Concentrations of oligosaccharides in human milk and child growth

Abstract Background The relationship between human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and child growth has been investigated only insufficiently with ambiguous results. Therefore, this study examines potential influencing factors of HMO concentrations and how HMO are associated with child growth parameters. Methods Milk samples from the German LIFE Child cohort of healthy children were analyzed for 9 HMO. Putative associations with maternal and child cofactors and child height, head circumference and BMI between 3 months and 7 years of age were examined. Secretor status, defined as the presence of 2′-fucosyllactose, was investigated for associations with infant outcomes. Results Our population consisted of 21 (14.7%) non-secretor and 122 (85.3%) secretor mothers. Maternal age was significantly associated with higher 3′SL concentrations; gestational age was associated with LNT, 6′SL and LNFP-I. Pre-pregnancy BMI was negatively associated with LNnT only in non-secretors. The growth velocity of non-secretors’ children was inversely associated with LNnT at 3 months to 1 year (R = 0.95 [0.90, 0.99], p = 0.014), 1 to 2 years (R = 0.80 [0.72, 0.88], p < 0.001) and 5 to 6 years (R = 0.71 [0.57, 0.87], p = 0.002). 2’FL was negatively associated with BMI consistently, reaching statistical significance at 3 months and 4 and 5 years. Children of non-secretors showed higher BMI at 3 months, 6 months, and 3, 6, and 7 years of age. Conclusion We found that some associations between HMO and infant growth may extend beyond the infancy and breastfeeding periods. They highlight the importance of both maternal and infant parameters in the understanding of the underlying associations. Trial registration The study is registered with ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT02550236.

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Concentrations of Oligosaccharides in Human Milk and Child Growth

10.21203/rs.3.rs-403458/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Philipp Menzel ◽

Mandy Vogel ◽

Sean Austin ◽

Norbert Sprenger ◽

Nico Grafe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Child Growth ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Infant Outcomes ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Secretor Status ◽

Child Height ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: The relationship between human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and child growth has been investigated only insufficiently with ambiguous results. Therefore, this study examines potential influencing factors of HMO concentrations and how HMOs are associated with child growth parameters.Methods: Milk samples from the German LIFE Child cohort of healthy children were analyzed for 9 HMOs. Putative associations with maternal and child cofactors and child height, head circumference and BMI between three months and seven years of age were examined. Secretor status, defined as the presence of 2’-fucosyllactose, was investigated for associations with infant outcomes.Results: Our population consisted of 21 (14.7%) non-secretor and 122 (85.3%) secretor mothers. Maternal age was significantly associated with higher 3’SL concentrations; gestational age was associated with LNT, 6’SL and LNFP-I. Pre-pregnancy BMI was negatively associated with LNnT only in non-secretors. The growth velocity of non-secretors’ children was inversely associated with LNnT at 3 months to 1 year (R=0.95 [0.90, 0.99], p=0.014), 1 to 2 years (R=0.80 [0.72, 0.88], p<0.001) and 5 to 6 years (R=0.71 [0.57, 0.87], p=0.002). 2’FL was negatively associated with BMI consistently, reaching statistical significance at 3 months and 4 and 5 years. Children of non-secretors showed higher BMI at 3 months, 6 months, and 3, 6, and 7 years of age.Conclusion: We found that some associations between HMOs and infant growth may extend beyond the infancy and breastfeeding periods. They highlight the importance of both maternal and infant parameters in the understanding of the underlying associations.Trial registration: The study is registered with ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT02550236.

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Human Milk Short-Chain Fatty Acid Composition is Associated with Adiposity Outcomes in Infants

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxy320 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (5) ◽

pp. 716-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Philippa M Prentice ◽

Marieke H Schoemaker ◽

Jacques Vervoort ◽

Kasper Hettinga ◽

Tim T Lambers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Human Milk ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

Short Chain ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Negatively Associated

