scholarly journals Upper cervical range of rotation during the flexion-rotation test is age dependent: an observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2096413
Author(s):  
Axel Georg Meender Schäfer ◽  
Thomas Schöttker-Königer ◽  
Toby Maxwell Hall ◽  
Ilias Mavroidis ◽  
Christoph Roeben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotation Test ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Cervical Rotation

Background: The flexion-rotation test (FRT) is widely used to detect movement dysfunction in the spinal segment C1/C2, especially in patients with cervicogenic headache. The current published literature indicates that range recorded during the FRT is not age dependent. This is questionable, considering the well documented relationship between aging and degeneration in the cervical spine and loss of cervical movement in older people. The present study therefore aims to examine the influence of age on FRT mobility, and to provide normative values for different age groups. An additional aim is to examine the influence of age on the ratio between lower and upper cervical rotation mobility. Methods: For this cross-sectional, observational study, healthy subjects aged from 18 to 90 years were recruited. The upper cervical range of rotation during the FRT was measured using a digital goniometer. Personal data including age, weight, height, and lifestyle factors were also assessed. Results: A total of 230 (124 male) healthy, asymptomatic subjects, aged between 18 and 87 years were included. Regression analysis showed that 27.91% ( p < 0.0001) of the variance in FRT mobility can be explained by age alone, while 41.28% ( p < 0.0001) of the variance in FRT mobility can be explained by age and total cervical range of motion (ROM). Normative values for different age decades were calculated using regression analysis. No significant influence of age on the ratio between ROM of lower and upper cervical rotation was found. There was no relevant impact of personal (gender, height, and weight) and lifestyle (smartphone and PC use) factors on ROM during the FRT. Conclusion: Upper cervical rotation mobility determined by the FRT correlates strongly with age; hence, the results of the FRT have to be interpreted taking into account the individual age of the tested subject. The ratio between lower and upper cervical rotation mobility is maintained in all age groups.

NORMATIVE VALUES OF BILATERAL SHOULDER ROTATION FLEXIBILITY FOR NIGERIANS USING SHOULDER ROTATION TEST

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1950004
Author(s):  
Babatunde Olusola Adeleke Adegoke ◽  
Adeniyi Ademola Fowowe
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotation Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Context: Dearth of normative data for bilateral shoulder rotation flexibility (BSRF) for Nigerians is currently a limitation in screening of athletes and patient management. Aims: This study was designed to generate normative values for BSRF among healthy Nigerians of different age groups using the shoulder rotation test (SRT). Settings and Design: A four-stage sampling technique was used in recruiting 4000 (male [Formula: see text] 2048; female [Formula: see text] 1952) participants into this cross-sectional descriptive survey. Methods and Material: Participants aged between 5 and 64 years were grouped into 12 age strata. Participants' BSRF was measured using the Acuflex III flexibility tester. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and percentiles. Results: Participants' mean age was 24.22 [Formula: see text] 14.65 years. Participants’ BSRF increased with age thus indicating reduced flexibility with age. In the twelve age groups of 5–9, 10–14, 15–19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59 and 60–64, the BSRF for the male participants were 26.29 [Formula: see text] 12.64cm, 37.95 [Formula: see text] 16.15cm, 54.33 [Formula: see text] 21.08cm, 58.21 [Formula: see text] 23.01cm, 65.50 [Formula: see text] 22.67cm, 74.75 [Formula: see text] 17.06cm, 74.42 [Formula: see text] 17.06cm, 77.97 [Formula: see text] 16.38cm, 81.26 [Formula: see text] 14.88cm, 82.77 [Formula: see text] 14.42cm, 86.00 [Formula: see text] 14.82cm and 93.25 [Formula: see text] 12.73cm respectively. Those for female participants were 25.34 [Formula: see text] 12.28cm, 41.12 [Formula: see text] 15.48cm, 50.46 [Formula: see text] 18.60cm, 49.19 [Formula: see text] 19.75cm, 58.26 [Formula: see text] 17.16cm, 62.40 [Formula: see text] 16.72cm, 67.32 [Formula: see text] 18.50cm, 69.37 [Formula: see text] 17.14cm, 71.80 [Formula: see text] 15.18cm, 75.21 [Formula: see text] 15.57cm, 73.55 [Formula: see text] 14.09cm and 81.21 [Formula: see text] 10.89cm respectively. Males generally had higher scores (lesser flexibility) than females across the twelve age groups except for the 10–14 year age. The percentiles of the BSRF scores for the participants showed a steady increase in BSRF scores from age 5–9years to 60–64years. Conclusion: This study generated population-based normative values according to age and gender for BSRF using the SRT for healthy Nigerians.

