scholarly journals Self-Reported Attention Control Skills Moderate the Effect of Self-Focused Attention on Depression

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110279
Author(s):  
Haruyuki Ishikawa ◽  
Fusako Koshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Divided Attention ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Voluntary Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

This study aimed to examine whether attention control skills (selective, switching, and divided attention) moderate the influence of self-preoccupation (the tendency to maintain self-focused attention) on depression. We conducted a cross-sectional survey at a Japanese university. A total of 283 undergraduate and graduate students answered Preoccupation Scale (measuring self-preoccupation), Voluntary Attention Control Scale (measuring self-reported attention control skills), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (the standardized measurement of depression), and we analyzed 267 questionnaires (101 men and 166 women). No cut-off points were set for screening individuals depression score. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis were as follows: Higher skills of switching attention were associated with higher depression scores when combined with greater self-preoccupation tendencies. In contrast, higher levels of divided attention skill were associated with lower depression levels when combined with greater self-preoccupation. This study is the first to provide an overview of the protective role of divided attention skill against depression among individuals with high self-preoccupation. We conclude this article by showing that the interventions aiming to increase the divided attention skill rather than switching skill are expected to be effective in decreasing depressive symptoms and discussing the study’s limitations.

scholarly journals Long-term Effectiveness of Overnight Shiftwork Implementation on Pediatric Residents’ Wellness: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiro Nakao ◽  
Osamu Nomura ◽  
Mitsuru Kubota ◽  
Akira Ishiguro
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Residents ◽  
Work Style

Abstract BackgroundIn Japan, the “Work Style Reform Bill” was partially enacted in 2019. In 2011, an Overnight Call Shift (OCS) system was introduced for pediatric training at the National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD). A questionnaire survey was conducted twice during the introduction of this system, finding a decrease in working hours, but no change in the depressive tendency of the residents. We conducted a follow-up survey in 2019 to investigate the long-term effectiveness of the OCS system to improve the pediatric residents’ wellness at NCCHD.MethodsA questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted for pediatric residents in 2019, and the results were compared to those of the previous survey in 2012. The questionnaire includes demographic data, working conditions data, and wellness assessment by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).ResultsThe collection rate for the 2019 survey was 94.5% (37 participants/39 eligible). Compared to 2012, there were no significant changes in demographic data and working hours, a significant increase by about 30% in residents who took daytime off after night work, about 10% decrease in residents who scored 16 and above on the CES-D, and a significant decrease in the mean score for depersonalization (DP) in the MBI.ConclusionsThis survey demonstrated the long-term effectiveness of the implemented OCS system to improve pediatric residents’ wellness. This study provides evidence for the further initiative to improve pediatricians’ wellness for preparing for the government’s overtime regulations for physicians scheduled for 2024.

scholarly journals Burden and Depression among Caregivers of Visually Impaired Patients in a Canadian Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Khan ◽  
Puneet S. Braich ◽  
Karim Rahim ◽  
Jaspreet S. Rayat ◽  
Lin Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Risk For Depression

Purpose/Background. This study reports the degree of burden and the proportion at risk for depression among individuals who provide care to visually impaired patients.Study Design. This is clinic-based, cross-sectional survey in a tertiary care hospital.Methods. Caregivers were considered unpaid family members for patients whose sole impairment was visual. Patients were stratified by vision in their better seeing eye into two groups: Group 1 had visual acuity between 6/18 and 6/60 and Group 2 were those who had 6/60 or worse. Burden was evaluated by the Burden Index of Caregivers and the prevalence of being at risk for depression was determined by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale.Results. 236 caregivers of 236 patients were included. Total mean BIC scores were higher in Group 2. Female caregivers, caregivers providing greater hours of care, and caregivers of patients who have not completed vision rehabilitation programs are at higher risk for depression.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms: The Interaction between Rumination and Self-Reported Insomnia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Malmberg ◽  
Junilla K. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Athens Insomnia Scale

