Targeting African American Nonsmokers to Motivate Smokers to Quit: A Qualitative Inquiry

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-693
Author(s):  
Janet L. Thomas ◽  
Robyn M. Scherber ◽  
Diana W. Stewart ◽  
Ian M. Lynam ◽  
Christine M. Daley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Quit Attempts

African Americans bear a disproportionate health burden from smoking but are less likely than other populations to engage in cessation treatment. Intervening on adult nonsmokers residing with a smoker might represent an innovative approach to motivate smokers to engage in smoking behavior change. Twelve focus groups were conducted with African American smokers (four groups, n = 27), nonsmokers (four groups, n = 26) and pairs of cohabitating smokers and nonsmokers (four groups, n = 22) to assess attitudes and/or beliefs regarding engaging a nonsmoker in the home in smoking behavior change efforts. Participants ( N = 75) were middle-aged (45.1 ±3.7 years) females (68.0%) with 11.8 ±1.5 years of education. Smokers smoked 14.9 ±11.3 cigarettes per day, made 3.0 ±4.4 quit attempts in the past year, and are interested in receiving cessation assistance from a nonsmoker in their home. African American nonsmokers living with a smoker may be an appropriate target group to motivate smoking behavior change in the smoker. Suggestions for future research considerations are provided.

Differences in Smoking Topography and Subjective Responses to Smoking Among African American and White Menthol and Non-Menthol Smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1718-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Gunawan ◽  
Laura M Juliano
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Responses ◽  
Smoking Topography

Abstract Introduction It has been suggested that menthol increases exposure to harmful elements of smoking and makes smoking more rewarding, easier to initiate, and harder to quit. Isolating the direct effects of menthol is challenging as African American (AA) race and menthol preference are highly overlapping. This study evaluated smoking behavior and subjective responses among a balanced sample of AA and white menthol and non-menthol smokers. In addition, smoking topography (ST) was compared to naturalistic smoking (NS) and interactions with menthol and race were explored. Aims and Methods Smokers (N = 100) smoked and rated their preferred brand of cigarettes via ST or NS during two laboratory visits (counterbalanced). Results Controlling for baseline differences among the groups (eg, nicotine dependence), menthol smokers took shorter and smaller puffs and AA smokers took longer puffs, but there were no differences in total puff volume, carbon monoxide, or other ST parameters. Menthol smokers reported greater urge reduction and lower sensory stimulation. The smoking method (ST vs. NS) had no effects on smoking behavior or exposure. Cigarettes smoked via ST were rated stronger. Differences in satisfaction based on the smoking method interacted with race and menthol status. Ratings of aversion differed by race and menthol status. Conclusions Menthol was not associated with increased smoke exposure or reward (except for urge reduction). ST caused minimal experimental reactivity relative to NS. Additional research that isolates the effects of menthol and examines potential interactive effects with race and other variables is needed to better understand its role in smoking-related health disparities. Implications Menthol and non-menthol smokers differed on some demographic variables and menthol preference was associated with greater nicotine dependence and greater urge reduction after smoking. Menthol was not associated with greater smoke exposure. Future research that investigates the unique risks associated with menthol and examines potential interactive effects with race and other related variables is warranted to better understand the role of menthol in smoking-related health disparities.

scholarly journals How 'Afro-Americanophilia' became Polyphilia: Joachim-Ernst Berendt’s Journey from Jazz to “Weltmusik”

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wright Hurley
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
World Music ◽  
West Germany ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
African American Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
1960S And 1970S

This article contributes to our understanding of the continuities and disconnects in the way that ‘race,’ and in particular African-American culture, were conceived of in the long postwar era in West Germany. It does so by examining some salient racial aspects in the writings and production activities of West-German ‘jazz pope,’ Joachim-Ernst Berendt, between the late 1940s and the mid-1980s. I demonstrate that the late 1960s brought about a sharpening in talk concerning the racial ‘ownership’ of jazz, and that in these circumstances, Berendt proceeded beyond his earlier, liberal elaborations about jazz, race, and African-Americans to advance an inclusive, ecumenical model of ‘Weltmusik’ (world music). Germany’s National Socialist history figured in important ways in his conception of both jazz and then Weltmusik. Whilst he initially saw jazz as an antidote to National Socialism, by the late 1960s and 1970s, he regarded certain traits of jazz discourse to be, themselves, proto-fascist.  Far from being a boon, Afro-Americanophilia—or at least one strain of it—now became something from which to distance oneself. What was important for Berendt, as for others of his generation, was distance from the past, as much as seeking out racial Others in Germany, engaging with them on their own terms, and yielding to a new racial ‘relationships of representation’ (Stuart Hall). 