scholarly journals Reference values and factors associated with hand grip strength among older adults living in southeastern Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej ◽  
Agnieszka Ćwirlej-Sozańska ◽  
Justyna Kilian ◽  
Natalia Wołoszyn ◽  
Bernard Sozański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractHandgrip strength (HGS) is used as a biomarker for the state of health of older people, but the number of research publications containing the normative values of HGS in older adult populations is limited. The aim of the study was to define reference values and factors associated with HGS in older adults living in southeastern Poland. A cross-sectional study including 405 participants aged 65 and older was conducted. Handgrip strength for the dominant hand was assessed by the average of three trials using a JAMAR dynamometer. The sample was categorized into the following age groups: 65–69 years, 70–74 years, 75–79 years, 80–84 years, 85 and over. The average HGS was 19.98 kg (16.91 kg for women and 26.19 kg for men). There was a decrease in handgrip strength across the age range in both sexes. The average handgrip strength of the older people was 17.97 kg (14.47 kg for women and 25.66 kg for men) for those aged 80–85 and 16.68 kg (13.51 kg for women and 21.77 kg for men) in the group over 85 years old. In both sexes, marital status was an independent factor associated with reduced handgrip strength. In conclusion, this study described, for the first time, handgrip strength values for the southeastern Polish population aged ≥ 65 years according to age and gender.

scholarly journals Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among the population of southern Kyrgyzstan - A cross-sectional observational study

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-746
Author(s):  
Tugolbai Tagaev ◽  
Farida Imanalieva ◽  
Sagynali Mamatov ◽  
Yethindra Vityala ◽  
Altynai Zhumabekova
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
People Group

Introduction and Aim: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by diminished bone strength that increases the risk of fracture in instances of trivial trauma. The objective was to conduct ultrasound bone densitometry in different age groups (18-60 years and older) in southern Kyrgyzstan, to identify and study the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis.   Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study a total of 1200 participants were included, where 580 men and 620 women were aged between 18-60 years and older. Based on the age, the participants were divided into three groups. Bone mineral density in participants was measured using a SONOST-3000 densitometer model. The study was conducted among the population of the Osh and Jalal-Abad regions.   Results: Among the population of Osh state in the first group, normal values were found in 65.0%, osteopenia in 26.0%, and osteoporosis in 9.0% of participants. In the second group, values were significantly higher than in the first group. In the third age group, values exceeded significantly compared to the first and second groups. Similar data were obtained from the population of Jalal-Abad state, but a significant difference was found in the elderly people group with a higher percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis.   Conclusion: The results showed the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in participants of different age categories of Osh and Jalal-Abad states, and especially in the elderly. Depending on the gender distribution, the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in our study is significantly higher in women than in men.

scholarly journals Taste function in children: normative values and associated factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam van den Brink ◽  
Irene IJpma ◽  
Marta Fiocco ◽  
Wim J. E. Tissing ◽  
Remco C. Havermans
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
List Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Taste Strips ◽  
Taste Dysfunction

