scholarly journals Geotechnical Investigation for the Groundwater Damage Analysis of the Shahe Ancient Bridge Site in Xi’an, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Bingjie Mai ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Yuhu Li ◽  
Juanli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Bridge Site ◽  
Geotechnical Investigation ◽  
Subsurface Environment ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Abstract In terms of cultural ruins, the earthen ruins and its subsurface environment were acted either as a carrier or supports above ground cultural heritage, the groundwater was found to be the greatest factor that affected and accelerated destruction of the ruins without any doubt. This paper presents an approach that achieved geochemical data and hydrological processes occurring of the ruins and surrounding area by the data analysis of geotechnical investigation, it is found that the fluctuations in groundwater level affected the movement of water and salt, thereby influenced and accelerate the deterioration, and also caused microbes, creatures, and plants to erode the ruins. The stratigraphy revealed good correlation with the status of the ruins, the scientific analysis of the samples, the damage mechanism. These monitoring data will be used to discuss and predict the effects of various types of damage factors on long term preservation and proposed feasible for longer countermeasures in preservation studies. This paper takes the Xianyang Shahe Ancient Bridge site as the research object, to be precise, it takes the wooden structure site as the research object, through the methods of geotechnical survey and site sample analysis, the relationship between the environment of the site and the cause of disease is explored.

scholarly journals Investigation and analysis of groundwater-derived damage to the Shahe ancient bridge site in Xi’an, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Bingjie Mai ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Yuhu Li ◽  
Juanli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Bridge Site ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Geotechnical Investigation ◽  
Subsurface Environments ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Preservation

AbstractEarthen cultural ruins and their subsurface environments act as carriers or support for aboveground cultural heritage artefacts, and groundwater has been identified as the most important factor accelerating the destruction of ruins. In this paper, a wooden structure on the site of the Xianyang Shahe ancient bridge is taken as the research object. Through geotechnical surveys and site sample analyses, the relationship between the environment and cause of damage at the site is explored. Fluctuations in groundwater level are found to affect the movement of water and salt, thereby accelerating deterioration and allowing microbes and other soil inhabitants and plants to erode the ruins. Furthermore, strong correlations are revealed between the stratigraphy of the area and both ruin status and sample analysis results. Geotechnical investigation data are used to predict the effects of various damaging factors on long-term preservation and the underlying mechanisms and to propose feasible, long-term countermeasures for preservation studies.

scholarly journals Predicting the cumulative medical load of COVID-19 outbreaks after the peak in daily fatalities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudius Gros ◽  
Roser Valenti ◽  
Lukas Schneider ◽  
Benedikt Gutsche ◽  
Dimitrije Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Sir Model ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fixed Period

The distinct ways the COVID-19 pandemics has been unfolding in different countries and regions suggest that local societal and governmental structures play an essential role both for the baseline infection rate and the short-term and long-term reaction to the outbreak. Here we investigate how societies as a whole, and governments, in particular, modulate the dynamics of a novel epidemic using a generalisation of the SIR model, the controlled SIR model. We posit that containment measures correspond to feedback between the status of the outbreak (the daily or the cumulative number of cases and fatalities) and the reproduction factor. We present the exact phase space solution of the controlled SIR model and use it to quantify containment policies for a large number of countries in terms of short- and long-term control parameters. Furthermore, we identified for numerous countries a relationship between the number of fatalities within a fixed period before and after the peak in daily fatalities. As the number of fatalities corresponds to the number of hospitalised patients, the relationship can be used to predict the cumulative medical load, once the effectiveness of outbreak suppression policies is established with sufficient certainty.

Does Diffusion Make an Institutionally Contested Practice Legitimate? Shareholder Responses to Downsizing in Japan, 1973–2005

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwook Jung ◽  
Eunmi Mun
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Japanese Firms ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Main Banks

Despite predictions to the contrary, institutionally contested practices are sometimes disseminated broadly. Does diffusion indicate they have achieved legitimacy in the eyes of key constituents? The conventional view regards diffusion as a process of legitimization and suggests that unconventional practices gain legitimacy following diffusion. Building on recent studies that view diffusion as an outcome of political struggle, we instead argue that political contestation ramps up as controversial practices are disseminated, making it difficult for them to gain wide acceptance. Their diffusion threatens the stability of preexisting institutional arrangements, and constituents who remain supportive of the status quo react negatively. We test our argument by examining shareholders’ response to downsizing in Japan, a practice that is highly controversial given the deeply entrenched norm of lifetime employment. Our analysis of panel data on 1,791 Japanese firms between 1973 and 2005 shows that neither domestic financial institutions nor foreign investors responded positively to downsizing as it became broadly disseminated. Domestic financial institutions actually responded in increasingly negative ways in the 1990s, while they did not in the 1970s when downsizing was conducted within the framework of the long-term relationship between Japanese firms and their main banks. These results suggest that the relationship between diffusion and legitimacy can be contingent, in that the diffusion of institutionally contested practices can trigger reactions that differ from those of institutionally supported practices.

