scholarly journals Optimization of processing parameters for the manufacturing of jute stick binderless particleboard

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireen Parvin Nitu ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Md Ashaduzzaman ◽  
Md Khairul Amin ◽  
Md Iftekhar Shams
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Press Temperature ◽  
Particle Mixing ◽  
Press Time

Abstract This study investigated the effects of processing parameters, namely particle mixing ratios, press temperatures, and time for the manufacturing of jute stick binderless particleboard (JBPB). Different ratios of fine and coarse particles, press temperature (160 to 240 °C) and press time (4 to 10 min) were used for JBPB fabrication with a target density of 0.9 g/cm3. The dimensional stability and mechanical properties of JBPB were determined according to Japanese Industrial Standard JIS A 5908 (2003). The result shows that the most favorable pressing conditions in the manufacturing process were press temperature of 220 °C for 6 min with a mixing ratio of 50:50 (fine: coarse). The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bonding (IB) of JBPB was 16.35 N/mm2, 3872.99 N/mm2, and 1.07 N/mm2, respectively, which met the minimum requirement for type-18 of particleboard JIS A 5908 (2003) except for the value of MOR. The bonding mechanism was analyzed by the chemical changes in the raw materials after the fabrication of JBPBs. The pentosans present in the raw material decreased with the increased press temperatures. In this study, the hemicellulose was decomposed which may accelerate the self-bonding of the JBPB at high temperatures. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the JBPB showed good thermal stability with the increase of press temperatures. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that the removal of hydroxyl groups which increased the dimensional stability of JBPBs. Hence, it could be concluded that by controlling particle mixing ratio (50:50) at high press temperature with proper press time, high-performance jute stick binderless particleboard could be successfully developed which has a variety of applications.

Albizia richardiana King & Prain as a raw material for ply and particleboard

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-141
Author(s):  
Md. Rahaman ◽  
Khurshid Akhter ◽  
S. Hossain ◽  
Md. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Standard Specification ◽  
Press Temperature ◽  
Albizia Richardiana ◽  
German Standard ◽  
Press Time

Woods of Albizia richardiana has been studied for assessing the suitability for plywood and particleboard manufacture. It was found that 1.5 mm thick smooth and figured veneer can be peeled and dried easily. Three-ply plywood were made using veneer of this species bonded with liquid urea formaldehyde glue of 50% solid content extended with wheat flour and catalyzed (ammonium chloride) with 2% hardener under the three specific pressures, viz,1.05 N/mm2, 1.40 N/mm2, 1.76 N/mm2 in three replications at 6 minute press time and 120°C press temperature. Dry and wet shear test were conducted on the sample and their shear load at failure per unit area and percentage of wood failure were determined. 1.05 N/mm2 pressure for the manufacture of plywood was found to be the best. The physical and mechanical properties of Albizia richardiana wood particleboard were studied. The particleboards were tested for determining the strength and dimensional stability. The tensile strength 0.56N/mm2 passed the British and German standard specification, bending strength (modulus of rupture10.80N/mm2) was found nearest to Indian Standard but low German and British standard specification.

Physical and Thermal Properties of Chitosan

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Siriprom ◽  
K. Chantarasunthon ◽  
K. Teanchai
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Biodegradable Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Good Agreement

This work aims at characterizing the thermal and physical properties of chitosan. The samples were evaluated for potentiality to use as raw material for biodegradable films raw material. Their thermal and physical properties have been also discussed in detail which Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), respectively. The result of the XRD pattern indicated the sample has amorphous-crystalline structure and FTIR results confirmed the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the amino and hydroxyl groups of the sample. In good agreement between the EDXRF and TGA results, noticed that the removal of moisture and volatile material.

