scholarly journals A study of students’ use of restraint systems in school transportation services in primary and secondary schools in northern Iran: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrokh Yousefzade-Chabok ◽  
Samira Azari ◽  
Leila Kouchakinejad-Eramsadati ◽  
Enayatollah Homaie Rad ◽  
Marjan Hosseinnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
School Transportation ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Officials ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
School Buses

Abstract Background Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death and severe injury among child occupants of vehicles in most countries. This has led to the consideration of how to use restraint systems for students in school buses. The purpose of the present study was to determine the percentage of students’ use of restraint systems in school transportation services in 2020. Methods In the present cross-sectional observational study, seatbelt use was assessed in 400 students in school transport vehicles using a checklist. The observation team sat at their vehicle, at the nearest location on one of the three sides of the school’s entrance: they had by manually registering the variable in the checklist. They focused on exactly the first vehicle parked next to the school entrance. There were two other observers to validate the observations. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21). Results The rate of using restraint systems was 11.3%, use of restraint systems in the Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs) was significantly higher (P < 0.03), in areas with medium income (P < 0.009) and low income (p < 0.012) as well as when the students were sitting in the rear seats, using the seatbelt were significantly lower (P < 0.001). Seatbelt use in students was less in services driven by drivers over the age of 40 (P < 0.01) and more in vehicles driven by female drivers (P < 0.003) and newer vehicles (p < 0.001). Conclusion School authorities must enforce traffic safety rules for school transportation services. These rules should be taught to drivers, families, and students. A restraint system must be mandatory for all students. School officials must equip their buses with seatbelts and employ school bus assistants to encourage wearing seatbelts and prevent students from standing.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of burns registered in Fatemi hospital in Ardabil, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Zakeri ◽  
Firouz Amani ◽  
Vahid Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
And Control

Background: Burns after traffic accidents, falls and interpersonal violence are the fourth most commonly damaged worldwide. Annually more than 11 million people suffered to sever burns that most of them need for interventions and according WHO statistics, yearly more than 300000 people die from fire-related burns and most of them occurred in low income countries. The aim of this study was Epidemiological study of burns registered in Fatemi hospital in Ardabil, 2016.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study has been done on 200 burns registered in burn unit of Fatemi hospital in 2016. Information included age, sex, residence place (urban-rural), marital status, time and area of burn, percent and degree of burn, cause and mechanism of burn, hospitalized time and result of treatment completed by a checklist and analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 19.Results: Of all patients, 118 (59%) were male, 62.5% rural and 50% single. Most of burns occurred in age group less than 10 with 33%. The most common cause of burns was hot liquids with 51.5%. Most of cases had burn in degree 2 (71%) and 53.5% of cases hospitalized five days in hospital. 93.5% of patients improved and discharged.Conclusions: Results showed that most of burns in this study occurred in age group less than 10 year. So, that it is necessary to prevent these events in future by taking the necessary measures and control and prevention by families.

scholarly journals Study on risk factors of road traffic accident victims attending a tertiary care hospital at Tirupati

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Shakeer Kahn P. ◽  
Bayapa Reddy N. ◽  
Ashok Kumar Reddy K. ◽  
Ravi Prabhu G.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Disorders

Background: Road traffic accidents stand as one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity across the globe. Increase in the number of motor vehicles, poor enforcement of traffic safety regulations, inadequacy of health infrastructure, and poor transport facilities makes the situation still worse. The objective of the study is to know the role of victims and various risk factors related to RTA. To determine the association of risk factors with type of injury and to know the pre-existing medical disorders in RTA victims.Methods: A hospital based, cross sectional study with victims of road traffic accidents admitted in S.V.R.R. Government General Hospital, Tirupati, as study subjects was done during June 2013 to May 2014 for one year where 820 victims of road traffic accidents were interviewed after taking prior consent using a predesigned questionnaire.Results: Most of the victims were drivers (48.5%) followed by passengers (31.7%) and pedestrian (19.8%). No two wheeler driver was wearing helmet. 74% of the four wheeler occupants were not using seat belts. Among drivers and pedestrians, 29.2% were under the influence of alcohol and 12.7% were listening to music. 55.8% of the passengers felt that their vehicle was going with over speed. 17.1% & 11.0% of the participants had history of hypertension and diabetes.Conclusions: There is a need to develop integrated surveillance system to identify the road traffic injury burden and the causal/risk factors. Enforcement of stringent road traffic laws to bring down the burden of road traffic accidents.

