scholarly journals Extracellular matrix alterations in the skin of patients affected by psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Fatima Muaccad Gama Wagner ◽  
Thérèse Rachell Theodoro ◽  
Carlos D’. Apparecida Santos Machad Filho ◽  
Luiza Keiko Matsuka Oyafuso ◽  
Maria Aparecida Silva Pinhal
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Psoriasis Patient ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psoriasis Plaque ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Skin Samples

Abstract Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease dependent upon a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and immunological factors. It is characterized by skin lesions throughout the body, causing great morbidity and affecting life quality. The present study aimed to evaluate the protein and mRNA expression of heparanase-1 (HPSE), heparanase-2 (HPSE2), syndecan-1 (SYND1), metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9), and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2) in skin samples. Methods From each psoriasis patient, two samples were collected, one sample from a psoriasis plaque (n = 23) and the other sample from non-affected skin (n = 23), as well as tissue collected by blepharoplasty from control individuals (n = 18). Protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry, followed by digital quantification. Quantitative RT-PCR obtained mRNA expression. Statistical analyses were done, and p values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results A significant increase in protein and mRNA expression was observed in both heparanases (HPSE and HPSE2), and higher protein levels of MMP9 and TIMP2 were observed in the psoriasis plaque compared to the non-affected skin. The data point to a probable activation of MMP2 by TIMP2. Moreover, there was a significant increase in HPSE2, SYND1, MMP9, and TIMP2 in non-affected skin samples from patients with psoriasis than in the control sample (tissue obtained by individuals who do not have psoriasis). Conclusions These results show a possible correlation between the characteristic inflammatory process and alterations in the expression of the extracellular matrix in psoriasis. The increased expression of HPSE2, SYND1, MMP9, and TIMP2, even in the absence of psoriatic plaque, indicates that these molecules may be involved with extracellular matrix changes in the initial alterations the psoriatic process and may be candidates for the development of target treatments.

A Critical Review on Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) - An Ayurvedic View

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip R. Baheti ◽  
Deepa Sharma ◽  
Saroj Devi ◽  
Amit Rai
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Asthma Symptoms

Difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath may be simply termed as Shwasa (Asthma), As per Ayurveda, Shwasa is mainly caused by the Vata and Kapha Doshas. Shwasa is broadly classified into five types in Maha Shwasa (Dyspnoea major), Urdhawa Shwasa (Expiratory Dyspnoea), Chinna Shwasa (Chyne-stroke respiration), Kshudra Shwasa (Dyspnoea minor), Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma). In modern science Tamaka Shwasa can be correlated with Asthma, Asthma which is a chronic inflammatory disease of airway. In modern medicine there is no cure for Asthma, symptoms can typically be improved. In Ayurveda, Asthma can be effectively and safely manage the condition without inducing any drug dependency where Pachakarma procedures and use of internal medication detoxifies the body, provides nutrition and increases the elasticity of lung tissue it also develops natural immunity of the body thus decreasing episodic recurrence of the disease.

Functional analysis of chondroitin 4 sulfate constituting osseointegration

Impact ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (8) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Shuhei Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Tooth Replacement ◽  
Living Bone ◽  
Natural Tooth

Osseointegration can be defined as a direct connection, both structural and functional, between living bone and the surface of an artificial implant. Indeed, the word comes from the Greek term for 'bone' and 'to make whole'. In dentistry, once dental implants are placed, the body will react with osseointegration, enabling the implants to become a permanent part of the jaw. There are many benefits to this type of implant, compared with traditional tooth replacement options, not least that dental implants mimic the strength and functionality of a natural tooth. Dr Shuhei Tsuchiya is a researcher based in the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Nagoya University, Japan, who is interested in a range of areas, including regenerative medicine and the extracellular matrix. One of his key preoccupations, though, is shedding light on osseointegration. He and his team are working to unravel the mysteries of the mechanism.

scholarly journals 14 Characterization of adipose tissue extracellular matrix component mRNA expression during porcine adipogenesis using real-time PCR

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
Maegan A Reeves ◽  
Courtney E Charlton ◽  
Terry D Brandebourg
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Type I ◽  
Matrix Metallopeptidase