Abstract Background Although less frequent than in adults, taste loss also occurs in childhood. “Taste Strips” are frequently used for diagnosing taste dysfunction; however, normative values are lacking for children. In this study, we will create normative values for the “Taste Strips” in children. Methods This cross-sectional study included 609 children aged 6–15 years. “Taste Strips” were used to determine sweet, sour, salty, and bitter taste scores by a non-forced procedure. The 10th percentile was used to distinguish normal taste function from a reduced sense of taste. Multivariable generalized linear models (GLM) were estimated to study the effect of age (group), sex, and 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) status on taste function. Results Taste function changed with age, allowing for a distinction of three age groups: (I) 6–7 years, (II) 8–9 years, and (III) 10–15 years. Normative values were created for the age groups and boys and girls separately. Additionally, GLM showed a significant effect of (1) age (group) on sweet, salty, bitter, and total taste scores; (2) sex on sweet, sour, and total taste scores; and (3) PROP status on total taste scores. Conclusions This study provided normative values for the “Taste Strips” in children, highlighting age- and sex-related differences. Impact Taste dysfunction can be harmful and impacts quality of life, a topic that became increasingly important since the COVID-19 pandemic. Although taste dysfunction is thought to be rare in childhood, the detrimental impact of such dysfunction might be large, as children’s eating habits are strongly influenced by input from the chemical senses. Measuring taste function may elucidate the relationship between taste dysfunction and disease, fostering the development of more appropriate supportive strategies. However, adequate tools are lacking for children. Normative values of the “Taste Strips” are now available for children, which bolster the clinical utility of this test.

scholarly journals Normal interpupillary, inner canthal distance and outer canthal distance in a normal population of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nausheen Hayat ◽  
Saba Alkhairy ◽  
Alyscia Cheema ◽  
Muneeb Ehsan ◽  
Muhammad Athar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Normal Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study was conducted to quantify the normal indices of anthropometric measures related to ophthalmology including Interpupillary distance (IPD), Inner canthal distance (ICD), Outer canthal distance (OCD) in a normal, healthy Pakistani population. Methods: This is a cross sectional study. Total 500 patients were chosen randomly but 499 were included in this study. Patients were selected randomly in an outpatient department of Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre Karachi, over the period of five months. IPD, ICD & OCD all measurements were taken with the help of plastic rule by only one researcher to minimize chances of error as much as possible. IPD was reconfirmed from auto refractometer while ICD and OCD readings were taken twice by occluding one eye of researcher to reduce error. Participants were divided into four categories on basis of: Age, Gender, ethnicity and geographical location. Patients were further categorized on basis of Ethnicity to Urdu Speaking, Sindhi, Punjabi, Pathan, and others. Moreover, four age groups were drawn ranging from 15-24 years, 25-44 years, 45-64 years and 65 years and greater. Results: Our study comprised a total of 499 patents of which 272(54.5%) were males, and 227(45.5%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 39.3 ± 14.5 years. The mean values for the IPD, ICD and OCD in mm were 61.8 ± 6.2, 30.9 ± 2.9 and 85.2 ± 6.6 respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between IPD, ICD and OCD Indices among male and female study participants (p<0.001, p=0.043, p<0.001). While comparing the IPD, ICD and OCD indices amongst the different ethnic groups, we found no statistically significant difference (p=0.09. p=0.28, p=0.06). Overall, there was no correlation between the age and other variables i.e. IPD, ICD, OCD, (r = 0.07, p = 0.085), (r = 0.005, p = 0.906), (r = -0.08, p = 0.058). Conclusion: This work has recommended normative values of IPD, ICD and OCD in Pakistani population on the basis different variables including gender, age, and ethnicity. How to cite this:Hayat N, Alkhairy S, Cheema A, Ehsan M, Khan MA. Normal interpupillary, inner canthal distance and outer canthal distance in a normal population of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.288 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals The association between onset, frequency, duration of seizure and IQ level in epileptic children

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Yulia Yulia ◽  
Sjarif Hidayat Effendi ◽  
Budi Setiabudiawan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Seizure Frequency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Statistic Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epileptic Children ◽  
Low Iq

Background Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder found inall races and age groups. Epilepsy becomes a serious problem when occurs during the child's critical development period. It is known that onset, frequency, and duration of seizures are associated with IQ level. Therefore, intelligent assessment is important to determine prognostic and holistic management.Objective To determine the association between onset, frequency, duration of seizure and IQ level in epileptic children.Methods This cross sectional study was carried out at theDepartment of Child Health, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung,Indonesia from October to December 2007. The subjects wereepileptic children aged 4-16 years old being treated with valproicacid. Statistic analysis was done using logistic regression analysis, OR and RR, with 95% confidence interval.Results There were 90 subjects with epilepsy (46 males). Twentysubjects (22%) showed onset of seizures at < 18 months old; these subjects had 3.08 higher risk for having a low IQ level (score <90) compared to those with seizure onset at~ 18 months old (P=0.003). Sixty subjects (67%) had a seizure frequency of> 10 times annually; they had 1.68 higher risk of having a low IQcompared to those with seizure frequency< 10 times (P=0.430).Seven subjects (28.0%) had seizures of> 10 minutes; they had 1.17 higher risk of having a low IQ compared to those with seizures of < 10 minutes (P=0.706).Conclusion Onset of seizures at < 18 months old is significantlyassociated with low IQ level, while frequency and durationof seizure have no significant association with lower IQ level.