scholarly journals Personal, Social, and Environmental Correlates of Walking to School Behaviors: Case Study in Austin, Texas

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 859-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Zhu ◽  
B. Arch ◽  
Chanam Lee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Transportation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Walking To School

Walking is an affordable and environmentally clean mode of transportation that can bring additional benefits as healthy physical activity. This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence and correlates of walking to or from school in eight elementary schools in Austin, Texas, which have high percentages of low-income, Hispanic students. A survey of 1,281 parents was conducted, including questions about personal, social, and environmental factors that may influence their decisions on the children's school transportation. Binary logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds of choosing walking as the children's typical school travel mode. The results showed that walking was a typical mode for 28 and 34% of trips to and from school, respectively, and mostly accompanied by an adult. Parents' education level, family's car ownership, children's and parents' personal barriers, and having the school bus service reduced the likelihood of walking, while positive peer influences encouraged walking. Among the physical environmental factors, living close to school was the strongest positive predictor; safety concerns and the presence of highway or freeway en route were negative correlates. We concluded that the location of school is a key, as it determines the travel distance and the presence of highway or freeway en route. In addition to environmental improvements, educational and other assistance programs are needed for both parents and children to overcome their personal barriers and safety concerns. Health and disparity issues require further attention, as many underprivileged children have no other means of school transportation but walking in unsafe and poor environments.

scholarly journals “Where Have I Heard It?” Assessing the Recall of Traffic Safety Campaigns in the Dominican Republic

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5792
Author(s):  
Francisco Alonso ◽  
Mireia Faus ◽  
Cesáreo Fernández ◽  
Sergio A. Useche
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
The Impact

Although traffic crashes are the eighth leading cause of death in the world, and are linked to vehicle and infrastructure-related factors, crash-related fatality rates are much higher in low-income countries. Particularly, the Dominican Republic is the country with the highest accident rate in the whole American continent. Therefore, in the past few years, public agencies have been developing different measures aimed at reducing traffic fatalities, including road safety campaigns. The aim of the present study was to assess the recalling of such campaigns among the Dominican population, which may serve as an additional indicator to evaluate their effectiveness in this and other countries of the region presenting similar traffic safety issues. For this cross-sectional study, a nationwide sample composed of 1260 people (50% males and 50% females) with a mean age of 39.3 years was used. The data were collected through personal interviews. Overall, the recall of traffic safety campaigns was found to be very low (9%); male drivers who were employed, possessed a driver’s license and habitually drove were the ones who could commonly remember these campaigns. The results of this study suggest that further evaluation and follow-up could help to maximize the impact of future traffic campaigns and advertisements in the Dominican Republic, as well as in other emerging countries of the region with similar characteristics. Further, key segments of the population such as the female, young, less formally educated and non-driving populations should be also targeted for further actions in this regard.

Profile of Road Traffic Accident Injuries in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital – An Institution Based Cross Sectional Observational Study in Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 904-908
Author(s):  
Kumaran R ◽  
Yogaraj S
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Abdominal Injuries ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

BACKGROUND Road traffic accidents (RTA) account for most of the injury patients encountered in the department of emergency resulting in significant death and morbidity. The current research was conducted to analyse the demographic, clinical and radiological profile of patients presenting with RTA to a tertiary care teaching hospital (Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute). METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was done among 68 subjects presenting with RTA to the department of emergency medicine. Detailed history taking, clinical & radiological investigations including plain radiographs, ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) were done. Site of injury was considered as primary outcome of the study. The data was analysed statistically by deriving mean and standard deviation. International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) version 22 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Among the study population, the mean age was 36.18 ± 13.73 years. 83.82 % were males. Individuals aged less than 40 years of age were greatly involved in RTA. Majority (77.9 %) had abdominal injuries followed by 36.7 % with craniofacial trauma, 25 % had thoracic trauma, 17.6 % had spinal trauma, and 10.2 % had extremity and pelvic bone injuries. In abdominal trauma, spleen (26.4 %) was the commonly affected organ. Liver (25 %) and renal injuries (16.17 %) were next commonly observed. A significant difference (P-value < 0.05) was found in abdominal injuries due to different types of vehicles. CONCLUSIONS RTIs are common in the younger population. The predominance of the male population was seen. The most common organ to be injured was spleen. Proper understanding of the pattern of trauma may help in improving the outcome. Early diagnosis, aggressive resuscitation and timely surgical intervention were essential in improving the outcome in trauma patients. KEYWORDS Road Traffic Accidents, Road Traffic Injuries, Head Injury, Blunt Abdominal Trauma, CT Scan

