scholarly journals Body composition and cardiometabolic health of pediatric patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) under burosumab therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204201882110011
Author(s):  
Avivit Brener ◽  
Yael Lebenthal ◽  
Roxana Cleper ◽  
Livia Kapusta ◽  
Leonid Zeitlin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Fat Percentage

Background: Burosumab, a recombinant anti-FGF23 monoclonal antibody, was recently introduced as a treatment for X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). Burosumab normalizes blood phosphate levels, thereby healing rickets, decreasing leg bowing, and reducing pain. We aimed to explore the body composition and cardiometabolic health of pediatric patients with XLH treated with burosumab. Methods: This observational real-life study was conducted on growing children and adolescents. The outcome measures included changes in sex- and age-adjusted anthropometric and body composition parameters [fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR)], blood pressure, laboratory evaluation, and radiographic rickets severity [Thacher Rickets Severity Score (TRSS)]. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Percentiles for FFM% and ASMM% were calculated according to BIA pediatric reference curves. The delta variable was calculated as the variable at 12 months minus the variable at baseline. Results: A total of 15 pediatric patients with XLH are treated in our clinic; included in the analyses were 7 children and adolescents (3 males, mean age 8.7 ± 3.2 years) with XLH without comorbidities. Baseline BIA revealed an unfavorable physique, with increased body fat percentage in five patients and decreased muscle mass in six. Indices of lean body mass significantly increased after 6 and 12 months of treatment: FFM(kg) ( p = 0.001, p = 0.046, respectively) and ASMM(kg) ( p = 0.012, p = 0.034, respectively), without any significant change in FM(kg). The percentile of ASMM% increased significantly after 6 months of treatment ( p = 0.006) and stabilized thereafter. TRSS improved significantly after 12 months of therapy ( p = 0.005). Age was positively correlated with delta TRSS ( r = 0.814, p = 0.026), and delta TRSS was negatively correlated with delta MFR ( r = −0.826, p = 0.022). Conclusions: There was a heretofore unrecognized improvement in body composition of growing children and adolescents with XLH who were treated with burosumab. These findings highlight the need to initiate burosumab treatment at a younger age when rickets is less severe.

Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽  
Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽  
Thalita Ponce ◽  
Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

Body composition in psychotic disorders: a general population survey

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Saarni ◽  
S. I. Saarni ◽  
M. Fogelholm ◽  
M. Heliövaara ◽  
J. Perälä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
General Population ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundThe literature suggests an association between obesity and schizophrenia but fat mass and fat-free mass, which have been shown to be more predictive of all-cause mortality than only waist circumference and obesity [body mass index (BMI) ⩾30 kg/m2], have not been reported in psychotic disorders. We examined the detailed body composition of people with different psychotic disorders in a large population-based sample.MethodWe used a nationally representative sample of 8082 adult Finns aged ⩾30 years with measured anthropometrics (height, weight, waist circumference, fat percentage, fat-free mass and segmental muscle mass). Psychiatric diagnoses were based on a consensus procedure utilizing the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)-interview, case-notes and comprehensive register data.ResultsSchizophrenia (including schizo-affective disorder) was associated with obesity [odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–3.6], abdominal obesity (waist circumference ⩾88 cm for women, ⩾102 cm for men) (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.6) and with higher fat percentage (mean difference 3.8%, 95% CI 2.0–5.7%), adjusted for age and gender, than in the remaining sample. The associations between schizophrenia and low fat-free mass and decreased muscle mass on trunk and upper limbs became statistically significant after adjusting for BMI. After further adjusting for current antipsychotic medication, education, diet and smoking, schizophrenia remained associated with obesity (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.6) and abdominal obesity (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.5–9.4). Participants with affective psychoses did not differ from the general population.ConclusionsIndividuals with schizophrenia have metabolically unfavorable body composition, comprising abdominal obesity, high fat percentage and low muscle mass. This leads to increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Differences in body composition between young soccer players (U19) members of the best soccer clubs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and North Macedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Jovan Gardasevic ◽  
Dusko Bjelica ◽  
Ivan Vasiljevic ◽  
Bojan Masanovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Post Hoc

Background and Study Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the differences between the young soccer players (U19) in terms of anthropometric characteristics and body composition. We considered players of three the most successful clubs in three countries of the southern region of the Balkan Peninsula. Material and Methods: The first sub-sample of the subjects was consisted of 19 players of FC Radnicki from Serbia of the average age 17.84±.37. The second sub-sample was consisted of 19 players of FC Sarajevo from Bosnia and Herzegovina of the average age of 17.53±.51. The last sub-sample of the examinees was consisted of 13 players of FC Shkupi from North Macedonia of the average age 18.00±.00. Anthropometric characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables. The significance of the differences between the young soccer players in the anthropometric characteristics and variables for assessing body composition were determined by ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc test. Results: The young soccer players of the three mentioned clubs have statistically significant differences by the two variables that estimate fat percentage and muscle mass. The young soccer players of FC Radnicki are significantly better in variable fat percentage than other players. The young soccer players of FC Skhupi have significantly less muscle mass than other players. Conclusions: The results can be useful for coaches of other clubs for making a comparison of their soccer players with the young soccer players in this research.

