Supplemental bifid triple viable capsule treatment improves inflammatory response and T cell frequency in ulcerative colitis patients

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis is a common non-specific chronic disease. Supplementing probiotics has become an important method for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. This study aimed to explore the effect of supplementing bifid triple viable capsules on background mesalazine plus somatostatin on plasma inflammatory factors and T cell frequency in ulcerative colitis patients. Methods A total of 130 ulcerative colitis patients admitted to our hospital from August 2018 to March 2020 were included and divided into the experimental group (65 patients with mesalazine plus somatostatin and bifid triple viable capsules for treatment) and the control group (65 patients treated with mesalazine plus somatostatin) using the random number table method. Bifid triple viable bacteria capsules were given orally, 420 mg each time, with 3 times a day for 2 months. Results Before treatment, the plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, hs-CRP, TNF-α, D-lactic acid, and endotoxin (ET), CD4+, CD8+, CD4/CD8 ratio, diamine oxidase (DA0), emotional ability, social ability, intestinal and systemic symptoms were not significantly different between the two groups (all P > 0.05). After treatment, the plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, hs-CRP, and TNF-α decreased in both groups, and were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The levels of CD4+ and CD4/CD8 ratio increased, and were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the CD8+ levels were reduced, and were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The plasma D-lactic acid, ET, and DA0 levels were decreased, and were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group; emotional ability, social ability, intestinal and systemic symptoms were improved, and were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). During the course of treatment, 2 cases of abdominal discomfort and 1 case of rash occurred in the experimental group, with an adverse event rate of 4.62% (3/65); 3 cases of abdominal discomfort and 2 cases of rash occurred in the control group, with an adverse event rate of 7.69% (5/65). Conclusion The supplementary treatment of bifid triple viable capsules can effectively enhance the curative effect in ulcerative colitis patients, reduce plasma inflammatory factors, and regulate T cell frequency, which is worthy of clinical application.

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Neutral douche: a hydrotherapeutic tool to manage pain and systemic symptoms in primary dysmenorrhea - a randomised controlled study

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2019-0241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Sataz Rahmania ◽

Vanitha Shetty ◽

Balakrishnan Ragavendrasamy

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Whole Body ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽

Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽

Primary Dysmenorrhoea ◽

Systemic Symptoms ◽

Experimental Group

AbstractBackground & ObjectivesThe douche, one of the hydrotherapeutic treatment modality is commonly used by Naturopathy physicians as a treatment of choice in the management of several ailments. This study was done to assess the effect of full body neutral douche in the management of pain and systemic symptoms in adult females with primary dysmenorrhoea.Methods68 subjects of age 18-22 years with primary dysmenorrhoea were recruited for the study and were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 34) and the control group (n = 34). The experimental group received whole body neutral douche, whereas the control group followed the routine as usual. Assessments for the pain, systemic symptoms and menstrual cramps were done by using McGill Pain Questionnaire, Verbal multidimensional scoring system and analog scale for severity of pain and menstrual cramps respectively at baseline, day 30 and day 60 of intervention. Two- way repeated measures of ANOVA was performed to understand the between group changes, adjusted for the respective baseline values and age.ResultData was analyzed with SPSS (Version 21.0) package. Neutral douche resulted in significant improvement in pain [F(2,66) = 114.564, p < 0.0005, partial ?2 = 0.771], severity of pain [F(2,66) = 70.418, p < 0.0005, partial ?2 = 0.681], cramps [F(2,66) = 75.986, p < 0.0005, partial ?2 = 0.697] and systemic symptoms [F(2,66) = 14.64, p < 0.0005, partial ?2 = 0.307] as compared to the control group.ConclusionFindings suggest that neutral douche can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention in the management of pain and systemic symptoms in primary dysmenorrhea.

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Effects of norepinephrine on hemodynamics, vascular elasticity, cardiac pump function, and inflammatory factors in patients with septic shock

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/2058739219838396 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 205873921983839

Author(s):

Fengzhi Wang ◽

Mancui Zhang ◽

Xiujuan Wang ◽

Xiaopeng Zhong ◽

Po Ding

Keyword(s):

Septic Shock ◽

Blood Vessel ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Pump Function ◽

Heart Pump ◽

Cardiac Pump Function ◽

Vascular Elasticity ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Severe Septic Shock