Objective. Prior research has found consistent support that rumination and insomnia are important risk factors for depressive symptoms. The aim of the present cross-sectional study is to examine the interaction between these two previously well-established risk factors (i.e., rumination and insomnia) in the explanation of depressive symptoms.Design. A total of 417 participants (277 women) with a mean age of 39 (SD = 17.59; range 18–85) completed a cross-sectional survey.Main Outcome Measures. Participants filled out the Response Rumination Scale, the Athens Insomnia Scale, and the short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.Results. It was predicted and found that self-reported insomnia moderated the relationship between rumination and depressive symptoms. We found that particularly participants who reported higher levels of rumination as well as insomnia had the highest depressive symptoms.Conclusion. This study is the first to suggest that particularly individuals exhibiting both self-reported insomnia and higher levels of rumination also report higher levels of depressive symptoms. Health professionals screening for mental problems should be aware of this specific combination of insomnia and rumination. Explanations for this moderation effect were discussed in light of study’s limitations.

scholarly journals Mental health and the built environment: Cross – sectional survey of individual and contextual risk factors for depression

2002 ◽  
Vol 180 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Weich ◽  
Martin Blanchard ◽  
Martin Prince ◽  
Elizabeth Burton ◽  
Bob Erens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

BackgroundLittle is known about the effects of the physical environment on individual health.AimsThe present study tested the hypothesis that the prevalence of depression is associated with independently rated measures of the built environment, after adjusting for individuals' socio-economic status and the internal characteristics of their dwellings.MethodCross-sectional survey of 1887 individuals aged 16 years and over in two electoral wards in north London. Depression was ascertained using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES–D). The built environment was rated independently, using a validated measure.ResultsAfter adjusting for socio-economic status, floor of residence and structural housing problems, statistically significant associations were found between the prevalence of depression and living in housing areas characterised by properties with predominantly deck access (odds ratio=1.28, 95% Cl 1.03–1.58; P=0.02) and of recent (post-1969) construction (odds ratio=l.43, 95% Cl 1.06–1.91; P=0.02).ConclusionsThe prevalence of depression was associated with independently rated features of the built environment, independent of individuals' socio-economic status and internal characteristics of dwellings.

scholarly journals Differential item functioning of the CESDR-R and GAD-7 in African and white working adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Henn ◽  
Brandon Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Item Functioning

Orientation: Depression and anxiety can have undesirable consequences for employees and their employers. It is therefore important that employers pay attention to the existence and extent of depression and anxiety. However, measuring these constructs requires unbiased, reliable and valid instruments.Research purpose: To facilitate unbiased measurement of depression and anxiety, we investigated differential item functioning of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale 7 (GAD-7) in a sample of non-clinical African and white working adults.Motivation for the study: Biased measurement instruments can lead to serious problems when comparing scores between groups, using raw score cut-offs, or creating norm scores. Practitioners are legally and ethically required to ensure that any instrument used is unbiased.Research approach/design and method: A cross-sectional survey design was used. The CESD-R and GAD-7 were administered to working adults. A final sample of 551 CESD-R responses and 529 GAD-7 responses were included in the analyses. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to investigate differential item functioning.Main findings: Both CESD-R and GAD-7 showed some evidence of differential item functioning although it was mostly small in magnitude. Item bias had some minor non-negligible impact on aggregated observed scores within specific ranges of the underlying traits.Practical/managerial implications: Both CESD-R and GAD-7 show promise as instruments that can be utilised to explore the experience of anxiety and depression in African and white employees.Contribution/value-add: This study is a promising first step towards the measurement fairness of the CESD-R and GAD-7 in the South African context.

Depression in Primary Caregivers of Patients Listed for Liver or Kidney Transplantation

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Bolkhir ◽  
Marci M. Loiselle ◽  
Donna M. Evon ◽  
Paul H. Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Scale Score ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The Impact