Abstract Given adipose tissue is histologically classified as connective tissue, we hypothesized expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components are significantly altered during adipogenesis. However, little is known about the regulation of the ECM during adipose tissue development in the pig. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize expression of ECM components during porcine adipogenesis. Primary cultures of adipose tissue stromal-vascular cells were harvested from 3-day-old neonatal pigs (n=6) and preadipocytes induced to differentiate in vitro for 8 days in the presence of insulin, hydrocortisone, and rosiglitazone. Total RNA was extracted from these cultures on days 0 and 8 post-induction. Real-time PCR was then utilized to determine changes in mRNA expression for collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A), collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL2A), collagen type I alpha 3 chain (COL3A), collagen type I alpha 4 chain (COL4A), collagen type I alpha 6 chain (COL6A), biglycan, fibronectin, laminin, nitogen-1 (NID1), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3). The mRNA abundances of COL1A, COL3A and MMP2 were significantly downregulated 2.86-fold (P &lt; 0.05), 16.7-fold (P &lt; 0.01) and 3.1-fold (P &lt; 0.05) respectively in day 8 (differentiated) compared to day 0 (undifferentiated) cultures. Meanwhile, mRNA abundances were significantly upregulated during adipogenesis for the COL2A (2.82-fold; P &lt; 0.05), COL4A (2.01-fold; P &lt; 0.05), COL6A (2.8-fold; P &lt; 0.05), biglycan (49.9- fold; P &lt; 0.001), fibronectin (452-fold; P &lt; 0.001), laminin (6.1-fold; P &lt; 0.05), NID1(47.4-fold; P &lt; 0.01), MMP9 (76.8- fold; P &lt; 0.01), and TIMP3(3.04-fold; P &lt; 0.05) genes. These data support the hypothesis that significant changes in ECM components occur during porcine adipogenesis. Modulating adipose tissue ECM remodeling might be a novel strategy to manipulate adiposity in the pig.

scholarly journals THU0010 GENES ASSOCIATED WITH NUCLEOTIDE OLIGOMERIZATION DOMAIN-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY ARE UPREGULATED IN CUTANEOUS LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 217.3-217
Author(s):  
I. Calderon ◽  
R. Mina
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Cutaneous Lupus ◽  
Skin Samples

Background:Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE) is a disfiguring autoimmune skin disorder with several subtypes: discoid lupus, subacute cutaneous lupus, and acute cutaneous lupus. CLE is associated with defects in the adaptive immune system, and, at times, systemic involvement. The innate immune system is likely involved as seen in the presence of interface dermatitis, which is observed in viral exanthems, and improvement of CLE using inhibitors to membrane-bound Pattern Recognition Receptors.Objectives:Compare the expression of genes associated with the innate immune system in active CLE skin lesions of different subtypes compared to normal skin controls.Methods:Five datasets selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were analyzed using GEO2R to compare the gene expressions between different subtypes of CLE. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, Gene Card, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway analysis were used to identify the interaction and function of specific genes.Results:There were a total of 147 CLE skin samples and 52 normal controls. Genes associated with the Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor (NLR) signaling pathway were upregulated in CLE skin samples (adjusted p-value < 0.001). Five genes associated with the NLR signaling pathway, STAT1, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and AIM2, were found to be upregulated in skin samples of CLE patients in all datasets, regardless of type, compared to normal controls in all datasets. These five genes are associated with transcription activation, regulation of viral infection, and interferon response.Conclusion:Genes associated with the NLR signaling pathway are upregulated in the skin lesions of CLE patients compared to normal controls, supporting the role of the innate immune system in CLE. Further validation studies using experimental methods are needed.References:[1]Enhanced inflammasome activity in systemic lupus erythematosus is mediated via type I interferon upregulation of interferon regulatory factor 1. Liu J, et al. Arth Rheum. 2017; 69(9): 1840-1849.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Optical Microscopy and the Extracellular Matrix Structure: A Review

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1760
Author(s):  
Joshua J. A. Poole ◽  
Leila B. Mostaço-Guidolin
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Structured Illumination ◽  
Structured Illumination Microscopy

Biological tissues are not uniquely composed of cells. A substantial part of their volume is extracellular space, which is primarily filled by an intricate network of macromolecules constituting the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM serves as the scaffolding for tissues and organs throughout the body, playing an essential role in their structural and functional integrity. Understanding the intimate interaction between the cells and their structural microenvironment is central to our understanding of the factors driving the formation of normal versus remodelled tissue, including the processes involved in chronic fibrotic diseases. The visualization of the ECM is a key factor to track such changes successfully. This review is focused on presenting several optical imaging microscopy modalities used to characterize different ECM components. In this review, we describe and provide examples of applications of a vast gamut of microscopy techniques, such as widefield fluorescence, total internal reflection fluorescence, laser scanning confocal microscopy, multipoint/slit confocal microscopy, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), second and third harmonic generation (SHG, THG), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), structured illumination microscopy (SIM), stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED), ground-state depletion microscopy (GSD), and photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM/fPALM), as well as their main advantages, limitations.