scholarly journals Assessment of Predictors of Hyperkalemia in Cardiovascular Diseased Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Manasa R ◽  
Aksa Johnson ◽  
Presly Thomas Augustine ◽  
Anjana Tom
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose: The objective is to determine the predictors of hyperkalaemia, severity of hyperkalaemia and to access the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases Methodology: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on the predictors of hyperkalaemia in CVD patients, in a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 6 months. Results: Among 105 patients, there were 83 males and 22 females, the age group from 41-60 year shows more CVDs and 61-80 years aged patients are more prone to hyperkalaemia and shows more prevalent when compared to other age groups. The major risk factors of hyperkalaemia were Drugs (30.23%), Disease (58.13%), and Drug interactions (11.62%).Among the cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial Infarction (38%) were the most common type of CVD, while in hyperkalaemia Ischemic Heart Disease (48.83%) were more prevalent. The severity of hyperkalaemia is measured as Mild (60.46%), Moderate (37.20%), and Severe (2.32%). Conclusion: The present study was carried out in order to assess the predictors, prevalence and severity of hyperkalaemia in cardiovascular disease patients. Our study concluded that patients with cardiovascular disease can have an increased risk of hyperkalaemia. Keywords:  CVD, Hyperkalaemia, Cross sectional observational study, Predictors, Prevalence, Severity.

scholarly journals Quantile Regression Analysis of Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Predictors of Stroke among Adults in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
Delson Chikobvu ◽  
Lyness Matizirofa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Quantile Regression Analysis

Background: Stroke is the second largest cause of mortality and long-term disability in South Africa (SA). Stroke is a multifactorial disease regulated by modifiable and non-modifiable predictors. Little is known about the stroke predictors in SA, particularly modifiable and non-modifiable. Identification of stroke predictors using appropriate statistical methods can help formulate appropriate health programs and policies aimed at reducing the stroke burden. This study aims to address important gaps in stroke literature i.e., identifying and quantifying stroke predictors through quantile regression analysis. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was used to identify and quantify stroke predictors in SA using 35730 individual patient data retrieved from selected private and public hospitals between January 2014 and December 2018. Ordinary logistic regression models often miss critical aspects of the relationship that may exist between stroke and its predictors. Quantile regression analysis was used to model the effects of each predictor on stroke distribution. Results: Of the 35730 cases of stroke, 22183 were diabetic. The dominant stroke predictors were diabetes, hypertension, heart problems, the female gender, higher age groups and black race. The age group 55-75 years, female gender and black race, had a bigger effect on stroke distribution at the lower upper quantiles. Diabetes, hypertension and cholesterol showed a significant impact on stroke distribution (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Most strokes are attributable to modifiable factors. Study findings will be used to raise awareness of modifiable predictors to prevent strokes. Regular screening and treatment are recommended for high-risk individuals with identified predictors in SA.

An Examination of the Oculomotor Metrics within a Suite of Digitized Eye Tracking Tests

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Murry ◽  
Karla Kubitz ◽  
Claire-Marie Roberts ◽  
Melissa Hunfalvay ◽  
Takumi Bolte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Characteristics

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of oculomotor metrics in healthy individuals, to determine the normative values through cluster analysis, and to compare oculomotor metrics by age groups in a suite of digitized eye tracking tests. Design Experimental cross sectional Participants A large sample of 2993 participants completed RightEye tests. Results These tests demonstrated acceptable or higher reliability on 85% of the eye movement metrics and the clustering analysis distinguished 5 distinct age groups. Furthermore, group differences were found between age clusters. Conclusions Overall, the findings represent the reliability of a computerized oculomotor measure and the importance to consider individual and group characteristics for clinical applications as well as applied settings.

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