scholarly journals Colorectal cancer treatment using bacteria: focus on molecular mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Hossein Ahangari ◽  
Alireza Soleimanian ◽  
Kamran Hosseini ◽  
Vida Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer which is related to genetic and environmental risk factors, is among the most prevalent life-threatening cancers. Although several pathogenic bacteria are associated with colorectal cancer etiology, some others are considered as highly selective therapeutic agents in colorectal cancer. Nowadays, researchers are concentrating on bacteriotherapy as a novel effective therapeutic method with fewer or no side effects to pay the way of cancer therapy. The introduction of advanced and successful strategies in bacterial colorectal cancer therapy could be useful to identify new promising treatment strategies for colorectal cancer patients. Main text In this article, we scrutinized the beneficial effects of bacterial therapy in colorectal cancer amelioration focusing on different strategies to use a complete bacterial cell or bacterial-related biotherapeutics including toxins, bacteriocins, and other bacterial peptides and proteins. In addition, the utilization of bacteria as carriers for gene delivery or other known active ingredients in colorectal cancer therapy are reviewed and ultimately, the molecular mechanisms targeted by the bacterial treatment in the colorectal cancer tumors are detailed. Conclusions Application of the bacterial instrument in cancer treatment is on its way through becoming a promising method of colorectal cancer targeted therapy with numerous successful studies and may someday be a practical strategy for cancer treatment, particularly colorectal cancer.

Bispecific antibodies in colorectal cancer therapy: recent insights and emerging concepts

Immunotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Ghalamfarsa ◽  
Seyyed Hossein Khatami ◽  
Omid Vakili ◽  
Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh ◽  
Amir Tajbakhsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Bispecific Antibodies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Tumor Associated Antigen ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is identified as a life-threatening malignancy. Despite several efforts and proceedings available for CRC therapy, it is still a health concern. Among a vast array of novel therapeutic procedures, employing bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) is currently considered to be a promising approach for cancer therapy. BsAbs, as a large family of molecules designed to realize two distinct epitopes or antigens, can be beneficial microgadgets to target the tumor-associated antigen pairs. On the other hand, applying the immune system's capabilities to attack malignant cells has been proven as a tremendous development in cancer therapeutic projects. The current study has attempted to overview some of the approved BsAbs in CRC therapy and those under clinical trials. For this purpose, reputable scientific search engines and databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, etc., were explored using the keywords ‘bispecific antibodies’, ‘colorectal cancer’, ‘immunotherapy’ and ‘tumor markers’.

scholarly journals Anti-Cancer and Protective Effects of Royal Jelly for Therapy-Induced Toxicities in Malignancies

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi Miyata ◽  
Hideki Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glandular Secretion ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Future ◽  
Queen Honeybee

Royal jelly (RJ) is a glandular secretion produced by worker honeybees and is a special food for the queen honeybee. It results in a significant prolongation of the lifespan of the queen honeybee compared with the worker honeybees through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities. Consequently, RJ is used as cosmetic and dietary supplement throughout the world. In addition, in vitro studies and animal experiments have demonstrated that RJ inhibits cell proliferation and stimulates apoptosis in various types of malignant cells and affects the production of various chemokines, anti-oxidants and growth factors and the expression of cancer-related molecules in patients with malignancies, especially in patients treated with anti-cancer agents. Therefore, RJ is thought to exert anti-cancer effects on tumor growth and exhibit protective functions against drug-induced toxicities. RJ has also been demonstrated to be useful for suppression of adverse events, the maintenance of the quality of life during treatment and the improvement of prognosis in animal models and patients with malignancies. To understand the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of RJ, knowledge of the changes induced at the molecular level by RJ with respect to cell survival, inflammation, oxidative stress and other cancer-related factors is essential. In addition, the effects of combination therapies of RJ and other anti-cancer agents or natural compounds are important to determine the future direction of RJ-based treatment strategies. Therefore, in this review, we have covered the following five issues: (1) the anti-cancer effects of RJ and its main component, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid; (2) the protective effects of RJ against anti-cancer agent-induced toxicities; (3) the molecular mechanisms of such beneficial effects of RJ; (4) the safety and toxicity of RJ; and (5) the future directions of RJ-based treatment strategies, with a discussion on the limitations of the study of the biological activities of RJ.