The effects of norepinephrine on hemodynamics, vascular elasticity, cardiac pump function, and inflammatory factors in patients with septic shock remained unknown. In this study, we included 124 cases of severe septic shock patients in our hospital. The patients were randomly divided into control group (treated with dopamine) and experimental group (treated with dopamine plus norepinephrine), while the hemodynamic index (heart rate (HR)), blood vessel elasticity index, heart pump function, and inflammatory factor index were recorded. After 12 h of treatment, both groups showed decreased HR, increased levels of cardiac index (CI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), peripheral vascular resistance index (PVRI), and vascular elasticity ( P < 0.05). To date, lower HR, higher levels of CI, MAP, CVP, and PVRI were observed in the experimental group ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, the vascular elastic coefficient, stiffness index, arterial compliance, and the precursors of plasma amino-terminal brain natriuretic peptide were also significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). However, inflammatory cell tumor necrosis factor alpha factor test group (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were significantly lower than the control group ( P < 0.05), compared to experimental group ( P < 0.05). This research indicates that phenylephrine could significantly improve hemodynamics in patients with severe septic shock, by maintaining blood vessel elasticity, improving heart pump function, and reducing the inflammatory factors’ activities, and this method could be used as a line of vascular tension of the medications used in patients with septic shock.

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Effects of enteral nutrition on heart function, inflammatory markers and immune function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.38.1.4451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dan Zhang ◽

Hongli Li ◽

Xiang Tian ◽

Sujuan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Enteral Nutrition ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Immune Function ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Heart Function ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Experimental Group

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of enteral nutrition on heart function, inflammatory markers and immune function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure and its clinical significance. Methods: Eighty patients with moderate and severe heart failure admitted to the Cardiology Intensive Care Unit (CCU) of Baoding First Central Hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 were included in this study and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group, with 40 patients in each group. The experimental group was given enteral nutrition support therapy on the basis of conventional therapy for one month, while the control group was given restricted salt and water intake on the basis of conventional therapy, and patients were given free diet according to their wishes. The changes in heart function before and after treatment, changes in inflammatory factors such as TNF-a, CRP, IL-6, changes in levels of immunoglobulins such as IgA, IgM, and IgG, and the improvement of the performance status of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: After treatment, indicators such as BNP, LVEDD, LVEF and 6min walking distance in the experimental group were significantly improved compared with the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05), and the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-a, CRP and IL-6 in the experimental group were significantly reduced compared with those in the control group (p=0.00). The levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and other immunoglobulins in the experimental group improved more significantly after treatment than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (IgG, IgA, p=0.00; IgM, p=0.01). Moreover, the experimental group was significantly superior to the control group in the improvement rate of performance status score (ECOG) after treatment (p=0.04); The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions in the experimental group was 20%, and that in the control group was 15%. No statistically significant difference can be observed in the gastrointestinal tolerance of both groups (p=0.56). Conclusions: Reasonable enteral nutrition boasts a variety of benefits for the recovery of elderly patients with chronic heart failure. With reasonable enteral nutrition, the heart function of elderly patients with chronic heart failure can be significantly improved, inflammatory factors can be reduced, immunity and performance status can be enhanced, and gastrointestinal tolerance can be ameliorated without obvious gastrointestinal reactions. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4451 How to cite this:Zhang D, Li H, Tian X, Zhang S. Effects of enteral nutrition on heart function, inflammatory markers and immune function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4451 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Observation on the clinical effect of high-dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin combined with low-dose prednisone acetate in the treatment of patients with Kawasaki Disease

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.37.4.4023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Hao Zhang ◽

Mei-ying Wang ◽

Yong-nan Teng ◽

Xiao-dan Wang ◽

Hai-tao Cao

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Kawasaki Disease ◽

Low Dose ◽

Clinical Effect ◽

Pulse Therapy ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Dose Prednisone

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (HDIVIG) single dose and pulse therapy combined with small-dose prednisone acetate in the treatment of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods: Eighty patients with KD from Baoding Children’s Hospital, China, were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group, each with 40 cases. Patients in the experimental group were treated with HDIVIG single dose, pulse therapy combined with low-dose prednisone acetate, while patients in the control group were treated with conventional-dose immunoglobulin. Patients in both groups were treated with aspirin orally, and given symptomatic treatment including anti-inflammatory, nutritional support, correction of water and electrolyte disturbance and acid-base balance. Peripheral venous blood samples were drawn from all patients at the time of admission, Day-1, Day-7 and Day-14 after treatment, and in the basic state of getting up in the morning, and then the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The time of body temperature falling to normal, lymph node swelling recovery, hands and feet swelling, mucosal hyperemia regression after treatment in the two groups was recorded, and the treatment effect of the two groups was comprehensively evaluated. Results: After treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-a, CRP, IL-6 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In addition, the time of body temperature falling to normal, lymph node swelling recovery, hands and feet swelling, and mucosal hyperemia regression in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (p=0.00). The effective rate of the experimental group was 95% and that of the control group was 80%, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.04). Conclusion: HDIVIG single dose, pulse therapy combined with small-dose prednisone acetate has a favourable therapeutic effect in the treatment of patients with KD, by which the inflammatory factors can be significantly improved, clinical symptoms and weight can be quickly ameliorated, and therapeutic effect can be enhanced. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.4023 How to cite this:Zhang H, Wang MY, Teng YN, Wang XD, Cao HT. Observation on the clinical effect of high-dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin combined with low-dose prednisone acetate in the treatment of patients with Kawasaki Disease. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.4023 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Clinical Effects of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Treating Severe Preeclampsia and Its Influence on Maternal and Infant Outcomes after Cesarean Section under Combined Lumbar and Epidural Anesthesia

