commercial solutions available on the market. In addition to determining the current state of knowledge and technology and determining the state of ignorance, special algorithm and design maps have been created, thanks to which the process of selecting the right mechanical fastening will be easier. The overview includes several tables with detailed information on individual connection properties. Additionally, several design aspects were derived, within which individual mechanical connections may differ. This is to enable the generation of customized solutions in the future by proposing an appropriate mathematical model, on the basis of which it will be possible to generate optimal design properties for a given application.

scholarly journals Modelling mechanical properties of the multilayer composite materials with the polyamide core

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 02052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Talaśka ◽  
Dominik Wojtkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Multilayer Composite ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Polyamide Film

Due to the wide range of application for belt conveyors, engineers look for many different combinations of mechanical properties of conveyor and transmission belts. It can be made by creating multilayer or fibre reinforced composite materials from base thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers. In order to gain high strength with proper elasticity and friction coefficient, the core of the composite conveyor belt is made of polyamide film core, which can be combined with various types of polymer fabrics, films or even rubbers. In this paper authors show the complex model of multilayer composite belt with the polyamide core, which can be used in simulation analyses. The following model was derived based on the experimental research, which consisted of tensile, compression and shearing tests. In order to achieve the most accurate model, proper simulations in ABAQUS were made and then the results were compared with empirical mechanical characteristics of a conveyor belt. The main goal of this research is to fully describe the perforation process of conveyor and transmission belts for vacuum belt conveyors. The following model will help to develop design briefs for machines used for mechanical perforation.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to salami, British Columbia, Canada, 1999

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. MacDONALD ◽  
M. FYFE ◽  
A. PACCAGNELLA ◽  
A. TRINIDAD ◽  
K. LOUIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Pfge Pattern ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

An outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections was identified in November 1999 with a fivefold increase in the occurrence of laboratory-confirmed cases of E. coli O157:H7 infection. A matched case-control study was conducted. Samples of food from cases and from retailers were analysed for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. A total of 143 cases were identified over a 12-week period with the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. The case-control study found that Company A salami was significantly associated with illness (Mantel–Haenszel matched odds ratio 10·0, 95% CI 1·4–434, P=0·01). Company A salami tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 and isolates had the same PFGE pattern as case isolates. An immediate voluntary national recall of Company A dry fermented meat products took place. Findings from the investigation of this outbreak suggest that the hold-and-test option may not be adequate to prevent shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) infection in salami consumers.

scholarly journals Coal Flowability Control on Preventing Spillage on Conveyor Belt Through Modeling and Simulation for Improving its Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-145
Author(s):  
Sabri Bahrun ◽  
Mohd Shahrizan Yusoff ◽  
Mohamad Sazali Said ◽  
Azmi Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Dem Simulation ◽  
Conveyor System ◽  
Average Production ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Belt Conveyors

Belt conveyors are generally used in mining plant areas, both surface and underground mines. The belt conveyor is mainly applied to transport the extracted bulk material from the mining site to delivery. The effectiveness of the extraction process depends on the reliability and durability of the conveyor belt system. In addition, conveyor performance is very important specially to control material flowability to prevent spills or other operational disturbances to optimize production throughput. However, the transfer chute and settling zone can cause some problems during the transfer process, such as material spills. This problem can reduce the function and performance of the conveyor belt. This paper discusses a design model to reduce the problem of spillage in the settling zone. The model was developed by compiling the previous defecting data from the durability of the conveyor system, then analyzed using Discrete Element Method (DEM) software and compared with bulk characteristics. The initial performance of certain conveyors is only capable of serving with an average production of 76% of the designed capacity while energy is consumed at full load. By applying the DEM simulation result, the blade gate can reduce the peak angle break in the depositional zone before exiting. After the analysis is completed using DEM, the conveyor increases the average production to 95% of the designed capacity. In conclusion, controlling the maximum belt load without spillage will reduce interruption on conveyor belt operation and maintenance costs therefore increase plant reliability and availability.

