Robot for Ligament Tensioning and Assessment of Spinal Stability

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822110591
Author(s):  
Paul C. McAfee ◽  
Lukas Eisermann ◽  
Kenneth Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Mobility ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Spinal Instability ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Segmental Mobility ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Middle Column

Study Design An in vitro human cadaveric biomechanics study. Objective A proof-of-concept study to quantify whether or not differences in segmental mobility associated with spinal instability could be detected by a robotic distraction system. Methods Testing was performed in fresh human cadaveric tissue. A prototype Robotic Middle Column Distractor was attached unilaterally to the pedicles of L3-4. Distraction forces up to 150 N were applied first in the intact state, and following discectomy of L3-4. Motions were recorded by time-indexed visual and fluoroscopic images, and analyzed to measure actual motions achieved. Functions of the robot unit were monitored during the procedure and evaluated qualitatively. Results A difference of 2.5 mm in z-axis motion was detected at 150 N load between the intact and post-discectomy states. The robot coupled with the image analysis method was able to clearly detect the difference between the intact (“stable”) and post-discectomy (“unstable”) spine. Data analysis of fluoroscopic images taken during the procedure showed greater motion than perceived by the investigators from qualitative review of visual data. All monitored robot functions performed within design parameters without error. Conclusion The study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of utilizing an intraoperative robotic distractor to measure the amount of spinal mobility present at a level. This could lead to an important clinical tool for both diagnostic functions as well as operative assist functions.

scholarly journals SETTLEMENT EVALUATION AND BACK ANALYSIS OF THE GROUND DESIGN PARAMETERS ON THE SOIL IMPROVEMENT OF PRELOADING METHOD COMBINED WITH PVD

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Intan Kamila Adiba ◽  
Januar Fery Irawan ◽  
Luthfi Amri Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Back Analysis ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Settlement Plate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Final Settlement ◽  
Preloading Method

The use of the preloading method, which combined with PVD, is now a common method of soil improvement that proved effective in increasing bearing capacity and reducing settlement on soft soil ground types like former rice fields. In order to reach an optimum effectiveness of soil improvement, an evaluation of the settlement should be done by reviewing the performance of soil improvement along with geotechnical instruments installed in the field. In this study, the back analysis method is used to determine the soil design parameters that are following the actual conditions in the field. The results obtained from the evaluation of settlement conducted is the difference between settlement calculation theoretically before the improvement of soil with the available field data of monitoring Settlement Plate. An average percentage of 118% was obtained from the calculation. In contrast, an average percentage of 2.87% was obtained as the difference between the final settlement prediction of Asaoka's with actual settlements based on Settlement Plate readings data in the field. The parameters of the soil results from the back analysis gave new values with each of the average of Ch= 0.02936; Cc= 0.27313; kv= 0.00005 m/day; and mv= 0.00064m2/kN. The difference between theoretical settlement recalculated using the soil parameter of the back analysis method with the actual settlement based on monitoring of Settlement Plate gave an average percentage of 12.66%. Metode Preloading yang dikombinasikan dengan PVD merupakan salah satu metode perbaikan tanah yang terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan daya dukung tanah dan mengurangi settlement pada tanah jenis lunak seperti tanah bekas sawah. Agar perbaikan tanah yang dilakukan memiliki efektifitas optimum, perlu adanya evaluasi terhadap settlement yang terjadi dengan meninjau kinerja perbaikan tanah beserta instrumeninstrumen geoteknik yang terpasang di lapangan. Selain itu, dilakukan Metode Analisa Balik untuk mengetahui parameter desain tanah yang sesuai dengan keadaan sesungguhnya di lapangan. Hasil yang didapatkan dari evaluasi settlement yang dilakukan adalah selisih settlement secara teoritis sebelum adanya perbaikan tanah dengan settlement berdasarkan monitoring Settlement Plate di lapangan dalam persentase rata-rata sebesar 118%, sedangkan selisih antara final settlement prediksi Asaoka dengan settlement akhir berdasarkan monitoring Settlement Plate di lapangan mendapatkan persentase rata-rata sebesar 2,15%. Parameter-parameter tanah hasil dari analisa balik memiliki nilai baru dengan masing-masing rata-rata sebesar Ch= 0,02936; Cc= 0,27313; kv= 0,00005 m/hari; dan mv= 0,00064m2 /kN. Sedangkan untuk selisih antara settlement secara teoritis yang dihitung kembali menggunakan parameter tanah hasil analisa balik dengan settlement aktual berdasarkan data bacaan Settlement Plate mendapatkan persentase rata-rata sebesar 12,66%.