scholarly journals Health professionals’ perceptions of colorectal cancer patients’ treatment burden and their supportive work to ameliorate the burden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Lunde Husebø ◽  
Bjørg Karlsen ◽  
Sissel I. Eikeland Husebø
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Treatment Burden ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Treatment

Abstract Background. Support is pivotal for patients in managing colorectal cancer treatment, as they might be overwhelmed by the burden of treatment. There is scarce knowledge regarding health professionals’ perceptions of colorectal cancer patients’ burdens and supportive needs. The study aims to describe health professionals’ perspectives on treatment burden among patients receiving curative surgical treatment for colorectal cancer during the hospital stay and how they support patients to ameliorate the burden.Methods: This study has a descriptive and explorative qualitative design, using semi-structured interviews with nine health professionals recruited from a gastrointestinal-surgery ward at a university hospital in Norway. Data were analysed by using systematic text condensation. Results: Data analysis identified the themes “capturing patients’ burdens of colorectal cancer treatment” and “health professionals’ support to ameliorate the burden”. Patients with colorectal cancer had to face burdens related to a challenging emotional situation, treatment complications and side effects, and an extensive need for information. A trusting patient-carer relationship was therefore perceived as the essence of health professionals’ support. Health professionals focused their support on safeguarding patients, motivating patients to self-manage, and involving family and peers as supporters. Patients’ journey characteristics and illness severity challenged health professionals’ supportive work. Conclusion: Support from health professionals includes providing patients emotional support and relevant treatment-related information and motivating patients for early post-surgical mobilisation. Health professionals should be aware of identifying colorectal cancer patients’ information needs according to the specific treatment stages, which may ameliorate the burden of colorectal cancer treatment and enable patients to self-manage.

scholarly journals A Transcriptomic Approach Reveals Selective Ribosomal Remodelling in the Tumour Versus the Stromal Compartment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4188
Author(s):  
Elena Lastraioli ◽  
Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti ◽  
Francesco Di Costanzo ◽  
Cesare Sala ◽  
Luca Munaron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene List ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mitochondrial Ribosome

Because of its high incidence and poor prognosis, colorectal cancer (CRC) represents an important health issue in several countries. As with other carcinomas, the so-called tumour microenvironment (TME) has been shown to play key roles in CRC progression and related therapeutical outcomes, even though a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is needed to devise new treatment strategies. For some years now, omics technologies and consolidated bioinformatics pipelines have allowed scientists to access large amounts of biologically relevant information, even when starting from small tissue samples; thus, in order to shed new light upon the role of the TME in CRC, we compared the gene expression profiles of 6 independent tumour tissues (all progressed towards metastatic disease) to the expression profile of the surrounding stromata. To do this, paraffin-embedded whole tissues were first microdissected to obtain samples enriched with tumour and stromal cells, respectively. Afterwards, RNA was extracted and analysed using a microarray-based approach. A thorough bioinformatics analysis was then carried out to identify transcripts differentially expressed between the two groups and possibly enriched functional terms. Overall, 193 genes were found to be significantly downregulated in tumours compared to the paired stromata. The functional analysis of the downregulated gene list revealed three principal macro areas of interest: the extracellular matrix, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Conversely, among the upregulated genes, the main alterations detected by the functional annotation were related to the ribosomal proteins (rProteins) of both the large (60S) and small (40S) subunits of the cytosolic ribosomes. Subsequent gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed the massive overexpression of most cytosolic—but not mitochondrial—ribosome rProteins.

scholarly journals Advances in CpG Island Methylator Phenotype Colorectal Cancer Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Zhang ◽  
Wenjun Zhang ◽  
Pingan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Cpg Island Methylator Phenotype ◽  
Methylator Phenotype ◽  
Molecular Phenotypes ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