scholarly journals First Report of a Foodborne Salmonella enterica Serovar Gloucester (4:i:l,w) ST34 Strain Harboring blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS Genes Located in IS26-Mediated Composite Transposon

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Li ◽  
Rikke Heidemann Olsen ◽  
Anhua Song ◽  
Jian Xiao ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Structural Unit ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production and (fluoro)quinolone (FQ) resistance among Salmonella pose a public health threat. The objective of this study was the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of an ESBL-producing and nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Gloucester isolate (serotype 4:i:l,w) of sequence type 34 (ST34) from ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products in China. Whole-genome short and long read sequencing (HiSeq and MinION) results showed that it contained blaCTX–M–55, qnrS1, and tetB genes, with blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1 located in chromosomal IS26-mediated composite transposon (IS26–qnrS1–IS3–Tn3–orf–blaCTX–M–55–ISEcp1–IS26). The same genetic structure was found in the chromosome of S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain and in several plasmids of Escherichia coli, indicating that the IS26-mediated composite transposon in the chromosome of S. Gloucester may originate from plasmids of E. coli and possess the ability to disseminate to Salmonella and other bacterial species. Besides, the structural unit qnrS1–IS3–Tn3–orf–blaCTX–M–55 was also observed to be linked with ISKpn19 in both the chromosomes and plasmids of various bacteria species, highlighting the contribution of the insertion sequences (IS26 and ISKpn19) to the co-dissemination of blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1. To our knowledge, this is the first description of chromosomal blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS in S. Gloucester from RTE meat products. Our work expands the host range and provides additional evidence of the co-transfer of blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1 among different species of Salmonella through the food chain.

scholarly journals Experimental tests of the impact of selected parameters on the indentation rolling resistances

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 00002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Woźniak ◽  
Lech Gładysiewicz ◽  
Martyna Konieczna
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Indentation Rolling Resistance ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
The Impact

Belt conveyors are main part of transporting systems in mines and in many other branches of industry. During conveyor belt works different types of resistances are generated. Indentation rolling resistance is the most significant component of the resistances from the perspective of energy losses and it cause the biggest costs as well. According to latest state of analyses and measurements it is well known that theoretical rolling resistance were underestimated in comparison with the measured in-situ one. In this paper new method for determination indentation rolling resistance is presented. The authors compared theoretically and experimentally established damping factors. The relation between these two values enabled to obtain more precise equation for damping function. This function is one of the most important component in calculation of the rolling resistance. In new theoretical model value of rolling resistance is nearly twice higher than this used so far.

Isolation and plasmid characterisation of Salmonella enterica serovar Albany harbouring mcr-5 from retail chicken meat in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Wakabayashi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Sekizuka ◽  
Takahiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Akira Fukuda ◽  
Masato Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
Retail Chicken Meat ◽  
Plasmid Backbone

ABSTRACT The emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr), which is occurring in numerous countries, is a worldwide concern, primarily because colistin is a last-resort antibiotic. Compared to E. coli, prevalence of mcr genes in Salmonella is unclear in Japan. Here we screened for mcr-1–5 genes in our collection of Salmonella strains isolated from retail meat products collected in Japan from 2012 through 2016. We found that Salmonella Albany strain 27A-368 encodes mcr-5 and that mcr genes were undetectable among the remaining 202 isolates. The resistance plasmid p27A-368 was transferred by conjugation to S. Infantis and was stably retained as a transconjugant. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that mcr-5 resided on a 115 kb plasmid (p27A-368). The plasmid backbone of p27A-368 is more similar to that of pCOV27, an ESBL-encoding plasmid recovered from avian pathogenic E. coli, rather than pSE13-SA01718 of S. Paratyphi B that encodes mcr-5. Further, mcr-5 is located on a transposon, and its sequence is similar to that of pSE13-SA01718. A phylogenetic tree based on single nucleotide variants implies a relationship between 27A-368 and S. Albany isolated in Southeast Asian countries.

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