A View of the Lexical–Grammatical Link in Young Latinos With Specific Language Impairment Using Language-Specific and Conceptual Measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía I. Méndez ◽  
Gabriela Simon-Cereijido
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Vocabulary Skills ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
L1 And L2

Purpose This study investigated the nature of the association of lexical–grammatical abilities within and across languages in Latino dual language learners (DLLs) with specific language impairment (SLI) using language-specific and bilingual measures. Method Seventy-four Spanish/English–speaking preschoolers with SLI from preschools serving low-income households participated in the study. Participants had stronger skills in Spanish (first language [L1]) and were in the initial stages of learning English (second language [L2]). The children's lexical, semantic, and grammar abilities were assessed using normative and researcher-developed tools in English and Spanish. Hierarchical linear regressions of cross-sectional data were conducted using measures of sentence repetition tasks, language-specific vocabulary, and conceptual bilingual lexical and semantic abilities in Spanish and English. Results Results indicate that language-specific vocabulary abilities support the development of grammar in L1 and L2 in this population. L1 vocabulary also contributes to L2 grammar above and beyond the contribution of L2 vocabulary skills. However, the cross-linguistic association between vocabulary in L2 and grammar skills in the stronger or more proficient language (L1) is not observed. In addition, conceptual vocabulary significantly supported grammar in L2, whereas bilingual semantic skills supported L1 grammar. Conclusions Our findings reveal that the same language-specific vocabulary abilities drive grammar development in L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI. In the early stages of L2 acquisition, vocabulary skills in L1 also seem to contribute to grammar skills in L2 in this population. Thus, it is critical to support vocabulary development in both L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI, particularly in the beginning stages of L2 acquisition. Clinical and educational implications are discussed.

Relationship of Scabies With Pioderma: As a Risk Factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Yulia Farida Yahya ◽  
Fifa Argentina ◽  
Rusmawardiana Rusmawardiana
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Scabies Infestation

Scabies is a parasitic infestation of the skin, that is affecting on the low income and crowded community in many tropical countries, especially developing countries such as Indonesia. Scabies infestation increases the incidence of secondary pyoderma include impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, ecthyma, abscess. Secondary pyoderma is a skin infection disease mainly caused by     group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Pyoderma is a risk factor for the glomerulonephritis infection, rheumatic diseases, which significantly increases morbidity and mortality, causing the government burden. The aim of this study is  determining the etiology and correlation of pyoderma infection in scabies patient. To determine sosio-demographic included sex, age in pediatric patients in primary schools (SD) in the district of Kertapati Palembang. The study design was cross sectional, and study samples were new scabies patients in the elementary school (age 6-14-year-old) with or without pyoderma. Clinical findings included history, physical examination and diagnostic procedure, which was investigation of skin scraping specimen material (SSB = skin surface biopsy) in confirmation with dermoscopic polar examination (DS) to show Sarcoptes scabiei mites. Microbiological examination with Gram stain identified the etiology of pyoderma.  Results of this study shows that there was a significance relationship between scabies infestation and pyoderma in children in elementary school. Staphylococcus aureus dan GAS are the most common caused of pyoderma in pediatric patients with scabies. Conclusion is there is a significant correlation between scabies and pyoderma. There is  a need to provide scabies and pyoderma medication at primary care health center as well as counseling for prevention in Palembang area with crowded population periodically.  

Profil Penyakit Malaria Di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Rahma Triyana ◽  
Salmi Salmi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. Determination of the description of Malaria disease in an area is needed to determine the spread and severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution according to age, sex and place of residence, description of the types of Plasmodium causes of Malaria and hematological features in Malaria patients at Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with an approach or design cross section (cross sectional). The frequency distribution of Malaria sufferers in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 according to the highest age was in the age group 21-30 years as many as 28 cases (36.8%), the highest sex among men was 46 (60.5%) and the highest number of residences was found in Koto Tangah sub-district there were 31 cases (40.8%). The type of Plasmodium found in Malaria cases in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 was P. vivax (73 cases (96.05%)) and P. falciparum (3 cases (3.95%)). The results of laboratory tests on Hb, hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte levels in Malaria positive patients in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 were in the normal range.

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