scholarly journals Phytochemical Investigations of Laurel Fruits (Laurus nobilis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986887
Author(s):  
Zhana Petkova ◽  
Galina Stefanova ◽  
Tania Girova ◽  
Ginka Antova ◽  
Magdalena Stoyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Dimorphic Yeast ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Bay laurel ( Laurus nobilis L.) is an evergreen tree. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition (polyphenols, essential oil [EO], lipid fraction, cellulose, and protein content) of laurel fruits collected from Greece (Mount Athos) and Georgia (the village of Meria), and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of laurel fruit EOs. The major phenolic acids in the fruits from Greece were p-coumaric acid (free 261.6 µg/g) and vanillic acid (free 253.1 µg/g and conjugated 925.8 µg/g). The major phenolic acids in fruits from Georgia were vanillic acid (free 105.6 µg/g and caffeic acid [conjugated 439.2 µg/g], and syringic acid [conjugated 390.7 µg/g]). The laurel fruit EOs from Greece (1.4% content) and Georgia (1.6%) had distinct composition. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the dominant group of compounds in the EOs, with 49.7% in the EO from Greece and 68.7% in the EO from Georgia. The major constituents of the fruit EO from Greece were 1,8-cineole (18.2%), α-phellandrene (15.0 %), β-pinene (9.4%), and α -pinene (9.1%), whereas the ones from Georgia were trans-β-ocimene (59.4%) and 1,8-cineole (7.6%). Laurel fruit EO from Greece and Georgia demonstrated low to moderate antimicrobial activity against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms and the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. The main fatty acids (FAs) in the lipid fractions were oleic, palmitic, and linoleic; there were differences in FA composition between the shells and the seeds of the fruits from the two countries. γ-Тocopherol predominated in the tocopherol fraction of the lipids from fruits shells and seeds from Greece (65.3% and 54.4%, respectively), whereas β-tocopherol predominated in fruits shells and seeds from Georgia (93.7% and 45.6%, respectively). Currently underutilized, the laurel fruits from both Greece and Georgia contain various valuable compounds that may potentially be used for perfumery, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications.

HPTLC-densitometric determination and kinetic studies on antioxidant potential of monomeric phenolic acids (MPAs) from Bergenia species

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (95) ◽  
pp. 52647-52657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishi Srivastava ◽  
Amit Srivastava ◽  
S. Srivastava ◽  
A. K. S. Rawat ◽  
A. R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Hptlc Method

We developed a HPTLC method for the quantification of vanillic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid and protocatechuic acid and kinetic studies on antioxidant potential in Bergenia ciliata and Bergenia stracheyi.

scholarly journals A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON BARLERIA PRIONITIS (L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamini Singh ◽  
Deepika Sharma ◽  
Gupta Rs
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Aerial Parts

Barleria prionitis is a famous perennial plant commonly known as porcupine flower or Vajradanti. It is a shrub with yellow flowers and two flat seeds shielded with matted hairs, inhabit most parts of India. Various parts of the plant such as leaves, roots, aerial parts, flowers, and stems are used in the traditional system of medicine. Conventionally, various infusions are prepared using the plant parts and utilized for the treatment of different kinds of diseases. Owing to its incredible odontalgic property, it is extensively used in treating bleeding gums and toothache. From the pharmacological point, the plant has been effectively screened for antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antifertility, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, anticancer, and anticataract activities. Compounds such as tannins, saponins, glycosides, phenolic acids, phytosterols, and terpenes have been identified in the plant. The plant contains some specific compounds such as barlenoside, barlerine, acetylbarlerine, and balarenone and some common secondary metabolites such as lupeol, β-sitosterol, vanillic acid, and syringic acid. This review provides morphological, ethnomedical, pharmacological, and phytochemical data of the plant B. prionitis.

scholarly journals Bioactive Lipids of Marine Microalga Chlorococcum sp. SABC 012504 with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-thrombotic Activities

