Making marijuana an environmental issue: Prohibition, pollution, and policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Polson
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
County Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Civil Regulation ◽  
Environmental Matter ◽  
Knowledge Formation ◽  
Marijuana Consumption ◽  
Federal Agents ◽  
Early Formative

Over the past two decades, activists and market actors have successfully liberalized marijuana consumption and distribution in most US states. Given ongoing federal supply-side interdiction strategies, however, production has been another matter. This article traces the emergence of marijuana cultivation as an environmental matter. “The environment” increasingly constitutes a material-discursive social field into which actors (e.g. activists, law enforcement, producers, conservationists) can launch interventions into productive processes. The article traces three early, formative interventions in northern California: by federal agents to “reclaim” and protect public lands; by a county government to discipline and segregate compliant environmental citizens from recalcitrant, racialized “criminals”; and by producers themselves to mobilize environmental discourses in regulatory debates. Amidst ideas of pollution, reclamation, stewardship, and sustainability, these projects revalorized marijuana production, articulating with and departing from entrenched systems of inequality and stigma. As marijuana production liberalizes, this article draws attention to the legacy of prohibition moralities in regulatory debates, the necessity of incorporating criminalized actors in civil regulation and knowledge formation, and the possibility for a liberation environmentality that exceeds the terms of exploitative, extractive relations that dominate contemporary agriculture, land use, and drug policy.

Autobiographies of Three Surviving Branch Davidians

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-197
Author(s):  
Catherine Wessinger
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Branch Davidians ◽  
The Bible ◽  
American Law ◽  
The Media ◽  
Federal Agents

This article provides an initial report on oral histories being collected from three surviving Branch Davidians: Bonnie Haldeman, the mother of David Koresh, Clive Doyle, and Sheila Martin. Their accounts are being made into autobiographies. Interviews with a fourth survivor, Catherine Matteson, are being prepared for deposit in an archive and inform the material gathered from Bonnie Haldeman, Clive Doyle, and Sheila Martin. Oral histories provided by these survivors humanize the Branch Davidians, who were dehumanized and erased in 1993 by the application of the pejorative ‘cult’ stereotype by the media and American law enforcement agents. These Branch Davidian accounts provide alternate narratives of what happened in 1993 at Mount Carmel Center outside Waco, Texas, to those provided by American federal agents, and flesh out the human dimensions of the community and the tragedy. Branch Davidians are differentiated from many other people primarily by their strong commitment to doing God's will as they understand it from the Bible. Otherwise they are ordinary, intelligent people with the same emotions, loves, and foibles as others.

scholarly journals UAV Forensics: DJI Mini 2 Case Study

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Miloš Stanković ◽  
Mohammad Meraj Mirza ◽  
Umit Karabiyik
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personally Identifiable Information ◽  
Multiple Devices ◽  
Forensic Tools ◽  
Recreational Use

Rapid technology advancements, especially in the past decade, have allowed off-the-shelf unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that weigh less than 250 g to become available for recreational use by the general population. Many well-known manufacturers (e.g., DJI) are now focusing on this segment of UAVs, and the new DJI Mini 2 drone is one of many that falls under this category, which enables easy access to be purchased and used without any Part 107 certification and Remote ID registration. The versatility of drones and drone models is appealing for customers, but they pose many challenges to forensic tools and digital forensics investigators due to numerous hardware and software variations. In addition, different devices can be associated and used for controlling these drones (e.g., Android and iOS smartphones). Moreover, according to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the adoption of Remote ID is not going to be required for people without the 107 certifications for this segment at least until 2023, which creates finding personally identifiable information a necessity in these types of investigations. In this research, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of DJI Mini 2 and its data stored across multiple devices (e.g., SD cards and mobile devices) that are associated with the drone. The aim of this paper is to (1) create several criminal-like scenarios, (2) acquire and analyze the created scenarios using leading forensics software (e.g., Cellebrite and Magnet Axiom) that are commonly used by law enforcement agencies, (3) and present findings associated with potential criminal activities.

scholarly journals Violence and discrimination among Ugandan residents during the COVID-19 lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Katana ◽  
Bob Omoda Amodan ◽  
Lilian Bulage ◽  
Alex R. Ario ◽  
Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past