Lessons from the Past: Developing Allegiances for the Future

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Linda S. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
African American ◽  
Social Work ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Settlement House ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
African American Leaders

This article analyzes linkages among the 60 Settlement House workers and other white and African-American leaders of the Progressive Era who signed “The Call,” a media statement calling for aid for African Americans in 1908 that eventually led to development of the NAACP. The analysis demonstrates the value of linkage and shared resources for success of social movements during the Progressive Era. This article applies the discussion to issues facing social work today.

Understanding African Americans’ Attitudes toward Nonhuman Animals: Historical and Psychological Perspectives

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Kaitlynn S. Richardson ◽  
Kelly C. Burke ◽  
Kairra N. Brazley ◽  
Tayler M. Jones ◽  
Bette L. Bottoms
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Attitudes Toward Animals ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Students Attitudes

Abstract Historical and current literature is reviewed and social psychological theory is applied to support novel theories about African Americans’ attitudes toward nonhuman animals. Due to psychological reactions stemming from their brutal U.S. history, involving shared suffering with animals, African Americans are theorized to have either negative or positive beliefs about animals. Two studies revealed the latter: that African Americans have positive attitudes toward animals overall, as measured by a new, statistically reliable Attitudes toward Animals Scale. In Study 1, African American university students’ attitudes were somewhat less positive than White students’ attitudes, but in Study 2, older African American community members’ attitudes were more positive than Whites’. This cross-study difference, however, results from less positive White attitudes in Study 2, rather than from any important difference in African Americans’ attitudes across the two samples. The results and unique theoretical framework pave the way for future research on this important issue.

Preparing for Racial Discrimination and Moving beyond Reactive Coping: a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
R.C.T. DeLapp ◽  
M.T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Racial Stressors ◽  
Future Research Directions

Racial discrimination is a commonly experienced stressor among African American that occurs in various forms. The stressful qualities of racial discrimination are highlighted by how such events are often cognitively appraised and the negative mental health outcomes associated with such racial stressors. Traditionally, existing conceptual models of racial discrimination have characterized the reactive experiences of African Americans, particularly identifying how African American typically respond cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally. Moving forward, it is vital that the conceptual models of racial discrimination extend beyond the reactive experience and further identify nuances in the anticipatory and preparatory processes associated with racial discrimination. As such, the current review draws upon a model of proactive coping (Aspinwall & Taylor, 1997) to begin conceptualizes how African American may cope with anticipated discriminatory experiences and propose future research directions for generating conceptual models that more comprehensively capture experiences of racial stress among African Americans.

scholarly journals The Nickel: A History of African-Descended People in Houston’s Fifth Ward

Genealogy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Denise Frazier
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Port City ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

This paper will chronicle the unique stories that have come to exemplify the larger experience of Fifth Ward as a historically African American district in a rapidly changing city, Houston. Fifth Ward is a district submerged in the Southern memory of a sprawling port city. Its 19th century inception comprised of residents from Eastern Europe, Russia, and other religious groups who were fleeing persecution. Another way to describe Fifth Ward is much closer to the Fifth Ward that I knew as a child—an African American Fifth Ward and, more personally, my grandparents’ neighborhood. The growing prosperity of an early 20th century oil-booming Houston had soon turned the neighborhood into an economic haven, attracting African Americans from rural Louisiana and east Texas. Within the past two decades, Latino communities have populated the area, transforming the previously majority African American ward. Through a qualitative familial research review of historic documents, this paper contains a cultural and economic analysis that will illustrate the unique legacies and challenges of its past and present residents. I will center my personal genealogical roots to connect with larger patterns of change over time for African Americans in this distinct cultural ward.

scholarly journals Rebirth of a Nation: Frederick Douglass as Postwar Founder in Life and Times

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD TANG
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Frederick Douglass ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Colored People ◽  
White Resistance ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Centennial Celebrations