scholarly journals MCPIP1/Regnase-1 Expression in Keratinocytes of Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Preliminary Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7241
Author(s):  
Piotr K. Krajewski ◽  
Weronika Szukała ◽  
Agata Lichawska-Cieślar ◽  
Łukasz Matusiak ◽  
Jolanta Jura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Chemotactic Protein ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Skin Biopsies

The pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is yet to be fully understood. However, inflammation is a key element in the development of skin lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) in the skin of patients suffering from HS. Skin biopsies of 15 patients with HS and 15 healthy controls were obtained and processed for immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real time PCR. The highest mean MCPIP1 mRNA expression was found in the inflammatory lesional skin of HS patients. It was significantly higher than MCPIP1 mRNA expression in the biopsies from both healthy controls and non-lesional skin of HS patients. Western blot analysis indicated that expression of MCPIP1 was elevated within both lesional and non-lesional skin compared to the healthy control. The increased MCPIP1 mRNA and protein expression level in HS lesions may indicate its possible role in the disease pathogenesis.

Norwegian or Crusted Sarcoptic Mange in Two Leishmanial Dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
Flora Kaltsogianni ◽  
Rania Farmaki ◽  
Alexander F. Koutinas
Keyword(s):  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Crusted Scabies ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test

ABSTRACT Norwegian or crusted scabies (N/CS) is a rare skin disease with very few cases reported in the dog or the cat. Two adult, stray dogs were admitted in our clinic with a generalized, multifocal to diffuse and nonpruritic dermatitis that was characterized by severe crusting, scaling, and ulceration. In both instances, leishmaniosis and N/CS were diagnosed by immunofluorescent antibody test serology, lymph node cytology, and skin scrapings in which high numbers of Sarcoptes mites were found. The combination of miticidal and antileishmanial treatment, supported by topical treatment and nutritional support, resulted in the complete resolution of the skin lesions and spectacular improvement of the body condition in both cases. Dog 1 eventually died from end-stage kidney disease attributed to leishmaniosis-associated glomerulonephritis, whereas the also proteinuric dog 2 remains clinically healthy. The manifestation of the rare type of N/CS in these dogs could be attributed to cell-mediated immunosuppression, which was most likely induced by leishmaniosis and malnutrition. The necessity of searching for leishmaniosis in those scabietic cases, especially in the endemic areas of leishmaniosis, is strongly recommended.

Regulation of mesenchymal extracellular matrix protein synthesis by transforming growth factor-beta and glucocorticoids in tumor stroma

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 2153-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Talts ◽  
A. Weller ◽  
R. Timpl ◽  
M. Ekblom ◽  
P. Ekblom
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Tenascin C ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Matrix Components

We have here studied the composition and regulation of stromal extracellular matrix components in an experimental tumor model. Nude mice were inoculated with WCCS-1 cells, a human Wilms' tumor cell line. In the formed tumors the stroma was found to contain mesenchymal extracellular matrix proteins such as tenascin-C, fibulins-1 and 2 and fibronectin, but no nidogen. Nidogen was confined to basement membranes of tumor blood vessels. Since glucocorticoids have been shown to downregulate tenascin-C expression in vitro, we tested whether dexamethasone can influence biosynthesis of extracellular matrix components during tumor formation in vivo. A downregulation of tenascin-C mRNA and an upregulation of fibronectin mRNA expression by dexamethasone was noted. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 mRNA levels were unaffected by the dexamethasone treatment. Glucocorticoids can thus downregulate tenascin-C synthesis although local stimulatory growth factors are present. The competition between a negative and a positive extrinsic factor on synthesis of stromal extracellular matrix components was studied in a fibroblast/preadipocyte cell line. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 stimulated tenascin-C synthesis but did not affect fibronectin or fibulin-2 synthesis. Dexamethasone at high concentrations could completely suppress the effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on tenascin-C mRNA expression. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 could in turn overcome the downregulation of tenascin-C mRNA expression caused by a lower concentration of dexamethasone. We therefore suggest that the limited expression of tenascin-C in part is due to a continuous suppression by physiological levels of glucocorticoids, which can be overcome by local stimulatory growth factors when present in sufficient amounts.