Abstract Background In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda inclusive, implemented lockdowns, curfew, banning of both private and public transport systems, and mass gatherings to minimize spread. Social control measures for COVID-19 are reported to increase violence and discrimination globally, including in Uganda as some may be difficult to implement resulting in the heavy deployment of law enforcement. Media reports indicated that cases of violence and discrimination had increased in Uganda’s communities following the lockdown. We estimated the incidence and factors associated with experiencing violence and discrimination among Ugandans during the COVID-19 lockdown to inform control and prevention measures. Methods In April 2020, we conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data under the International Citizen Project (ICP) to assess adherence to public health measures and their impact on the COVID-19 outbreak in Uganda. We analyzed data on violence and discrimination from the ICP study. We performed descriptive statistics for all the participants’ characteristics and created a binary outcome variable called experiencing violence and/or discrimination. We performed logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with experiencing violence and discrimination. Results Of the 1726 ICP study participants, 1051 (58.8%) were males, 841 (48.7%) were currently living with a spouse or partner, and 376 (21.8%) had physically attended work for more than 3 days in the past week. Overall, 145 (8.4%) experienced any form of violence and/or discrimination by any perpetrator, and 46 (31.7%) of the 145 reported that it was perpetrated by a law enforcement officer. Factors associated with experiencing violence or discrimination were: being male (AOR = 1.60 CI:1.10–2.33), having attended work physically for more than 3 days in the past week (AOR = 1.52 CI:1.03–2.23), and inability to access social or essential health services since the epidemic started (AOR = 3.10 CI:2.14–4.50). Conclusion A substantial proportion of Ugandan residents experienced violence and/or discrimination during the COVID-19 lockdown, mostly perpetrated by law enforcement officers. We recommend mitigation of the collateral impact of lockdowns with interventions that focus on improving policing quality, ensuring continuity of essential services, and strengthening support systems for vulnerable groups including males.

A modified production function analysis of changing southern forest productivity

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1278-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Forest Productivity ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Aggregate Production Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Productivity Gains

The analysis in this paper measures changes in forest productivity for 12 southern states using a modified, aggregate production function. The function combines cross section – time series, biological, and acreage data to estimate the shift in productivity, measured as either standing inventory plus removals or changes in inventory plus removals, over the past 4 decades. The annual shift in productivity is estimated to be approximately 0.5% for the standing volume measures used. However, productivity gains in the region have virtually stopped during the past decade. The largest contributions to productivity gains were from industrially owned lands and land managed as planted pine. Mixed pine–hardwood stands and public lands (except for plantations) showed lower productivity impacts. These results present an essential component for understanding the impact of technical change on aggregate forest productivity in the southern United States.

Restoring the financial health of debtors: Changing approaches in the legislation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-971
Author(s):  
Andrei L. BELOUSOV
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Regulatory Enforcement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Financial Recovery

Subject. The article considers the development of the institution of bankruptcy in the context of the emerging legal environment in this area. Objectives. The focus is to study the development of relations in the bankruptcy sphere in the Russian Federation that relate to inefficient procedures aimed at the financial recovery of business entities, and to formulate the main directions for further changes in the legal regulation of this area. Methods. The study employs research methods, like logical and structural analysis, systems and functional approach, the formal legal method. Results. The paper reveals the essence, specific features and legal regulation of bankruptcy, assesses the regulatory enforcement based on the existing law on insolvency, formulates the key problems of the law enforcement practice of business entities that has been formed over the past 20 years, defines further directions of changes in the legal regulation of bankruptcy relations in the Russian Federation. Conclusions. Changing the approaches to the current bankruptcy system in favor of expanding the application of rehabilitation procedures for restoring the solvency of debtors will enable to support businesses that are in difficult financial situation. This will result in preservation of employment, increased tax revenues to budgets at various levels, improved competitiveness of Russian businesses. The findings may be useful in terms of theory, for the study of issues relating to the concept, essence and legal regulation of the institution of bankruptcy in the Russian Federation, and in practice, for developing proposals to improve regulations in this sphere.

scholarly journals Kharkiv in the Period of Interpower: Maintenance of Law in the City at the End of 1918

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The State ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The City ◽  
Official Information