ABSTRACT Background Presumed benefits of human milk (HM) in avoiding rapid infancy weight gain and later obesity could relate to its nutrient composition. However, data on breast milk composition and its relation with growth are sparse. Objective We investigated whether short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), known to be present in HM and linked to energy metabolism, are associated with infancy anthropometrics. Methods In a prospective birth cohort, HM hindmilk samples were collected from 619 lactating mothers at 4–8 wk postnatally [median (IQR) age: 33.9 (31.3–36.5) y, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2): 22.8 (20.9–25.2)]. Their offspring, born at 40.1 (39.1–41.0) wk gestation with weight 3.56 (3.22–3.87) kg and 51% male, were assessed with measurement of weight, length, and skinfold thickness at ages 3, 12, and 24 mo, and transformed to age- and sex-adjusted z scores. HM SCFAs were measured by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and GC-MS. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to analyze the relations between NMR HM SCFAs and infancy growth parameters with adjustment for potential confounders. Results NMR peaks for HM butyrate, acetate, and formic acid, but not propionate, were detected. Butyrate peaks were 17.8% higher in HM from exclusively breastfeeding mothers than mixed-feeding mothers (P = 0.003). HM butyrate peak values were negatively associated with changes in infant weight (standardized B = −0.10, P = 0.019) and BMI (B = −0.10, P = 0.018) between 3 and 12 mo, and negatively associated with BMI (B = −0.10, P = 0.018) and mean skinfold thickness (B = −0.10, P = 0.049) at age 12 mo. HM formic acid peak values showed a consistent negative association with infant BMI at all time points (B < = −0.10, P < = 0.014), whereas HM acetate was negatively associated with skinfold thickness at 3 mo (B = −0.10, P = 0.028) and 24 mo (B = −0.10, P = 0.036). Conclusions These results suggest that HM SCFAs play a beneficial role in weight gain and adiposity during infancy. Further knowledge of HM SCFA function may inform future strategies to support healthy growth.

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Relationship between birthweight and arterial elasticity in childhood

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20070420 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 115 (10) ◽

pp. 317-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Patricia H.C. Rondó ◽

Jesuana O. Lemos ◽

Joilane A. Pereira ◽

Julicristie M. Oliveira ◽

Luiz Roberto Innocente

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Large Artery ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Arterial Elasticity ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

The Relationship

There is a considerable debate about the potential influence of ‘fetal programming’ on cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. In the present prospective epidemiological cohort study, the relationship between birthweight and arterial elasticity in 472 children between 5 and 8 years of age was assessed. LAEI (large artery elasticity index), SAEI (small artery elasticity index) and BP (blood pressure) were assessed using the HDI/PulseWave™ CR-2000 CardioVascular Profiling System. Blood concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol and its fractions [LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol and HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol] and triacylglycerols (triglycerides) were determined by automated enzymatic methods. Insulin was assessed by a chemiluminescent method, insulin resistance by HOMA (homoeostasis model assessment) and CRP (C-reactive protein) by immunonephelometry. Two linear regression models were applied to investigate the relationship between the outcomes, LAEI and SAEI, and the following variables: birthweight, gestational age, glucose, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, insulin, CRP, HOMA, age, gender, waist circumference, per capita income, SBP (systolic BP) and DBP (diastolic BP). LAEI was positively associated with birthweight (P=0.036), waist circumference (P<0.001) and age (P<0.001), and negatively associated with CRP (P=0.024) and SBP (P<0.001). SAEI was positively associated with birthweight (P=0.04), waist circumference (P=0.001) and age (P<0.001), and negatively associated with DBP (P<0.001). Arterial elasticity was decreased in apparently healthy children who had lower birthweights, indicating an earlier atherogenetic susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases in adolescence and adult life. Possible explanations for the results include changes in angiogenesis during critical phases of intrauterine life caused by periods of fetal growth inhibition and local haemodynamic anomalies as a way of adaptation to abnormal pressure and flow.

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Effect of Parental Modernity on Rejection Sensitivity and Self-Esteem of Adolescents

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0302.061 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ritu ◽

Madhu Anand

Keyword(s):

Social Development ◽

Rejection Sensitivity ◽

Self Esteem ◽

The Self ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Individual Modernity ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Parental Modernity is an important aspect for the psycho-social development of the child. The present study aims to study the effect of parental modernity on rejection sensitivity and self-esteem of adolescents and the relationship between rejection sensitivity and self-esteem. The research is carried out on a sample of 240 parents (including 120 fathers and 120 mothers) and their 120 children. For observing the impact of modernity of parents on their children, Individual Modernity Scale was used and administered on father and mother. Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire and Self-Esteem Inventory were used to measure the rejection sensitivity and self-esteem of children (age ranges from 14 to 19 years). The results suggest that parental modernity has an effect on the rejection sensitivity and personally perceived self of the self – esteem of adolescents. Furthermore, the rejection sensitivity has been found negatively associated with self-esteem.

