scholarly journals Investigation and analysis of groundwater-derived damage to the Shahe ancient bridge site in Xi’an, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Bingjie Mai ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Yuhu Li ◽  
Juanli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Bridge Site ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Geotechnical Investigation ◽  
Subsurface Environments ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Preservation

AbstractEarthen cultural ruins and their subsurface environments act as carriers or support for aboveground cultural heritage artefacts, and groundwater has been identified as the most important factor accelerating the destruction of ruins. In this paper, a wooden structure on the site of the Xianyang Shahe ancient bridge is taken as the research object. Through geotechnical surveys and site sample analyses, the relationship between the environment and cause of damage at the site is explored. Fluctuations in groundwater level are found to affect the movement of water and salt, thereby accelerating deterioration and allowing microbes and other soil inhabitants and plants to erode the ruins. Furthermore, strong correlations are revealed between the stratigraphy of the area and both ruin status and sample analysis results. Geotechnical investigation data are used to predict the effects of various damaging factors on long-term preservation and the underlying mechanisms and to propose feasible, long-term countermeasures for preservation studies.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Investigation for the Groundwater Damage Analysis of the Shahe Ancient Bridge Site in Xi’an, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Bingjie Mai ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Yuhu Li ◽  
Juanli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Bridge Site ◽  
Geotechnical Investigation ◽  
Subsurface Environment ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Abstract In terms of cultural ruins, the earthen ruins and its subsurface environment were acted either as a carrier or supports above ground cultural heritage, the groundwater was found to be the greatest factor that affected and accelerated destruction of the ruins without any doubt. This paper presents an approach that achieved geochemical data and hydrological processes occurring of the ruins and surrounding area by the data analysis of geotechnical investigation, it is found that the fluctuations in groundwater level affected the movement of water and salt, thereby influenced and accelerate the deterioration, and also caused microbes, creatures, and plants to erode the ruins. The stratigraphy revealed good correlation with the status of the ruins, the scientific analysis of the samples, the damage mechanism. These monitoring data will be used to discuss and predict the effects of various types of damage factors on long term preservation and proposed feasible for longer countermeasures in preservation studies. This paper takes the Xianyang Shahe Ancient Bridge site as the research object, to be precise, it takes the wooden structure site as the research object, through the methods of geotechnical survey and site sample analysis, the relationship between the environment of the site and the cause of disease is explored.

scholarly journals Microglia: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy and Sepsis-Associated Chronic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Lu Yin ◽  
Zhongmin Fan ◽  
Binxiao Su ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Neurological dysfunction, one of the severe manifestations of sepsis in patients, is closely related to increased mortality and long-term complications in intensive care units, including sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and chronic pain. The underlying mechanisms of these sepsis-induced neurological dysfunctions are elusive. However, it has been well established that microglia, the dominant resident immune cell in the central nervous system, play essential roles in the initiation and development of SAE and chronic pain. Microglia can be activated by inflammatory mediators, adjacent cells and neurotransmitters in the acute phase of sepsis and then induce neuronal dysfunction in the brain. With the spotlight focused on the relationship between microglia and sepsis, a deeper understanding of microglia in SAE and chronic pain can be achieved. More importantly, clarifying the mechanisms of sepsis-associated signaling pathways in microglia would shed new light on treatment strategies for SAE and chronic pain.

scholarly journals See with Your Eyes, Hear with Your Ears and Listen to Your Heart: Moving from Dyadic Teamwork Interaction towards a More Effective Team Cohesion and Collaboration in Long-Term Spaceflights under Stressful Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Aggeliki Vlachostergiou ◽  
Andre Harisson ◽  
Peter Khooshabeh
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Team Cohesion ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interactional Context ◽  
One Step ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific study of teamwork in the context of long-term spaceflight has uncovered a considerable amount of knowledge over the past 20 years. Although much is known about the underlying factors and processes of teamwork, much is left to be discovered for teams who operate in extreme isolation conditions during spaceflights. Thus, special considerations must be made to enhance teamwork and team well-being for long-term missions during which the team will live and work together. Being affected by both mental and physical stress during interactional context conversations might have a direct or indirect impact on team members’ speech acoustics, facial expressions, lexical choices and their physiological responses. The purpose of this article is (a) to illustrate the relationship between the modalities of vocal-acoustic, language and physiological cues during stressful teammate conversations, (b) to delineate promising research paths to help further our insights into understanding the underlying mechanisms of high team cohesion during spaceflights, (c) to build upon our preliminary experimental results that were recently published, using a dyadic team corpus during the demanding operational task of “diffusing a bomb” and (d) to outline a list of parameters that should be considered and examined that would be useful in spaceflights for team-effectiveness research in similarly stressful conditions. Under this view, it is expected to take us one step towards building an extremely non-intrusive and relatively inexpensive set of measures deployed in ground analogs to assess complex and dynamic behavior of individuals.