Background No studies have examined depression in primary caregivers of adult patients listed for liver or kidney transplantation. Objective To determine the prevalence of depression among primary caregivers of patients listed for liver or kidney transplantation and to compare these 2 groups. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and a demographic questionnaire were sent out and returned by mail. Results Of 72 eligible primary caregivers, 42 (58%) participated; the participation rate was similar for caregivers of kidney and liver failure patients (21/32 [66%)] vs 21/40 [53%], P = .3). Mean caregiver age was 54.7 ± 13.6 years. Twenty-three caregivers (54.8%) were spouses, 15 (35.7%) were first-degree relatives, and 26 (62%) were women. Median depression scale score was 5.5 (0–36). Three (7%), 2 (5%), and 3 (7%) participants reported mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. Median Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score was higher among caregivers of liver versus kidney patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (9 vs 4, P = .2). Depression scale scores did not correlate with age, sex, time listed, or nature or length of relationship with the patient. The prevalence of depression in primary caregivers was 19%; of these caregivers, one third may have had severe depression. Conclusions The prevalence of moderate to severe depression in primary caregivers of liver and kidney transplant candidates is significant. The impact of depression on caregivers as well as patients, both before and after transplantation, deserves study. Screening for depression in caregivers could lead to clinical interventions that benefit caregivers and indirectly improve patient outcomes.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEMPERAMENTS AND RISK OF DEPRESSION OF STUDENTS AT HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Phu Toan Vo
Keyword(s):  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
The Relationship

The study aims to determine the relationship between temperaments and risk of depression of students at Ho Chi Minh City University of Education. A cross-sectional survey was implemented with the participation of 404 full-time students. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to identify the participants’ risk of depression, and the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) to categorize their temperaments. The findings show that there is a relationship between the students’ temperaments and their risk of being depressed.

scholarly journals Mental health crisis in healthcare providers in the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional facility-based survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e052184
Author(s):  
Chih-Wei Sung ◽  
Chi-Hsin Chen ◽  
Cheng-Yi Fan ◽  
Jia-How Chang ◽  
Chia Chun Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Levels Of Care

ObjectivesDuring a pandemic, healthcare providers experience increased mental and physical burden. Burnout can lead to treatment errors, patient mortality, increased suicidal ideation and substance abuse as well as medical malpractice suits among medical staff. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of burnout, acute stress disorder, anxiety disorder and depressive disorder among healthcare providers at the third month of the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignA cross-sectional facility-based survey.SettingHospitals around the country with different levels of care.ParticipantsA total of 1795 respondents, including 360 men and 1435 women who participated in the survey.Primary outcome measuresBurnout was assessed using the Physician Work Life Study. A score of ≥3 implied burnout.ResultsOf the 1795 respondents, 723 (40.3%) reported burnout, and 669 (37.3%) cared for patients with COVID-19. Anxiety levels were mild in 185 (10.3%) respondents, moderate in 209 (11.6%) and severe in 1401 (78.1%). The mean Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 score was 9.5±6.3, and 817 (45.5%) respondents were classified as having depression. Factors associated with burnout were working in acute and critical care (ACC) divisions (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.84, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.39, p=0.019), caring for patients with COVID-19 (aOR=3.90, 95% CI 1.14 to 13.37, p=0.031) and having depressive disorder (aOR=9.44, 95% CI 7.44 to 11.97, p<0.001).ConclusionsPhysicians and nurses are vulnerable to burnout during a pandemic, especially those working in ACC divisions. Anxiety disorder, depressive disorder and care of patients with COVID-19 may be factors that influence the occurrence of burnout among healthcare providers.

scholarly journals Prevalence of High HDL Cholesterol and Its Associated Factors Among Tunisian Women of Childbearing Age: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5461
Author(s):  
Fatma Ben Cherifa ◽  
Jalila El Ati ◽  
Radhouene Doggui ◽  
Myriam El Ati-Hellal ◽  
Pierre Traissac
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biological Variables

The protective role of high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) against cardiovascular risk has been questioned recently. Due to the increasing trend of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Tunisia, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of high HDL-C and its associated factors in Tunisian women of childbearing age. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a subsample of 1689 women, aged 20 to 49 years, in the Great Tunis region. Data on socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were collected by a questionnaire. Overall adiposity was assessed by body mass index (BMI). All biological variables were assayed in blood samples coated with anticoagulant ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) by enzymatic methods. Stata software (2015) was used for data management and statistical analysis. High HDL-C values were recorded in 26.6% of selected women. After adjustment for all socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, age, hypertension, and smoking were negatively associated with high HDL-C levels, while family history of cancer was positively associated with high HDL-C in women. An additional investigation on the relationship between high HDL-C and cancer risk should be performed due to controversial results.

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