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6366914 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Xiaolu Wang ◽

Wenpeng Wei ◽

Yanyan Qi ◽

Lihua Dong ◽

Yun Zhang

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Epidural Anesthesia ◽

Western Medicine ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Infant Outcomes ◽

Maternal And Infant Outcomes ◽

Experimental Group

Objective. This study is aimed to observe the clinical effects of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in treating severe preeclampsia (SPE) and its effects on maternal and infant outcomes after cesarean section under combined lumbar and epidural anesthesia. Method. One hundred and sixty-six pregnant women with SPE were randomly divided into an experimental group and control group, with 83 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional treatments such as magnesium sulfate, and the experimental group received self-made traditional Chinese medicine decoction for oral administration. Results. The total clinical effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. After treatment, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and 24 h proteinuria (24 h PRO) levels of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group. After cesarean section (c-section) under combined lumbar and epidural anesthesia, there were statistically significant differences in placental abruption, uterine weakness, fetal intrauterine distress, and neonatal asphyxia in the experimental group, while there were no significant differences in oligohydramnios. After treatment, the contents of inflammatory factors in both groups decreased, and the decrease was more prominent in the experimental group. After treatment, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and albumin (Alb) and β2 microglobulin (β2-MG) of the two groups of patients decreased, and the levels of them in the experimental group decreased. After treatment, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the two groups increased. However, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) all reduced, and the increase or decrease in the experimental group was more prominent. Conclusion. The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine can reduce the blood pressure of a patient with SPE. After the combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and cesarean section, it can significantly improve the maternal and infant outcomes and renal function, reduce inflammatory factors levels and body oxidative stress, and increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes.

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Clinical Observation of Huagai Pingchuan Decoction Combined with Seretide in the Treatment of Asthma

Proceedings of Anticancer Research ◽

10.26689/par.v4i5.1521 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Rong He

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Clinical Effect ◽

Clinical Observation ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Asthma Patients ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Better Than

Objective: To study the clinical effect of the Huagai Pingchuan decoction combined with Seretide in the treatment of asthma. Methods: 138 cases of asthma patients in our hospital were separated into the control group and the experimental group. The control group was given Seretide alone, while the experimental group was treated with Huagai Pingchuan decoction combined with Seretide. Results: After treatment, the wheezing symptoms remission time of the experimental group was shorter than control group, the performance of serum inflammatory factors and lung function indexes were better than control group, P<0.05 with significant difference. Conclusion: Huagai Pingchuan decoction combined with Seretide is more effective in the treatment of asthma.

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Study on the Application and Efficacy of Responsibility Nursing in Dialysis Care

Journal of Healthcare Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/2210191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Ting Wu ◽

Meiling Gao ◽

Jun Shi ◽

Linfang Xu ◽

Jing Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Quality Care ◽

Life Quality ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

High Quality ◽

Quality Life ◽

Experimental Group

Providing high-quality care to patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) is a priority for nurses. The present study was conducted to explore the experiences of the quality of nursing care among patients, nurses, and caregivers in Yanghu Branch of Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, China. A total of 120 hemodialysis patients consecutively admitted to Yanghu Branch of Changzhou Second People’s Hospital were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the nursing method they received: control group (routine nursing) and experimental group (responsibility nursing). The two cohorts were observed and compared for alterations of adverse emotions and inflammatory factors, the incidence of complications, pre-and post-nursing sleep quality, life quality, and patients’ satisfaction with nursing. After nursing, the Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale (SAS/DS) scores were lower in the experimental group (EG) than in the control group (CG) (both P < 0.05 ). Serum IL-6, hs-CRP, and TNF-α were decreased in both groups after nursing and were even lower in EG (both P < 0.05 ). EG had significantly improved sleep quality and life quality than CG, with a higher nursing satisfaction (all P < 0.05 ). This validates that the responsibility nursing for dialysis patients can validly mitigate patients’ negative emotions, improve their quality of life, and ensure high-quality dialysis effect, which is feasible for wide popularization and application in clinics.