The article deals with the situation in the city of Kharkiv at the end of 1918. At this time, Ukraine was experiencing the completion of one more historical stage, preparing for new, more turbulent and tragic events. German troops which have been the guarantors of security of the state over the past ten months were evacuated from its territory, a popular uprising broke out against the hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky, the republican authorities that recognized the Directory were forming slowly, local Bolsheviks and other left-wing groups were getting noticeably more active. In December 1918 all these forces were represented in the provincial Kharkiv. Some of them, for example, the German command and the hetman's guard, tried to transfer power to their successors in an organized manner. Others, on the contrary, tried to get to the controls as soon as possible. This multi-power lasted about a month, which became a real ordeal for the inhabitants of the city. Kharkovites tried to figure out a kaleidoscope of political developments, a variety of orders and decrees, the intricacies of official information and street rumors. Meanwhile, the criminal situation became more and more threatening: gangs of looters raged in rural districts, and shots were fired more often in Kharkiv itself. In the second half of December, the number of the city shops robberies became impressive. At that time, several influential forces were engaged in law enforcement: the German commandant’s office, the hetman’s guard, Directory fighters and socialist squads. However, all their efforts did not give the desired result, and ordinary Kharkovites were forced to organize self-defense units to protect their own homes. The culmination of anarchy in the city was the Bolshevik uprising on January 1–2, 1919, as a result of which Kharkiv was captured by armed units of the Red Army.

Biometric methods and their application in the Police investigation work

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Edyta Kot ◽  
◽  
Anna Jurga ◽  
Ewa Kartasińska ◽  
Ewa Lewansowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Police Investigation ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

Biometrics is one of the basic detection techniques used in law enforcement activities on a daily basis. Like other techniques, it is constantly changing. This article aims to provide an overview of what was in the past, what is now, and what will be in the near future. It presents the selected methods of collecting some of the data, as well as the systems used to process them. In addition, practical guidance is provided on how individual biometric data should be collected and, for specific cases, it explains why the data collection procedure is carried out in one way and not another, and what it means for its subsequent processing. As problems sometimes arise during recovery of the material they have been presented together with an overview of the reasons for that. In addition to information on the technical aspects, the article also includes references to legal acts regulating issues related to biometrics.

An Interview With Chief Sargent of the Worcester, MA Police Department

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Steven W. Steinert
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Advanced Training ◽  
Military Police ◽  
The Past ◽  
Training Opportunities

Chief Sargent, of the Worcester, MA Police Department, is interviewed about his position and perspectives as a chief of police. He discusses his education and the path he took to becoming a chief. Specifically, he discusses working first as a military police officer and his transition into civilian policing. He discusses his advanced training opportunities with the FBI and receiving a degree in criminology. He describes the various positions he has had in law enforcement throughout his career. In addition, he describes changes in policing that have occurred throughout the past decades and how those changes are affecting current policies and initiatives. He further discusses the individuals that work within law enforcement and important characteristics that are essential for those interested in a career in law enforcement. He discusses the implementation of innovative training programs, such as simulators, which aid in preparing officers for different situations. Views about connecting citizens and police and recommendations for researchers are also discussed.

scholarly journals Policing through social media: a qualitative exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-218
Author(s):  
Seth Wyatt Fallik ◽  
Ross Deuchar ◽  
Vaughn J Crichlow ◽  
Hannah Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Social media, in the past decade, has been used to hold police accountable for their actions. There has been, however, a paucity of empirical research into how law enforcement uses social media. To explore this issue, this paper uses qualitative data emerging from ethnographic research conducted in a Southern American state. Participant observations of police officer deployments were paired with semi-structured interviews with officers from three law enforcement agencies. The extent and ways in which these officers used social media is explored. Findings indicate that social media is used to bring positive attention to law enforcement agencies and aid criminal investigations. Although the positive impact of social media was highlighted in these experiences, persistent problems and challenges also featured in the data. Finally, officer insights were drawn upon to make recommendations for future policing policy and research.

Young children: the visibility paradox

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
Corinne May-Chahal ◽  
Emma Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Image Databases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Sense ◽  
The Subject

This chapter reviews what is known about child sexual abuse media, with a particular focus on the abuse of young children (those under the age of 10). Young children are seldom the subject of research on sexual violence, yet the online-facilitated sexual abuse of these children is known to exist. In the past, child sexual abuse has been described as a hidden phenomenon that is made visible through a child's disclosure or evidence in and on their bodies. Online child sexual victimisation (OCSV) experienced by young children is still hidden in this traditional sense but at the same time highly visible through images that are both detached from the child yet traumatically attached through their creation and continued circulation throughout childhood. Indeed, most of what can be known about OCSV and younger children is through analyses of images harvested online and analyses of law enforcement and non-governmental organisation (NGO) image databases. These sources suggest that OCSV involving young children is different from that experienced by those who are older. It more often involves parents, carers, and family members; it is legally and developmentally impossible for children to consent to it; and images and videos of the abuse are more likely to be trafficked.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document