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Study of the infl uence of information and communication tools on the psychophysiological state of schoolchildren on the basis of subjective evaluation

Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Inspector) ◽

10.33920/med-08-2007-06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-55

Author(s):

Aleksandra Rakhmanova ◽

Georgiy Loginov ◽

Vladimir Dolich ◽

Nataliya Komleva ◽

Galina Rakhmanova

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Emotional State ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Subjective Evaluation ◽

Educational Process ◽

The Body ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Communication Tools ◽

Information And Communication ◽

The Relationship

The relevance of the article is determined by the existence of contradictions between the need to introduce innovative technologies into the educational process at school, as an integral attribute of modern education, and the negative influence of factors on the physical and psycho-emotional state of health of students related to the use of information and communication tools (computers, phones, headphones). The goal of the study was to assess the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of functional and psycho-emotional complaints in groups of middle and high school schoolchildren. 400 schoolchildren of the Saratov Region, the Moscow Region, Leningrad Region and the Republic of Dagestan were surveyed, who made up two groups of research: middle-school schoolchildren (grades 5–6) and high-school schoolchildren (grades 10–11 The survey was carried out by means of the standardized formalized cards which included the questions considering usage time of computers and mobile phones, complaints to a headache, hands pain, other pain and/or feeling of discomfort from visual organ and the organs of hearing, as well as a psycho-emotional state. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the STATISTICA application software program by StatSoft Inc (USA). To compare the frequencies of a binary feature, a fourfold table of absolute frequencies was constructed and the level of statistical significance for the exact Fisher’s two-tailed test criterion was determined. The study was conducted according to the requirements of bioethics, after signing informed consent statement by teenagers and their parents. The study examined the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of complaints in groups of schoolchildren. The results of the study should be taken into account when developing and implementing preventive measures to prevent negative effects of computers and mobile devices on the body of students.

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Nutritional Status of Pediatric Patients in Ramathibodi Hospital Using the WHO Child Growth Standard and the Thai Growth Reference

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand ◽

10.35755/jmedassocthai.2020.10.11254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 (10) ◽

pp. 1099-1106

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Chronically Ill ◽

Child Growth ◽

World Health ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Growth Standard ◽

Growth Reference ◽

Child Growth Standard

Background: The appropriate assessment of nutritional status in children is an essential aspect of health supervision. Currently, there are two references used for growth assessment in Thailand. The WHO child growth standard, which has been widely used since 2007, and the Thai growth reference developed by the Ministry of Public Health, which has been used since 1998. However, there were very few studies that made a direct comparison between both tools. Objective: To compare the nutritional status of healthy pediatric patients in Ramathibodi Hospital assessed by the World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standard and the Thai growth reference. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. The data were collected from all pediatric patients registered in the outpatient department (OPD) of Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital between January 2013 and December 2018. All healthy children (aged 0 to 15 years) were included. Exclusion criteria of possibly chronically ill children were defined by those who were 1) visiting subspecialty clinics, 2) OPD and emergency room (ER) visits more than ten times per year, 3) having ICD-10 of chronic conditions, or 4) had been admitted in the hospital during the study. The weight and height or length data were extracted from the Electronic Medical Record system. All data were analyzed by the Stata Statistical Software focusing on age and sex-specific Z-scores, which references the WHO child growth standard and the Thai growth reference. Results: Sixty-two thousand one hundred four OPD visits were divided into 31,662 OPD visits for boys and 30,442 OPD visits for girls. Percent of weight for age and height or length for age more than +2 Z-score of both boys and girls when using the Thai growth reference was greater than that using the WHO child growth standard, especially for children aged 0 to 12 months. The Thai growth reference classified as overweight were approximately 10.26% to 31.12% more than using the WHO child growth standard. There was no difference in classification of height by both standards. Conclusion: There was a difference in classification of nutritional status between the Thai growth reference and the WHO child growth standard. Keywords: Nutritional status, Pediatric growth reference, Assessment tool, Overweight

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The Relationship Between The Perception of Elderly’s Health Status and Health Behaviors in Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand

The Open Public Health Journal ◽

10.2174/1874944501912010420 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 420-423

Author(s):

Prapada Watcharanat ◽

Prasong Tanpichai ◽

Ravee Sajjasophon

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Health Status ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Congenital Diseases ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: This research aims to study the relationship between perception of elderly’s health and health behaviors in Nakhon Nayok province, Thailand Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. The questionnaire was used to collect the data. This research was conducted in Nakhon Nayok province. The sample size was 270 which applied Taro Yamane's formula at a significant level 0.05. The descriptive statistics was implemented to describe the variables by presenting the frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between perception of elderly’s health and health behaviors. The statistical significance was considered to reject Hypothesis-null at < 0.05. Results: From a total of 270 people, more than 58.22% of the elderly perceived that they had moderate health conditions. Most elderly had congenital diseases (62.2%). The multiple regression analysis results showed that health status perception and health status perception when compared to their cohort related significantly to health behavior. Conclusion: The government should support the elderly on participation, trust, engagement, and cultural concern of the people in the community, which can contribute to promoting the physical, mental and social condition of the elderly.