scholarly journals The effect of liver enzymes on body composition: a Mendelian randomization study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Xi Liu ◽  
Shiu Lun Au Yeung ◽  
Man Ki Kwok ◽  
June Yue Yan Leung ◽  
Lai Ling Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Uk

AbstractBackgroundHigher alanine transaminase (ALT) is positively associated with diabetes but inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) in Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, suggesting liver function may affect body composition. To clarify, we assessed the association of liver function with muscle and fat mass observationally with two-sample MR as a validation.MethodsIn the population-representative “Children of 1997” birth cohort, we used multivariable linear regression to assess the adjusted associations of ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (IU/L) at ~17.5 years with muscle mass (kg) and body fat percentage (%). Genetic variants predicting ALT, ALP and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) (100% change in concentration) were applied to fat-free and fat mass (kg) in the UK Biobank (n=~331,000) to obtain unconfounded estimates using MR.ResultsObservationally, ALT was positively associated with muscle mass (0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10 to 0.12) and fat percentage (0.15, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.17). ALP was inversely associated with muscle mass (−0.03, 95% CI −0.04 to −0.02) and fat percentage (−0.02, 95% CI −0.03 to −0.01). Using MR, ALT was inversely associated with fat-free mass (−0.41, 95% CI −0.64 to −0.19) and fat mass (−0.58, 95% CI −0.85 to −0.30). ALP was not clearly associated with body composition. GGT was positively associated with fat-free (0.30, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.06) and fat mass (0.41, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.71).ConclusionALT reducing fat-free mass provides a possible pathway for the positive association of ALT with diabetes, and suggests a potential target of intervention.

scholarly journals Milk consumption in childhood and adulthood and its effect on body composition

10.5219/1489 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1143-1148
Author(s):  
Kristína Jančichová ◽  
Martina Gažarová ◽  
Marta Habánová ◽  
Jana Kopčeková ◽  
Jana Mrázová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Throughout their life, people are exposed to many different types of milk. First, it is breast milk if infants are breastfed or special formula based on cow milk with modified composition if they are not breastfed. Later in life, it is recommended that humans consume the milk of other mammals as a source of highly valuable protein, calcium, and phosphorus. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of methods and duration of feeding in infancy and consumption of milk or milk alternatives in adulthood on body composition. We used a questionnaire of 21 specific questions to obtain information on breastfeeding and milk consumption. All 84 participants (18 men, 66 women; age 23.26 ±1.36) underwent measurement of body composition, using BIA methods (InBody 720). A comparison of the information from the questionnaire with the information from the body composition measurement was made. Significant differences were observed in visceral fat area (p = 0.048) and waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.022) according to duration of breastfeeding. Participants who were fed formula for a shorter time than 1 year (until 12 months of age) showed a higher percentage of body fat (p = 0.047). The fat percentage of milk was a significant factor for the waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.026). Participants consuming plant-based milk alternatives showed significant differences in waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.031) and body mass index (p = 0.015) and highly significant differences in weight (p <0.001) and fat-free mass (p <0.001). In conclusion, results show that the duration of breastfeeding may prevent the development of overweight and eventually obesity. Usage of infant formulas as an alternative to breast milk should be limited to those who are unable to breastfeed. The current consumption of milk indicates the benefits of whole milk in the diet but also shows increasing interest in the advantages of plant-based milk.

scholarly journals Dietary habits in the context of body composition of young adult females

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-347
Author(s):  
Tereza Sofková ◽  
Michaela Hřivnová ◽  
Marie Chrásková
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Daily Frequency

Abstract Appropriate dietary habits and healthy nutrition play a part in weight control. Set positive principles make precondition for satisfactory state of the body and its composition. Body mass index (BMI) is most commonly used to assess optimal body mass in relation to health risks. However, BMI does not enable the representation of individual body components and may lead to misdiagnosis in one person. The aim of our study was to evaluate dietary habits and selected body composition parameters based on BMI. Moreover, we evaluated these parameters in relation to the daily frequency of meals. The research group consisted of 318 female students of pedagogical disciplines of Palacký University in Olomouc, aged between 18 and 30 years. (22.3±2.5 years). The survey was conducted in March 2018 and 2019. Data on dietary habits were acquired through a questionnaire survey that focused on the daily frequency of meals. Multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis using InBody 720 analyser was used to determine body composition parameters. In the normal weight BMI (BMI_N) category, the selected parameters (BFP: body fat percentage, VFA: visceral fat, FFM: fat-free mass) based on general recommendations for body composition are met. In the overweight and obesity (BMI_O) category, the mean BFP values fall, as expected, into the obesity category (≥35%). We may conclude that statistically significantly lower relative risk of damage to health assessed by the body fat and visceral fat (BFM, BFP, VFA, BFMI) was found to be significantly lower in women who consume 5 meals per day compared to women who consume 4 or less daily portions of food. The differences between the BMI categories for individual meals during the day were statistically insignificant for the group we investigated. We evaluate the dietary habits positively based on the low frequency of skipping meals.