Manufacture and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposite Made of Reed and Silvergrass

2012 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Bin Liao ◽  
Yu He Deng ◽  
Xin Zhou Wang ◽  
Xiang Lin Fan ◽  
Tian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Press Temperature ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Press Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Reed and sivergrass are natural biological materials, the process parameters of being used as raw materials of biocomposite were determined. Microscopic structure of reed and silvergrass was characterized by environment scanning electron microscopy. Best reed-silvergrass particleboard process parameters were drawn from orthogonal test, that adhesive addition is 14%, press temperature is 1800C, and press time is 7min. The effects of reed/silvergrass particles mixing ratio on mechanical properties of reed-sivergrass particleboard were also discussed, mechanical properties of reed-silvergrass particleboard reached the maximum value at reed/silvergrass particles mixing ratio 3/2.

scholarly journals Kualitas Papan Partikel Dari Pelepah Nipah dengan Perekat Asam Sitrat dan Sukrosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Mahdi Santoso ◽  
Ragil Widyorini ◽  
Tibertus Agus Prayitno ◽  
Joko Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Binding Agents ◽  
Press Time ◽  
Positive Effect

Penggunaan perekat alami dan bahan baku non kayu dalam pembuatan papan partikel masih sangat terbatas. Sukrosa dan asam sitrat adalah dua bahan alami yang potensial sebagai perekat alami pengganti perekat sintetik berbasis formaldehida. Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) merupakan bahan non kayu yang potensial dijadikan alternatif bahan baku papan partikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas papan partikel pelepah nipah yang direkat dengan sukrosa/asam sitrat (100/0, 87,5/12,5 dan 75/25). Papan partikel yang dibuat berukuran 25 cm × 25 cm × 1 cm, target kerapatan 0,8 g/cm3. Variabel perekatan antara lain jumlah perekat 20%, waktu kempa 10 menit, suhu kempa 180°C dan tekanan spesifik 3,6 MPa. Sifat fisika dan mekanika papan partikel diuji berdasarkan standar JIS A 5908:2003, kekasaran permukaan diukur menggunakan metode yang dilakukan oleh Hiziroglu (1996). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan asam sitrat terhadap sukrosa berpengaruh positif terhadap sebagian besar sifat papan partikel pelepah nipah. Papan partikel pelepah nipah dengan perekat sukrosa/asam sitrat 87,5/12,5 mampu memberikan hasil terbaik dengan memenuhi standar JIS A 5908:2003. Karakteristik papan partikel tersebut adalah kerapatan 0,89 g/cm3, kadar air 10,21%, pengembangan tebal 2,45%, penyerapan air 23,55%, kekasaran permukaan 5,13 μm, keteguhan rekat internal 0,39 MPa, keteguhan patah 9,80 MPa dan keteguhan elastisitas 3,19 GPa.Kata kunci: papan partikel, pelepah nipah, perekat alami, sukrosa, asam sitrat AbstractUtilization of natural binder for non-wood composite is still limited. Sucrose and citric acid are potential natural binding agents for composite products. Nipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) was non-wood materials which are potentially to be used as an alternative raw material for particleboards. This study aimed to determine the quality of the nipa frond particleboard bonded with sucrose/citric acid (100/0, 87.5/12.5 and 75/25). Particleboards were manufactured in 25 cm × 25 cm × 1 cm dimension, the target of density 0.8 g/cm3. The variables included resin content of 20%, press time of 10 m, pressing temperature of 180°C and specific pressure of 3.6 MPa. The physics and mechanics properties of particleboard were tested in accordance to standard JIS A 5908:2003 and surface roughness was measured by following the method performed by Hiziroglu (1996). The results showed that the addition of citric acid to sucrose give a positive effect on most of the properties of the nipa frond particleboards. The particleboard bonded with sucrose/citric acid 87.5/12.5 was able to provide the best results to meet the standards of JIS A 5908: 2003. Characteristics of the particleboard was a density of 0.89 g/cm, moisture content of 10.21%, thickness swelling of 2.45%, water absorption of 23.55%, surface roughness of 5.13 ìm, internal bonding of 0.39 MPa, modulus of rupture of 9.80 MPa and modulus of elasticity of 3.19 GPa.

scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Modification Treatment on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Pinus oocarpa Wood

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Jhon F. Herrera-Builes ◽  
Víctor Sepúlveda-Villarroel ◽  
Jairo A. Osorio ◽  
Linette Salvo-Sepúlveda ◽  
Rubén A. Ananías
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Pinus Oocarpa