Invasive cutaneous cryptococcosis of the nasal planum in a cat – case report

2018 ◽  
Vol XXIII (133) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Ana Cláudia Balda ◽  
Juliana Cristina Gonçalves ◽  
Renata Cristina Menezes ◽  
Ana Cristina Fascetti de Souza ◽  
Guilherme Durante Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Deep Mycosis ◽  
The City ◽  
Cutaneous Cryptococcosis

Crytococcosis is the most common deep mycosis in cats, despite its rarity in the medical practice of small animals. The infectious agent of the disease is Cryptococcus sp, an opportunistic fungus that can spread throughout the body. An approximately two-year-old mixed breed cat, weighting 3 kg was presented to a private practice in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Physical examination relealed pyogranulomatous skin lesions, mainly on the nasal planum and the second digit of the left thoracic lim. The animal presented no neurological or respiratory signs. The response to antifulgal on cutaneous lesions was favorable, but the animal did not resist a second sedation and died within twenty-eight days after starting treatment. This report shows an atypical case of cryptococcosis due to the lack of immunodeficiency.

IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES AND DEVELOPMENT COMPOUNDINGS OF THE BAKERY PRODUCTS OF THE FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE ENRICHED WITH CALCIUM, PROTEIN AND β-CAROTENE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. МАЦЕЙЧИК ◽  
С.М. КОРПАЧЕВА ◽  
Е.А. СУВОРОВА ◽  
А.Н. ТКАЧ
Keyword(s):  
Information Matrix ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Mechanochemical Processing ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Functional Purpose ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Min Cut

Разработаны рецептуры хлебобулочных изделий на основе сухой подсырной деминерализованной сыворотки «Вимм-билль-данн» с добавлением тонкодисперсного порошка из яичной скорлупы механохимической обработки и растительных порошков из свеклы, клюквы и моркови после инфракрасной обработки. С помощью математического моделирования путем решения задач линейного программирования подобраны оптимальные соотношения ингредиентов рецептур, представленные в виде информационной матрицы для проектирования. Усовершенствована технология приготовления новых хлебобулочных изделий: просеянную сыворотку разводят водой в соотношении 1 : 10, добавляют измельченные овсяные хлопья и замачивают на 15 мин; в полученную смесь вводят ингредиенты: подготовленные дрожжи активированные, порошок ИК-сушки из растительных ингредиентов и порошок из яичной скорлупы, размягченное сливочное масло, просеянную муку с аскорбиновой кислотой; производят замешивание теста в течение 7–8 мин при увеличенной скорости до однородной консистенции; тесто оставляют для брожения на 35 мин, разделывают на шарики массой 50 г и ставят на расстойку на 20 мин, выпекают при температуре 180–200°С в течение 20 мин. Установлено, что ускоренная механическая обработка интенсифицирует процессы приготовления теста, сокращая их продолжительность, мин: брожения с 75 до 35, расстойки с 55 до 20, выпечки от 5 до 2 по сравнению с контрольным образцом. Потребление разработанных хлебобулочных изделий удовлетворяет от 10 до 15% суточной потребности организма в β-каротине, кальции и белке. Разработанные хлебобулочные изделия соответствуют требованиям ТР ТС 021/2011 и рекомендованы в качестве функциональных продуктов детского, диетического и геронтологического питания. Bakery products on the basis of the dry demineralized whey powder Wimm-Bill-Dann with addition of fine powder of an egg shell of mechanochemical processing and vegetable powders of infrared processing from beet, a cranberry and carrots are developed. With the help of mathematical modeling by solving problems of linear programming the optimal ratio of the ingredients of the formulations presented in the form of an information matrix for the design are selected. The technology of preparation of new bakery products is improved: the sifted serum is diluted with water in a ratio of 1 : 10, the crushed oat flakes are added and soaked for 15 min; the ingredients are introduced into the resulting mixture: prepared activated yeast, IR drying powder from plant ingredients and eggshell powder, softened butter, sifted flour with ascorbic acid; kneading the dough for 7–8 min at an increased speed to a homogeneous consistency; the dough is left to ferment for 35 min, cut into balls weighing 50 g and put on proofing for 20 min and bake at 180–200°C for 20 min. It was found that accelerated machining intensifies the dough preparation processes, reducing their duration, min: fermentation from 75 to 35, proofing from 55 to 20, baking from 5 to 2 compared to the control sample. The consumption of the developed bakery products meets from 10 to 15% of the daily needs of the body in β-carotene, calcium and protein. The developed bakery products conform to requirements of TR CU 021/2011 and are recommended as functional products of baby, dietary and gerontological food.

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