In 1875, a year from the upcoming centennial celebrations, Frederick Douglass commemorated the African American presence in the nation's revolutionary past and Reconstruction present. “If … any man should ask me what colored people have to do with the Fourth of July, my answer is ready,” he proclaimed to a black audience in Washington, DC. “Colored people have had something to do with almost everything of vital importance in the life and progress of this great country” from its beginnings in 1776 to its greatest test in 1861 and beyond. Douglass drew upon the Revolution's legacies of liberty and democracy, urging his listeners to meet the challenge of incorporating themselves into the nation's citizenry despite sustained white resistance. Albeit a tall order, he placed this agenda in a broader perspective: “The fathers of this Republic … had their trial ninety-nine years ago. The colored citizens of this Republic are about to have their trial now.” The moment was full of possibilities: African Americans, he emphasized, faced comparable obstacles and hardships much like the founders themselves. Implied too within Douglass's invocation of the revolutionaries was the potential heroism and accomplishments of which African Americans were similarly capable, just as they had proven in the past.

The Past Is Prologue: African American Opinion toward Undocumented Immigration

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 389-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatishe M. Nteta
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Undocumented Immigration ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Immigrants ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the 2011 Multi-State Survey on Race and Politics (Parker 2011), I ask if African American1opinion toward undocumented immigration mirrors African American opinion toward immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I find evidence that contemporary African American opinion does reflect the manner in which a previous generation of African Americans reacted to immigrant newcomers. More specifically, I find that factors associated with past reactions to new immigration, most notably political and economic competition, egalitarianism, the belief that new immigrants are distancing themselves from African Americans, and the belief that restrictive immigration policies were fueled by racism, continue to predict contemporary African American opinion on undocumented immigration. Taken together, I take my findings as evidence that the past may be prologue in accounting for black opinion toward the newest wave of immigration.

scholarly journals Older Latinx and African Americans’ Experiences of Civic Participation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 727-728
Author(s):  
Laurent Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract By 2030 Latinx and African Americans are expected to be the largest non-White groups of older adults. In the past 20 years, older adults’ civic participation has received considerable attention. However, until now most scholarship has focused on formal volunteerism and voting, activities that remain inaccessible to many marginalized groups. As a consequence, other civic activities are going unrecognized. The aim of this study is to understand how civic participation is experienced throughout the lives of 24 African American and Latinx adults 60+ living in New Jersey. Because civic participation is a concept that has many names and meanings depending on culture, language, and history I employ photo-elicitation techniques followed by in-depth interviews to understand civic participation through participants’ lens. Findings from this study can serve to improve conceptualizations and measurements of civic participation for future studies and inform efforts to strengthen civic participation among these populations. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Qualitative Research Interest Group.

scholarly journals Analysis of trends in race and gender disparities in incidence-based mortality in patients diagnosed with soft tissue sarcomas from 2000 to 2016.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23549-e23549
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Priyanka Pappoppula ◽  
Germame Hailegiorgis Ajebo ◽  
Justin Yeh ◽  
Picon Hector ◽  
Allan N. Krutchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
And Gender

e23549 Background: The clinical course of soft tissue sarcomas is often dependent on the grade of the tumor. The incidence of soft tissue sarcomas have been known to be higher in males compared to females and more in African Americans compared to Caucasians (1995 to 2008 SEER data). The variability of incidence-based mortality in low grade and high grade soft tissue sarcomas with respect to gender and race over the past decade has not been well studied. This study analyzes the rates of incidence-based mortality from the years 2000 to 2016 amongst for both the grades, genders and racial groups. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database was queried to conduct a nation-wide analysis for the years 2000 to 2016. Incidence-based mortality for all stages of low grade and high grade soft tissue sarcomas was queried and the results were grouped by race (Caucasian/White vs African American/Black) and gender. All stages and ages were included in the analysis and trend from 2000 to 2016 was analyzed. Results: Incidence-based mortality rates (per 10000) for low grade and high grade soft tissue sarcomas for both races and genders are shown in the table below. The incidence-based mortality rates for Caucasians are similar to African American in both grades and genders. Rates were not analyzed for American Indian and Asian/Pacific Islanders due to small sample size. Mortality rates of high grade soft tissue sarcomas were significantly higher compared to low grade tumors. A higher rate of mortality is noted in Caucasian males compared to African Americans males despite past observations of higher incidence in African Americans. There was no significant change in the rate when trended over the past decade (2007 to 2016). Conclusions: This study highlights the higher rate of incidence-based mortality in Caucasian males compared to African American males in the past 15 years despite a lower incidence reported in the 1995 to 2008 period. With no significant change in mortality rates/year noted during this time period, this study implies that soft tissue sarcomas in Caucasian males have worse outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism underlying this disparity. [Table: see text]

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