This study deals with the effect of heat treatment on Pinus oocarpa specimens from forest plantations in Colombia. The effects of two heat treatments at 170 and 190 °C for 2.5 h in saturated vapor were evaluated based on the color, dimensional stability, air-dry and basic densities, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) in static bending of samples. The evaluations were carried out following the Colombian Technical Standards NTC 290 and 663, and the color changes resulting from heat treatments were monitored using the CIE-Lab, as well as other standards from the literature. The results show that there was 2.4% and 3.3% mass loss of wood modified at 170 and 190 °C, respectively. The air-dry and basic densities were higher in 170 °C treatment than after 190 °C treatment, and the thermal modifications applied increased the dimensional stability of the treated wood. After treatment at 170 and 190 °C, the lightness to darkness (L*) was reduced by 10% and 22%; the a* coordinate increased by 11% and 26%, causing redness in the treated wood; the b* coordinate increased by 14% and 17%; and the values of the wood color saturation (c*) increased by 14% and 18%, respectively. The general color change (ΔE*) increased gradually with the increase in the treatment temperature, resulting in a high color change to a very different color. The bending strength of thermally modified wood was improved and significantly increased to values higher than those of unmodified Pinus oocarpa wood. The high air-dry and basic densities, improved dimensional stability and resistance to bending, and attractive appearance of the treated wood indicate that thermal modification is a promising alternative for the transformation of Pinus oocarpa wood into a raw material with a high added value.

Optimum Condition of Manufacturing Wood-Based Composite from Mixture of Wood Particles/Walnut and Almond Shells

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Pirayesh ◽  
Abolghasem Khazaeian ◽  
Hossein Khanjanzadeh ◽  
Arian Bahrinejad
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Size ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Almond Shell ◽  
Press Temperature ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Press Time ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Wood Based Composite

The aim of this study was to manufacture wood based particleboard by using wood particles and agricultural residues of walnut and almond shells that have no economical value other than being used merely as low grade fuel and fodder and evaluating of its performance. This study was done at two stages; first determination of optimum press condition of producing boards from mixture of wood particles and walnut/almond shells and second stage was evaluation of the effect of different ratios of walnut/almond shells (10 and 30%) and the shell mesh size (≤ 0.7 and ≥ 2 mm) on their mechanical (modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity and internal bonding) and physical (thickness swelling and water absorption) properties. The result of first stage of the study showed that of press pressure of 2.5 and 5 MPa, press temperature of 150 and 180 °C and press time of 5 and 10 minutes, optimum press condition of producing boards from mixture of wood particles and walnut/almond shells are press pressure of 2.5 MPa, press temperature of 180 °C and press time of 5 minutes. The result of second stage of the study showed no meaningful difference between mechanical and physical properties of composite boards containing 10 percent of walnut and almond shell with reference one (board A). Besides, the range of used almond and walnut mesh size had no meaningful differences.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Treatment on the Physic-Mechanical Characteristics of Eucalyptusurophylla S.T. Blake

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6643
Author(s):  
Lin Yang ◽  
Honghui Jin
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Water Vapor Adsorption ◽  
Moderate Temperature ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Wood Color

Eucalyptus plantations wood have great potential application in high quality solid wood product. In order to improve the overall characteristics, heat treatments (HT) were carried out using Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake wood at 150, 170 and 190 °C, for 2 and 4 h, separately. The effects of HT on physical and mechanical properties, wood color, dimensional stability and chemical change were investigated. The results indicate that: Mass loss (ML) of wood at a moderate temperature of 150 °C was small, but increased remarkably when temperature exceeds 170 °C. A maximum ML of 5.83% was observed at 190 °C/4 h; the velocity of water vapor adsorption and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of HT wood decreased significantly, and varied considerably with treating severity; absolute dry density of HT wood decreased, presenting a similar tendency with ML, but the reduction was greater than ML; HT reduced the tangential and radial swelling ratio and swelling coefficients of wood, and improved the dimensional stability by 71.88% at 190 °C; modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of HT wood varied significantly in severer conditions, but there were no obvious changes in a moderate conditions at 150 °C; there was a slight color change at 150 °C, but wood color became more dark and uniform with treating severity; HT decreased the relative content of hydroxyl groups in wood components, improving wood dimensional stability. Color change of wood may be caused by variations of chromophoric groups and its own structure of lignin due to HT. Moderate temperature HT at 150 °C improved dimensional stability and color uniform of wood, but without reducing mechanical stress. This is a practical HT condition for Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake.