On the Role of Transferrin in 67Ga Uptake by Tumor Cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
P. Thouvenot ◽  
F. Brunotte ◽  
J. Robert ◽  
L. J. Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sarcoma Cells ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

In vitro uptake of 67Ga-citrate and 59Fe-citrate by DS sarcoma cells in the presence of tumor-bearing animal blood plasma showed a dramatic inhibition of both 67Ga and 59Fe uptakes: about ii/io of 67Ga and 1/5o of the 59Fe are taken up by the cells. Subcellular fractionation appears to indicate no specific binding to cell structures, and the difference of binding seems to be related to the transferrin chelation and transmembrane transport differences

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

Reliability of a Single β-Thromboglobulin Measurement in a Diabetic Population : Importance of PGE1 in Anticoagulant Mixture

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (02) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Y Scarabin ◽  
L Strain ◽  
C A Ludlam ◽  
J Jones ◽  
E M Kohner
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Release

SummaryDuring the collection of samples for plasma β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) determination, it is well established that artificially high values can be observed due to in-vitro release. To estimate the reliability of a single β-TG measurement, blood samples were collected simultaneously from both arms on two separate occasions in 56 diabetic patients selected for a clinical trial. From each arm, blood was taken into two tubes containing an anticoagulant mixture with (tube A) and without (tube B) PGE!. The overall mean value of B-TG in tube B was 1.14 times higher than in tube A (p <0.01). The markedly large between-arms variation accounted for the most part of within-subject variation in both tubes and was significantly greater in tube B than in tube A. Based on the difference between B-TG values from both arms, the number of subjects with artifically high B-TG values was significantly higher in tube B than in tube A on each occasion (overall rate: 28% and 14% respectively). Estimate of between-occasions variation showed that B-TG levels were relatively stable for each subject between two occasions in each tube. It is concluded that the use of PGEi decreases falsely high B-TG levels, but a single measurement of B-TG does not provide a reliable estimate of the true B-TG value in vivo.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Monitoring Pengolahan Data Inventory Gudang Pada PT.Talaga Mulya Indah

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Suci Rahayu Rais ◽  
Dedeh Apriyani ◽  
Gito Gardjito
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Monitoring of warehouse inventory data processing is an important thing for companies. PT Talaga mulya indah is still manual using paper media, causing problems that have an effect on existing information, namely: problems with data processing of incoming and outgoing goods. And the difference between data on the amount of stock of goods available with physical data, often occurs inputting data more than once for the same item, searching for available data, and making reports so that it impedes companies in monitoring inventory of existing stock of goods. Which aims to create a system that can provide updated information to facilitate the warehouse admin in making inventory reports, and reduce errors in input by means of integrated control. In this study, the authors used the data collection method used in this analysis using the method of observation, interviews, and literature review (literature study). For analysis using the PIECES analysis method. Furthermore, the system design used is UML (Unified Modeling Language). The results of this study are expected to produce the right data in the process of monitoring inventory data processing, also can provide the right information and make it easier to control the overall availability of goods.