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Maggot protein ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20181799 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rong Wang ◽

Lei Wang ◽

Yongzheng Luo ◽

Daojuan Wang ◽

Ronghui Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Activity Index ◽

Water Model ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Sterile Water ◽

Dextran Sulphate ◽

Model Group ◽

Dextran Sulphate Sodium ◽

Body Weights

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Maggots are known as a traditional Chinese medicine named as ‘wu gu chong’. The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of the maggot protein on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. In the present study, female C57BL/6 mice were given sterile water containing 3% DSS to establish the model of UC. Mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group (sterile water), model group (DSS), treatment group (DSS + maggot protein), mesalazine group (DSS + mesalazine), and maggot protein group (sterile water + maggot protein). The mental state, defecate traits, and changes in body weights were recorded daily. The disease activity index (DAI) as a disease severity criterion was calculated based on body weights and stool consistency and bleeding. All the mice were killed on the 12th day. Colon length, colon histological changes, and other inflammatory factors were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that colitis models of mice were established successfully. Administration of maggot protein markedly suppressed the severity of UC compared with the DSS model group. Furthermore, maggot protein potently ameliorated DSS-induced weight loss, colon shortening, and colon histological injury. Moreover, the maggot protein exerted anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of the activation of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signaling pathway. In summary, treatment by maggot protein was able to improve not only the symptoms of colitis, but also the microscopic inflammation in mice with DSS-induced colitis. The present study may have implications for developing an effective therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

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The Effect of Bifid Triple Viable on Immune Function of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2012/404752 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Guohua Li ◽

Sheng Zeng ◽

Wangdi Liao ◽

Nonghua Lv

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

T Cell ◽

Immune Function ◽

Symptom Score ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Control Group ◽

Colon Mucosa ◽

Aminosalicylic Acid ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Inflammation Score

Objective. To study effect and its mechanism of Bifid Triple Viable for initially treating ulcerative colitis with 5-aminosalicylic acid.Methods. 82 patients, who were firstly diagnosed as ulcerative colitis, were randomized into experiment group (41 cases, treated with Bifid Triple Viable and Etiasa) and control group (41 cases, treated with Etiasa). The clinic symptom score, colon mucosa inflammation score, and some immune indices were detected and compared between two groups before and two months after treatment.Results. Two months after treatment, the clinical symptom score, colon mucosa inflammation score, and IL-1βexpression in colon mucosa decreased significantly (P<0.01), and IL-10 and IgA expressions in colon mucosa increased significantly (P<0.01). Those differences were more marked in experiment group than control group (P<0.05). However, peripheral blood T cell subgroup, immunoglobulins, and complements had no significant difference between two groups two months after treatment, but the ratio of peripheral blood CD4+ T cell to CD8+ T cell in experiment group increased more than that in control group (P<0.05).Conclusion. Bifid Triple Viable contributed to Etiasa to treat ulcerative colitis in inducing remission period, which was perhaps related to affecting the patient’s immune function.

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Levels of anti-oxidative molecules and inflammatory factors in patients with vascular dementia and their clinical significance

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.37.5.3854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Fan-xing Qi ◽

Ying Hu ◽

Ya-wei Li ◽

Juan Gao

Keyword(s):

Vascular Dementia ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Normal Population ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Severity Of Illness ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Inflammatory Factor ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Experimental Group

Objective: To explore levels of anti-oxidative molecules and inflammatory factors in patients with vascular dementia (VD) and their clinical significance. Methods: Sixty VD patients admitted in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2019 were classified into an experimental group, while another 60 healthy patients seeking physical examinations in the corresponding period were selected as a control group. Various indexes related to serum inflammatory factors and anti-oxidative molecules were compared among patients in such two groups. For the purpose of comparing anti-oxidative molecular expression levels and inflammatory factor levels in patients with VD of different severities, 60 cases in the experimental group were divided, based on a Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scale, into patients with mild symptoms (n=20, score: 21~26), patients with moderate symptoms (n=22, score: 10~20) and patients with severe symptoms (n=18, score: 0~9). Results: By contrast to the control group, levels of inflammatory factors (e.g., TNF-a, CRP and IL-б) in VD patients are all significantly increased and their differences show statistical significance (p<0.05); and, expression levels of anti-oxidative factors, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR), in the experimental group are apparently below those of the control group (P<0.05). As dementia degree increases, expression levels of serum anti-oxidative molecules in such patients are inclined to drop in a significant way (P<0.05), while inflammatory factor levels tend to go up gradually (P<0.05). Conclusions: If compared with the normal population, inflammatory factor levels in serum of VD patients are higher; however, expression levels of anti-oxidative molecules become below those of the normal population. Additionally, levels of inflammatory factors and anti-oxidative molecules may change obviously as severity of illness increases. This suggests that inflammation and oxidation play a certain role of auxoaction in VD patients. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3854 How to cite this:Qi FX, Hu Y, Li YW, Gao J. Levels of anti-oxidative molecules and inflammatory factors in patients with vascular dementia and their clinical significance. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3854 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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