scholarly journals Alien Wood Species as a Resource for Wood-Plastic Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Sergej Medved ◽  
Daša Krapež Tomec ◽  
Angela Balzano ◽  
Maks Merela
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites

Since invasive alien species are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss in the region and thus of changes in ecosystem services, it is important to find the best possible solution for their removal from nature and the best practice for their usability. The aim of the study was to investigate their properties as components of wood-plastic composites and to investigate the properties of the wood-plastic composites produced. The overall objective was to test the potential of available alien plant species as raw material for the manufacture of products. This would contribute to sustainability and give them a better chance of ending their life cycle. One of the possible solutions on a large scale is to use alien wood species for the production of wood plastic composites (WPC). Five invasive alien hardwood species have been used in combination with polyethylene powder (PE) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) to produce various flat pressed WPC boards. Microstructural analyses (confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and mechanical tests (flexural strength, tensile strength) were performed. Furthermore, measurements of density, thickness swelling, water absorption and dimensional stability during heating and cooling were carried out. Comparisons were made between the properties of six WPC boards (five alien wood species and mixed boards). The results showed that the differences between different invasive alien wood species were less obvious in mechanical properties, while the differences in sorption properties and dimensional stability were more significant. The analyses of the WPC structure showed a good penetration of the polymer into the lumens of the wood cells and a fine internal structure without voids. These are crucial conditions to obtain a good, mechanically strong and water-resistant material.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Antioxidant and Hydrophobic Properties of Alginate via Aromatic Derivatization: Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2575
Author(s):  
Smaher M. Elbayomi ◽  
Haili Wang ◽  
Tamer M. Tamer ◽  
Yezi You
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Benzoyl Group ◽  
Antioxidant Evaluation ◽  
Thermo Stability

The preparation of bioactive polymeric molecules requires the attention of scientists as it has a potential function in biomedical applications. In the current study, functional substitution of alginate with a benzoyl group was prepared via coupling its hydroxyl group with benzoyl chloride. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the characteristic peaks of aromatic C=C in alginate derivative at 1431 cm−1. HNMR analysis demonstrated the aromatic protons at 7.5 ppm assigned to benzoyl groups attached to alginate hydroxyl groups. Wetting analysis showed a decrease in hydrophilicity in the new alginate derivative. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the designed aromatic alginate derivative demonstrated higher thermo-stability than alginates. The aromatic alginate derivative displayed high anti-inflammatory properties compared to alginate. Finally, the in vitro antioxidant evaluation of the aromatic alginate derivative showed a significant increase in free radical scavenging activity compared to neat alginate against DPPH (2,2-diphenyll-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS free radicals. The obtained results proposed that the new alginate derivative could be employed for gene and drug delivery applications.

scholarly journals Suitability of Hybrid Acacia Wood for Manufacturing Plywood and Particleboard

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahaman ◽  
K Akhter ◽  
D Biswas ◽  
MW Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Press Temperature ◽  
Natural Crossing ◽  
Press Time ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Hybrid acacia, produced from natural crossing between two introduced timber species Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformies has been studied for assessing the suitability of plywood and particleboard manufacture. It was found that 1.5 mm thick smooth and figured veneer can be made and dried easily. Three-ply plywood were made using veneer of this species bonded with liquid urea formaldehyde glue of 50% solid content extended with wheat flower and catalyzed (ammonium chloride) with 2% hardener under the specific pressures, viz., 1.05, 1.40 and 1.76 N/mm2 in three replications at 6 minute press time and 120°C press temperature. Dry and wet shear test were conducted on the sample and their shear load at failure per unit area and percentage of wood failure were determined. 1.76 N/mm2 pressure for the manufacture of ply wood is found to be the best. The particleboard was tested for determining the strength and dimensional stability. The bending strength passed the standard specification, tensile strength was found to be low as per Indian standard. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i2.12960 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 2, 171-176, 2012

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