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Katie Shiels ◽  
Alexandros Tsoupras ◽  
Ronan Lordan ◽  
Constantina Nasopoulou ◽  
Ioannis Zabetakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Microalgae are at the start of the food chain, and many are known producers of a significant amount of lipids with essential fatty acids. However, the bioactivity of microalgal lipids for anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities have rarely been investigated. Therefore, for a sustainable source of the above bioactive lipids, the present study was undertaken. The total lipids of microalga Chlorococcum sp., isolated from the Irish coast, were fractionated into neutral-, glyco-, and phospho-lipids, and were tested in vitro for their anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities. All tested lipid fractions showed strong anti-platelet-activating factor (PAF) and antithrombin activities in human platelets (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging ~25–200 μg of lipid) with the highest activities in glyco- and phospho-lipid fractions. The structural analysis of the bioactive lipid fraction-2 revealed the presence of specific sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols (SQDG) bioactive molecules and the HexCer-t36:2 (t18:1/18:1 and 18:2/18:0) cerebrosides with a phytosphingosine (4-hydrosphinganine) base, while fraction-3 contained bioactive phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules. These novel bioactive lipids of Chlorococcum sp. with putative health benefits may indicate that marine microalgae can be a sustainable alternative source for bioactive lipids production for food supplements and nutraceutical applications. However, further studies are required towards the commercial technology pathways development and biosafety analysis for the use of the microalga.

scholarly journals Effects of Drying Methods on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Potentials of Phenolic Acids in Lovage Elicited by Jasmonic Acid and Yeast Extract

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Urszula Złotek ◽  
Sławomir Lewicki ◽  
Anna Markiewicz ◽  
Urszula Szymanowska ◽  
Anna Jakubczyk
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Simulated Digestion ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inhibition Ability

The study presents the effect of drying methods (traditional, convection, microwave, and freeze-drying) on the content and bioactivity (determined as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative potential) of potentially bioavailable fractions of phenolic acids contained in lovage elicited with jasmonic acid (JA) and yeast extract (YE) and in untreated control leaves. The highest amount of syringic acid was recorded in the convectionally dried lovage samples, while ethanolic extracts from lyophilized lovage had the highest content of protocatechuic and caffeic acids. The drying method significantly influenced the tested properties only in some cases. The traditional drying resulted in lower antioxidant potential, while convectional drying caused a reduction of the lipoxygenase inhibition ability of the samples after simulated digestion. Samples containing the control and elicited lovage leaves dried with convectional and traditional methods exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against a prostate cancer epithelial cell line.

Antimicrobial activity of phenolic acids against commensal, probiotic and pathogenic bacteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 372-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cueva ◽  
M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas ◽  
Pedro J. Martín-Álvarez ◽  
Gerald Bills ◽  
M. Francisca Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria

Continuous in vitro culture of Babesia divergens in a serum-free medium

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. GRANDE ◽  
E. PRECIGOUT ◽  
M. L. ANCELIN ◽  
K. MOUBRI ◽  
B. CARCY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Specific Lipids ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Babesia Divergens ◽  
Lipid Fractions

Babesia divergens was cultivated in RPMI 1640 (25 mM HEPES) supplemented with 10% human serum (RPMI-10% HS) with a high percentage of parasitized erythrocytes (PPE) ([ges ]40%). Standardization of in vitro tests, purification of exoantigens, biochemical studies and the safety of the culture handler motivated the development of a serum-free defined medium. Removal of serum greatly reduced the PPE but, after a period of adaptation, the culture was continuous and the parasite was able to develop a 3% routine PPE. Addition of vitamins or reduced glutathione in basal medium (RPMI) did not improve the PPE. The supplementation of basal medium with lipidic carrier (Albumax I or bovine serum albumin–Cohn's fraction V) promoted the growth of B. divergens with high PPE (>30%) close to those obtained in RPMI–10% HS. Neither protein nor lipid fractions alone were able to restore the growth of B. divergens. Nevertheless, the whole lipid fraction from serum or Albumax I added to delipidated albumin partially restored the growth (7% PPE), indicating that the presentation of specific lipids by a carrier is crucial for the parasite. All the data indicate that Albumax I can replace human serum offering the advantages of safety, standardization for chemosensitivity tests, and exoantigen purification.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalga Laminaria hyperborea, Using Off-Line SPE and GC-MS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Oksdøl Foseid ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Yngve Stenstrøm ◽  
Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Fractions