scholarly journals The Utility of Body Composition Assessment in Nutrition and Clinical Practice: An Overview of Current Methodology

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2493
Author(s):  
Clifton J. Holmes ◽  
Susan B. Racette
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition Assessment

Body composition is a key component for maintaining good general health and longevity. It can be influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, environment, and lifestyle choices. The assessment of body composition is an essential tool for nutrition specialists to effectively evaluate nutritional status and monitor progression during dietary interventions. As humans age, there is a natural increase in fat mass coupled with a gradual decline in lean mass, specifically in bone and muscle mass. Individuals with a high body fat percentage are at a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, several types of cancer, and early mortality. Significant decreases in bone mineral density signify osteopenia and osteoporosis, while reductions in skeletal muscle mass increase the risk of developing sarcopenia. Moreover, undernutrition exacerbates the effects of many medical conditions and is important to address. Though weight tracking and calculation of BMI are used commonly by clinicians and dietitians, these measures do not provide insight on the relative contributions of fat mass and fat-free mass or the changes in these compartments that may reflect disease risk. Therefore, it is important that healthcare professionals have a critical understanding of body composition assessment and the strengths and limitations of the methods available.

scholarly journals Body Composition and Bioelectrical-Impedance-Analysis-Derived Raw Variables in Pole Dancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12638
Author(s):  
Giada Ballarin ◽  
Luca Scalfi ◽  
Fabiana Monfrecola ◽  
Paola Alicante ◽  
Alessandro Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Percentage

Few data are available on the body composition of pole dancers. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method that is used to estimate fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM), while raw BIA variables, such as the impedance ratio (IR) and phase angle (PhA), are markers of body cell mass and the ratio between extracellular and total body water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition of pole dancers compared to controls, in particular, those raw BIA variables that are considered as markers of muscle composition. Forty female pole dancers and 59 controls participated in the study. BIA was performed on the whole body and upper and lower limbs, separately, at 5, 50, 100 and 250 kHz. The FFM, FFM index, FM and body fat percentage (BF%) were predicted. The bioelectrical impedance indexes IR and PhA were also considered. Pole dancers exhibited higher FFMI and BI indexes and lower BF%. PhA was greater and IRs were smaller in pole dancers than in controls for the whole body and upper limbs. Considering the training level, FFM, whole-body IR and PhA were higher in the professionals than non-professionals. Raw BIA variables significantly differed between the pole dancers and controls, suggesting a higher BCM; furthermore, practicing pole dancing was associated with a greater FFM and lower FM.

scholarly journals Differences in Body Composition among Patientsafter Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4170
Author(s):  
Jacek Wilczyński ◽  
Marta Mierzwa-Molenda ◽  
Natalia Habik-Tatarowska
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass

The aim of the study was to assess differences in the body composition of patients after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. There were 74 male participants in the study, of which 13 (18%) experienced hemorrhagic stroke, while 61 (82%) were after ischemic stroke. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of body composition variables were noted for ischemic compared to hemorrhagic strokes, and concerned: body mass (BM) (kg), basal metabolic rate (BMR) (kJ), fat-free mass (FFM) (kg), total body water (TBW) (kg), muscle mass (MM) (kg), visceral fat level (VFL), bone mass (BoM) (kg), extracellular water(ECW) (kg),intracellular water (ICW) (kg), trunk fat-free mass (TFFM) (kg) and trunk muscle mass (TMM) (kg)in the paretic upper limb; FFM (kg) and MM (kg) in the non-paretic upper limb; FFM (kg) and MM (kg) in the paretic lower limbas well as FFM (kg) and MM (kg) in the non-paretic lower limb without paresis. Only for the variables fat mass (FM) (kg), body mass index (BMI), metabolic age (MA), trunk fat mass (TFM) (kg), and FM (kg) in the paretic upper limb and FM (kg) in the non-paretic upper limb were there no significant differences. Significant differences in body composition of patients after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke have been demonstrated. Individuals after ischemic stroke had significantly worse body composition. Incorrect body composition is a significant risk factor, especially of ischemic stroke.

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