With the aging of the population, the incidence of colorectal cancer in China is increasing. One of the epigenetic alterations: CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) plays an important role in the incidence of colorectal cancer. Recent studies have shown that CIMP is closely related to some specific clinicopathological phenotypes and multiple molecular phenotypes in colorectal cancer. In this paper, the newest progress of CIMP colorectal cancer in chemotherapeutic drugs, targeted agents and small molecular methylation inhibitors are going to be introduced. We hope to provide potential clinical treatment strategies for personalized and precise treatment of colorectal cancer patients.

scholarly journals Prognosis for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Achieving Complete Response After Systemic Chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Manabe ◽  
Yasumasa Takii ◽  
Hidehito Oyanagi ◽  
Hitoshi Nogami ◽  
Satoshi Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Systemic Chemotherapy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Maintenance Chemotherapy ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

Abstract Background: Despite marked recent advances in chemotherapy, few reports have focused on the prognosis for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) achieving complete response (CR) after systemic chemotherapy. This study investigated the clinical course of mCRC patients achieving CR and evaluated the role of CR in chemotherapy.Methods: This retrospective study searched a prospectively maintained database at the author’s institute to identify medical records for mCRC patients achieving CR after systematic chemotherapy from January 2007 to March 2020.Results: The search yielded 23 patients with confirmed CR to systemic chemotherapy. Median time to CR from treatment initiation was 6.8 months. Maintenance chemotherapy was continued for 22 of 23 patients. Median duration of maintenance chemotherapy was 11.1 months. Disease progression occurred for 17 (73.9%) patients at a median 48.1-month follow-up. Median progression-free survival was 26.6 months. Median overall survival was 91.7 months.Conclusions: Patients with CR to chemotherapy had a high probability of disease progression, but a relatively long-term prognosis. Treatment strategies after achievement of CR should be based an understanding of the high potential that tumor cells will remain. Use of maintenance chemotherapy after achievement of CR is still unclear, the recent data do not demonstrate a negative impact for continuing maintenance chemotherapy after CR.

Rhodiola and salidroside in the treatment of metabolic disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 1611-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Li Bai ◽  
Xiu-Ling Deng ◽  
Guang-Jie Wu ◽  
Wen-Jing Li ◽  
Si Jin
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Over the past three decades, the knowledge gained about the mechanisms that underpin the potential use of Rhodiola in stress- and ageing-associated disorders has increased, and provided a universal framework for studies that focused on the use of Rhodiola in preventing or curing metabolic diseases. Of particular interest is the emerging role of Rhodiola in the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Moreover, over the last two decades, great efforts have been undertaken to unravel the underlying mechanisms of action of Rhodiola in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Extracts of Rhodiola and salidroside, the most abundant active compound in Rhodiola, are suggested to provide a beneficial effect in mental, behavioral, and metabolic disorders. Both in vivo and ex vivo studies, Rhodiola extracts and salidroside ameliorate metabolic disorders when administered acutely or prior to experimental injury. The mechanism involved includes multi-target effects by modulating various synergistic pathways that control oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondria, autophagy, and cell death, as well as AMPK signaling that is associated with possible beneficial effects on metabolic disorders. However, evidence-based data supporting the effectiveness of Rhodiola or salidroside in treating metabolic disorders is limited. Therefore, a comprehensive review of available trials showing putative treatment strategies of metabolic disorders that include both clinical effective perspectives and fundamental molecular mechanisms is warranted. This review highlights studies that focus on the potential role of Rhodiola extracts and salidroside in type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis, the two most common metabolic diseases.

Managing colorectal cancer patients in the COVID-19 era: international discussion on the role of precision medicine in triaging patients

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

The global COVID-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on cancer treatment. Oncologists must now incorporate the risks of coronavirus infection into their decision making. Precision medicine tools identifying the most appropriate treatment strategies for individual patients has never been more important Two recent articles published in the journal Colorectal Cancer address this issue from the US and Latin America perspective and provide considerations for optimizing the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer whilst minimizing the risk of coronavirus infection. This video brings together the authors of both publications to discuss their articles and provide their own personal experiences using risk-assessment tools such as Immunoscore in triaging colorectal cancer patients. This international discussion provides oncologists and other healthcare professionals with valuable insights into the multidisciplinary approaches to colorectal cancer management that are needed on the COVID-19 era.

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