A thorough analysis and comparison of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from Laminaria hyperborea, a kelp species found in the northern Atlantic, is presented. Lipids were extracted and fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids, then derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters prior to GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the n-3 fatty acids α-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. An n-6/n-3 ratio of 0.8:1 was found in blade and 3.5:1 in stipe, respectively. The ratios vary between the lipid fractions within stipe and blade, with the lowest ratio in the polar lipid fraction of blade. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe, and the highest amounts of n-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from L. hyperborea. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the n-6/n-3-ratio, is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries this can be of importance for production and sale of different health products. Additionally, lipids are today among the unused by products of alginate production, exploiting this material for commercial interest should give both economical and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Influence of the method of disintegration of biomass of microalga Chlorella sorokiniana on the production of lipid fraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Smyatskaya ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Politaeva ◽  
Amira Toumi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection Of

This article discusses the effect of the disintegration of the cell wall of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana on the output of the lipid fraction. The biomass of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana was grown under laboratory conditions in special photobioreactors at a temperature of 25 °C, with a constant aeration of a mixture of carbon dioxide and air at a rate of 1.5 liters/min, illumination 2200-2800 Lx. Nutrient medium for cultivation contained macro – and micronutrients for high-speed growth of microalgae. Selection of optimal cultivation parameters allows obtaining biomass with desired properties. Disintegration was carried out with the homogenization of biomass and under the influence of microwave radiation. Extraction of lipids was carried out on a semi-automatic extractor according to the Randall method, using organic solvents. The output of the lipid fraction without treatment was 10.18% after the destruction of the cell wall 14.45% with the homogenization of biomass and 13.85% under the influence of microwave radiation. A qualitative analysis of the lipid fraction, carried out under gas chromatography, obtained under various conditions showed that there was no significant difference in composition from the disintegration method. Lipid fractions (more than 50%) in both cases consist mainly of unsaturated fatty acids, of which irreplaceable unsaturated fatty acids constitute more than 18% for both samples. The residual biomass formed after the extraction of the lipid fraction can be used as fertilizer in the plant, for the manufacture of sorption materials for the purification of industrial water and as a biofuel. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of cell wall disintegration on the output of the lipid fraction and qualitative composition.

scholarly journals In-vitro Assessment of Biological Properties of Lipids Isolated from Gonads of Stomopneustes variolaris

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Anti Fungal

Lipid fractions of gonads present in sea urchins serves as a source of bioactive agents with potent pharmaceutical properties. The present study reports the in-vitro biological effects of lipids isolated from gonads of sea urchin: Stomopneustes variolaris collected from the East coast of India. The extracted lipids were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as GCMS and FTIR and tested for in-vitro biological effects. GCMS analysis of the lipid extract detected high levels of hexa triacontane (17.023 %), tetratetracontane (15.913%), and octacosane (15.628%) and low concentrations of oleic acid (2.206%) and sulfurous acid, pentadecy 2-propyl ester (1.744%). FTIR analysis identified rich composition of functional groups present in the lipids such as 3418.93 cm-1 (hydroxyl), 2921.08cm-1 and 2854.81 cm-1 (alkane), 2660.69 cm-1 (carboxylic acid), 1596.11 cm-1 (amine), 1291.76 cm-1 (aromatic amine). The lipid fraction evaluated by agar diffusion assay measured in terms of zone of inhibition showed bactericidal effects against gram-positive bacteria: Streptococcus aureus (30 mm); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.5 mm) and gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (29.5 mm); Klebsiella pneumonia (27.5 mm) and Vibrio cholera (28 mm) respectively. The lipid fraction also showed an effective anti-fungal effect against C.albicans (25 mm). Further, the lipid fractions showed good radical scavenging effect against total phenolic, flavonoid content (15.12 mg GAE/g and 32.72 mg QE/g), and hydrogen peroxide radicals (IC50- 48.28mg/ml) confirming its anti-oxidant potential. Based on the observed results, it was identified that the lipid fraction of gonads of Stomopneustes variolaris demonstrated various biological effects such as bactericidal, anti-fungal and radical scavenging activities which could have a great scope in the formulation of biopharmaceutical agents.

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