Pandhawa Gubah sebagai Representasi Interaksi Metafisik Manusia Jawa dan Perbandingannya dengan Cheritera Pandawa Lima

Manuskripta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Novarina Novarina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Literary Study ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Comparative Study

Abstract: This research is a comparative literary study that uses Malay and Javanese versions of Mahabarata text sources. The research objects used were the text edition of Pandhawa Gubah (PG) by Sudibjo Z. Hadisutjipto and the text of Cheritera Pandawa Lima (CPL) by Khalid Hussain. The research method used is descriptive-analysis method. In the comparative study used a comparative literary theory proposed by Endraswara (2011). The results of the text comparison reveal the similarities and differences in the image of Bima figures in the Javanese and Malay versions. The equation as a whole is that both texts contain the same heroic storyline and heroic character, Bima. In addition, Indian influence is still evident in the two texts seen from the nuances of Hinduism that exist in both texts. While the difference is seen in the events that accompany Bima's struggle in achieving his victory. Based on these similarities and differences, it can be seen that the authors attempt to represent the concept of metaphysical interactions vertically and horizontally expressed through PG text. --- Abstrak: Penelitian ini adalah satu kajian sastra bandingan yang menggunakan sumber teks Mahabarata versi Melayu dan Jawa. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah edisi teks Pandhawa Gubah (PG) karya Sudibjo Z. Hadisutjipto dan teks Cheritera Pandawa Lima (CPL) karya Khalid Hussain. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif-analisis. Dalam telaah perbandingan digunakan teori sastra bandingan yang dikemukakan Endraswara (2011). Hasil perbandingan teks mengungkapkan adanya persamaan dan perbedaan citra tokoh Bima dalam versi Jawa maupun versi Melayu. Persamaan secara keseluruhan adalah kedua teks tersebut mengandung alur cerita kepahlawanan dan tokoh pahlawan yang sama yaitu Bima. Selain itu, pengaruh India masih tampak dalam kedua teks tersebut dilihat dari nuansa Hinduisme yang ada dalam kedua teks. Sementara perbedaannya tampak pada peristiwa-peristiwa yang menyertai perjuangan Bima dalam mencapai kemenangannya. Berdasarkan persamaan dan perbedaan tersebut tampak adanya upaya penulis untuk merepresentasikan konsep interaksi metafisik secara vertikal dan horizontal yang diungkapkan melalui teks PG.

Kesalahan Penggunaan Bahasa Perancis dalam Tulisan Mahasiswa Program Studi Sastra Perancis Unpad

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Gilang Januarsyah
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
French Language ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
Language Writing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

ABSTRAKUntuk menghasilkan sebuah karangan berbahasa Perancis yang dapat dipahamioleh khalayak umum, mahasiswa harus menguasai kemampuan berbahasa Perancis ragamtulis yang baik dan benar sesuai dengan kaidah yang berlaku. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menjelaskan kesalahan sintaksis yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa Program StudiSastra Perancis Universitas Padjadjaran. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambildari sepuluh karangan mahasiwa yang duduk di semester lima dan tujuh dan dianalisisdengan menggunakan metode simak dan metode analisis padan referensial translasionaldengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesalahantertinggi yang dilakukan mahasiswa adalah kesalahan dalam penggunaan passé composédan imparfait sebesar 50%, kemudian diikuti oleh kesalahan dalam penggunaan pronomrelatif simple et composé ‘pronomina penghubung bebas dan turunan’ sebesar 30%, danterakhir kesalahan dalam penggunaan pronom COD et COI ‘pronomina COD dan COI’ sebesar20%. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kesalahan tersebut adalah faktor linguistikyang disebabkan oleh perbedaan kaidah tatabahasa bahasa Indonesia dan Perancis.Selain itu terdapat pula faktor sosiolinguistik yang disebabkan oleh jarangnya mahasiswamembiasakan diri mereka untuk mengaplikasikan bahasa Perancis di luar kelas.Kata kunci: kesalahan, sintaksis, bahasa Perancis, tulis, pengajaranABST RACTTo produce a French-language essay that can be understood by the general public,the students should master the ability of French language in good and true writing skill inaccordance with the applicable rules. The aim of this research is to explain the syntactic errorsmade by students of French literature’s program at University Padjadjaran. The sources ofdata are taken from the ten student essays who sit in the fifth and seventh semesters, and themethods used in this research are Observation Method ‘Metode Simak’ and the analyticalreference translational analysis method with a qualitative approach. The results of thisresearch indicate that the highest errors that students make are the use of passé composéand imparfait as much as fifty percent, followed by errors in the use of pronom relatifsimple et composé ‘the free and derivative pronouns’ thirty percent, and the last error is inthe use of pronom CO D et CO I ‘‘The COD and COI pronouns’ twenty percent. The factors thatcause those errors are a linguistic caused by the difference rules of Indonesian and Frenchgrammar. In addition there are also sociolinguistic factors caused by the rarity of studentsfamiliarize themselves to apply the French language outside the classroom.Keywords: Error, syntax, French language, writing, teaching

EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia Mangostana L.) SEBAGAI OBAT ANTI DIARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Zaim Anshari ◽  
Chrismis Novalinda Ginting ◽  
Linda Chiuman ◽  
Yuliani Mardiati Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Papaverine Hydrochloride

This study aims to determine whether mangosteen rind extract (in the form of ethanol extract/EE) can be used as an anti-diarrhea drug after compared with other anti-diarrhea substances in three experimental groups. This research is an in vitro experimental study using adult male guinea pigs weighing 400-600 gr through the standard method of Magnus with the Latin square controlled experiment design. The study was conducted at the Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of North Sumatra. The results showed that the contraction of ileum in Ach with Atp + Ach compared the difference in contraction of ileum Ach with EE + Ach showed the difference in difference between the two contractions of the ileum was significant, the contraction of ileum in His with Dip + His compared indifference in contraction of ileum His with EE + His showed a difference indifference. the two ileal contractions are significant, the ileal contraction in the bar with Papa + Bar compared to the difference between the ileum bar contraction with EE + Bar shows no difference in the difference between the two ileum contractions. The conclusion is that the Mangosteen Skin Ethanol Extract works similarly to Papaverine Hydrochloride which is an antidiarrheal drug used to relax smooth muscles so that it can also make blood vessels dilate by relaxing smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels.

scholarly journals Efficacy of loading dose colistin versus carbapenems for treatment of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasan Katip ◽  
Jukapun Yoodee ◽  
Suriyon Uitrakul ◽  
Peninnah Oberdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Response ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Clinical Utilization ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Intra Abdominal Infection

AbstractColistin provides in vitro activity against numerous ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant bacteria. However, clinical information with respect to its utilization in infection caused by ESBL producers is limited. The aim of this study was a comparison of mortality rates of loading dose (LD) colistin and carbapenems as definitive therapies in a cohort of patients with infections caused by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. A retrospective cohort study in 396 patients with ESBL-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae infection at a university-affiliated hospital was conducted between 1 January 2005 and 30 June 2015 to compare outcomes of infected patients who received LD colistin (95 patients) with carbapenems (301 patients). The three primary outcomes were 30-day mortality, clinical response and microbiological response. The most common infection types were urinary tract infection (49.49%), followed by pneumonia (40.66%), bacteremia (13.64%), skin and soft tissue infections (4.80%) and intra-abdominal infection (3.03%). LD colistin group provided higher 30-day mortality when compared with carbapenems group (HR 7.97; 95% CI 3.68 to 17.25; P = 0.001). LD colistin was also independently associated with clinical failure (HR 4.30; 95% CI 1.93 to 9.57; P = 0.001) and bacteriological failure (HR 9.49; 95% CI 3.76 to 23.96; P = 0.001) when compared with those who received carbapenems. LD colistin treatment was associated with poorer outcomes, i.e. mortality rate, clinical response and microbiological response. Moreover, when adjusted confounding factors, LD colistin was still less effective than carbapenems. It should be noted that, however, the use of Vitek-2 to assess colistin susceptibility could provide inaccurate results. Also, the difference in baseline characteristics could still remain in retrospective study although compensation by hazard ratio adjustment was performed. Therefore, clinical utilization of LD colistin should be recommended as an alternative for treatment ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae only in the circumstances where carbapenems cannot be utilized, but this recommendation must be considered carefully.

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