Philology in the preservation of audio documents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Bressan
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Music ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Sound recordings have proven to be irreplaceable primary sources for disciplines like linguistics, musicology, ethnomusicology and sociology. Their fragile physical nature has activated a number of counter-actions aimed at prolonging the life expectancy of their content. Methodological issues have been raised in the past three decades, considering the relationship between the physical object and its (digitized) intangible content, which is not only complex but develops over time. This article re ects on the role of the emerging discipline known as ‘digital philology’ in the long- term preservation of audio documents, pointing out how some concepts (such as authenticity, reliability and accuracy) may require a ‘customized’ (as opposed to a ‘ready-made’) approach in the preservation work ow – mainly depending on the type of the archive: unique copies, eld recordings, electronic music, oral history, to name some representative cases. The set-up of the laboratory for sound preservation at the Centro di Sonologia Computazionale (CSC) of the University of Padova, Italy, represents one customized approach in which conscious methodological decisions support philologically informed digitization e orts. The methods affect the results, and ultimately the consequences are not merely technological but cultural.

scholarly journals Impact of specimen age on its DNA quality for Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded HPV specimens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Yeongjun Park
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Dna Quality ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Formalin Fixed

AbstractFormalin fixation and paraffin embedding (FFPE) allows the storage of diagnostic and surplus tissue in archival banks. Therefore, FFPE is now a standard method for long-term preservation of tissue biopsies as FFPE of samples preserves the morphology of tissue. Unfortunately, the FFPE process engenders chemical changes and degradation in tissue macromolecules that can pose threats to reliable subsequent analysis. DNA, while more resistant to FFPE in comparison to RNA and protein, is also subject to such chemical formations and degradation. This study provides robust findings about the relationship between DNA quality and specimen age from 10252 FFPE HPV specimens. This paper suggests that there is a perceptible degrading effect in DNA quality as specimens age. This study suggests that the biospecimen may begin to take on new characteristics after certain storage years, and such changes may result in inaccurate determinations of the molecular characteristics of the biospecimen during analysis. Results from this study demonstrate that older HPV specimens are more inclined to be tested negative or inadequate from commercial HPV genotyping assays. Same findings are conferred when multiple genotyping assays are involved with HPV testing. Also, older HPV samples typify fewer HPV types compared to younger HPV samples. The results from this study will be useful to enhance potential scope for next fixation methods such as ethanol fixation that may be equally useful for both molecular profiling and histology as FFPE.

A Long-term Epidemiologic Study of the Relationship between Occlusal Factors and Mandibular Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Egermark-Eriksson ◽  
G.E. Carlsson ◽  
T. Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Masticatory System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A longitudinal investigation of changes of signs and symptoms of man dibular dysfunction over four to five years was performed, by means of questionnaires and clinical examination, in 240 children, ages 7, 11, and 15 years at the first examination. The objective of this part of the study was to analyze correlations between some occlusal and other factors, and mandibular dysfunction. Signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction increased slightly in both frequency and severity but were judged to be mild in most cases. Several types of occlusal interference were frequently recorded at both examinations. Dental wear increased during the follow-up period, while the results of evaluations of motor activity and psychological traits were relatively constant. There were only a few significant correlations, most of which were weak, between the recorded variables and mandibular dysfunction, and those found were not consistent in all age groups. TMJ sounds were positively correlated with lateral deviation of the mandible between retruded contact and intercuspal position in all age groups. An attempt to analyze the longitudinal relationship of occlusal interference with signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction did not reveal any strong correlations. The results are interpreted as supporting the heterogeneous and multifactorial nature of functional disturbances of the masticatory system.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Risk Attitude and Corporate Investment under Output Market Uncertainty: Evidence from The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ninh Le Khuong ◽  
Nghiem Le Tan ◽  
Tho Huynh Huu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to detect the impact of firm managers’ risk attitude on the relationship between the degree of output market uncertainty and firm investment. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between these two aspects for risk-averse managers while there is a positive relationship for risk-loving ones, since they have different utility functions. Based on the findings, this paper proposes recommendations for firm managers to take into account when making investment decisions and long-term business strategies as well.

Financial Folly and Spain’s Black Legend

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Black Legend ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
The Relationship

This epilogue argues that Castile was solvent throughout Philip II's reign. A complex web of contractual obligations designed to ensure repayment governed the relationship between the king and his bankers. The same contracts allowed great flexibility for both the Crown and bankers when liquidity was tight. The risk of potential defaults was not a surprise; their likelihood was priced into the loan contracts. As a consequence, virtually every banking family turned a profit over the long term, while the king benefited from their services to run the largest empire that had yet existed. The epilogue then looks at the economic history version of Spain's Black Legend. The economic history version of the Black Legend emerged from a combination of two narratives: a rich historical tradition analyzing the decline of Spain as an economic and military power from the seventeenth century onward, combined with new institutional analysis highlighting the unconstrained power of the monarch.

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