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Perceived Employability Moderates Burnout and Depression Among Bank Employees

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2016.44.7.1123 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (7) ◽

pp. 1123-1132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haishu Qiao ◽

Yue Xia ◽

Ying Li

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Perceived Employability ◽

Bank Employees ◽

The Relationship

Because bank employees have been found to be especially susceptible to burnout and depression, we explored the relationship between these variables, and examined the moderating effect of perceived employability on the burnout–depression relationship in a sample of Chinese bank employees. As we expected, burnout and perceived employability were, respectively, positively and negatively associated with depression. The results of hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling indicated that perceived employability moderated the relationship between burnout and depression; higher perceived employability was associated with a weaker relationship between burnout and depression. Interventions aimed at developing the perceived employability of Chinese bank employees may help to improve mental health in this group.

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Correlation between L-Lactate Concentrations in Beef Cattle, Obtained Using a Hand-Held Lactate Analyzer and a Lactate Assay Colorimetric Kit

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11040926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 926

Author(s):

Daniela M. Meléndez ◽

Sonia Marti ◽

Luigi Faucitano ◽

Derek B. Haley ◽

Timothy D. Schwinghamer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Long Distance ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Time Points ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Red Angus ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer and a traditional lactate assay colorimetric kit. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (Black or Red Angus × Hereford/Simmental and Black or Red Angus × Charolais; 247 ± 38.2 kg BW) prior to loading (LO1) and after 36 h of transport, and prior to reloading and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in the colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess the strength of the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The magnitude and direction of the correlation, and the level of statistical significance varied over the observed time points, ranging from r = −0.03 (p = 0.75; LO1) to r = 0.75 (p < 0.0001; d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Based on the low magnitude of the correlation due to variability across sampling time points in this study, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay (considered the gold standard) for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle.

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Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of nipple and breast candidiasis: A review of the relationship between diagnoses of mammary candidiasis and Candida albicans in breastfeeding women

Women s Health ◽

10.1177/17455065211031480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 174550652110314

Author(s):

Pamela Douglas

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Human Milk ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Breast Pain ◽

Breastfeeding Support ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Nipple Areolar Complex ◽

Areolar Complex ◽

The Relationship

Background: Breastfeeding mothers commonly experience nipple pain accompanied by radiating, stabbing or constant breast pain between feeds, sometimes associated with pink shiny nipple epithelium and white flakes of skin. Current guidelines diagnose these signs and symptoms as mammary candidiasis and stipulate antifungal medications. Aim: This study reviews existing research into the relationship between Candida albicans and nipple and breast pain in breastfeeding women who have been diagnosed with mammary candidiasis; whether fluconazole is an effective treatment; and the presence of C. albicans in the human milk microbiome. Method: The author conducted three searches to investigate (a) breastfeeding-related pain and C. albicans; (b) the efficacy of fluconazole in breastfeeding-related pain; and (c) composition of the human milk mycobiome. These findings are critiqued and integrated in a narrative review. Results: There is little evidence to support the hypothesis that Candida spp, including C. albicans, in maternal milk or on the nipple-areolar complex causes the signs and symptoms popularly diagnosed as mammary candidiasis. There is no evidence that antifungal treatments are any more effective than the passage of time in women with these symptoms. Candida spp including C. albicans are commonly identified in healthy human milk and nipple-areolar complex mycobiomes. Discussion: Clinical breastfeeding support remains a research frontier. The human milk microbiome, which includes a mycobiome, interacts with the microbiomes of the infant mouth and nipple-areolar complex, including their mycobiomes, to form protective ecosystems. Topical or oral antifungals may disrupt immunoprotective microbial homeostasis. Unnecessary use contributes to the serious global problem of antifungal resistance. Conclusion: Antifungal treatment is rarely indicated and prolonged courses cannot be justified in breastfeeding women experiencing breast and nipple pain. Multiple strategies for stabilizing microbiome feedback loops when nipple and breast pain emerge are required, in order to avoid overtreatment of breastfeeding mothers and their infants with antifungal medications.

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