Philology in the preservation of audio documents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Bressan
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Music ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Sound recordings have proven to be irreplaceable primary sources for disciplines like linguistics, musicology, ethnomusicology and sociology. Their fragile physical nature has activated a number of counter-actions aimed at prolonging the life expectancy of their content. Methodological issues have been raised in the past three decades, considering the relationship between the physical object and its (digitized) intangible content, which is not only complex but develops over time. This article re ects on the role of the emerging discipline known as ‘digital philology’ in the long- term preservation of audio documents, pointing out how some concepts (such as authenticity, reliability and accuracy) may require a ‘customized’ (as opposed to a ‘ready-made’) approach in the preservation work ow – mainly depending on the type of the archive: unique copies, eld recordings, electronic music, oral history, to name some representative cases. The set-up of the laboratory for sound preservation at the Centro di Sonologia Computazionale (CSC) of the University of Padova, Italy, represents one customized approach in which conscious methodological decisions support philologically informed digitization e orts. The methods affect the results, and ultimately the consequences are not merely technological but cultural.

scholarly journals Connecting the Dots: Pre-existing Patterns of Gender Inequality and the Likelihood of Widespread and Systematic Sexual Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Davies ◽  
Jacqui True
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Connecting The Dots ◽  
The Relationship

In this article we explore the relationship between pre-existing patterns of gender inequality and the occurrence of widespread and systematic sexual and gender based violence (sgbv). We ask three questions: What do we know about the status of gender inequality in high-risk situations prior to the outbreak of atrocities (which include sgbv)? What can be done to understand the relationship between systemic gender inequality and the use of sexual violence in the particular high-risk situations? And what long-term approaches are necessary to prevent sgbv?

scholarly journals The Maintenance of Archive Collections in Times of Constricting Budgets: Some Alternative Approaches under Development on the UK

Atlanti ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rhys-Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Professional Staff ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Private Funding ◽  
Statutory Duty ◽  
The Status ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Collections Care ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The paper will outline the key objectives for collections care and analyse the direct impacts on long-term preservation resulting from austerity measures. The particular focus will be on local government funded archive services that carry a statutory duty to preserve archive collections. What has been the effect on standards? The author considers how standards are developing and where he feels the emphasis has changed to reflect the change in funding. The availability and access to both government and private funding will also be assessed and how funding criteria are driving preservation decisions. What options are there for improving storage and managing collections? How can archive services reduce and manage risk when the status of archive services is constantly under review and resources are scarce? The need for robust collecting and preservation policies is becoming a key strand of the response from both archivists and conservator-restorers. Additionally, this paper will investigate the increased challenges of promoting preservation in the absence of experienced, professional staff, and how the use of volunteers is shaping policy. The presentation will then assess the capacity and efficacy of the commercial sector in assisting with the maintenance and development of collections. The author hopes that by outlining current approaches in the UK, other countries will feel more confident to consider and explore similar models.

scholarly journals Impact of specimen age on its DNA quality for Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded HPV specimens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Yeongjun Park
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Dna Quality ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Formalin Fixed

AbstractFormalin fixation and paraffin embedding (FFPE) allows the storage of diagnostic and surplus tissue in archival banks. Therefore, FFPE is now a standard method for long-term preservation of tissue biopsies as FFPE of samples preserves the morphology of tissue. Unfortunately, the FFPE process engenders chemical changes and degradation in tissue macromolecules that can pose threats to reliable subsequent analysis. DNA, while more resistant to FFPE in comparison to RNA and protein, is also subject to such chemical formations and degradation. This study provides robust findings about the relationship between DNA quality and specimen age from 10252 FFPE HPV specimens. This paper suggests that there is a perceptible degrading effect in DNA quality as specimens age. This study suggests that the biospecimen may begin to take on new characteristics after certain storage years, and such changes may result in inaccurate determinations of the molecular characteristics of the biospecimen during analysis. Results from this study demonstrate that older HPV specimens are more inclined to be tested negative or inadequate from commercial HPV genotyping assays. Same findings are conferred when multiple genotyping assays are involved with HPV testing. Also, older HPV samples typify fewer HPV types compared to younger HPV samples. The results from this study will be useful to enhance potential scope for next fixation methods such as ethanol fixation that may be equally useful for both molecular profiling and histology as FFPE.

scholarly journals Legal nature of subordinated debt of financial institutions in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 272-281
Author(s):  
Babaskin A
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institution ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subordinated Debt ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Status ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comparative Description

In the article, the author argues that from the point of view of private law, the relationship that arises between the debtor (financial institution) and the creditor in attracting funds on terms of subordinated debt, is an economic relationship for attracting, respectively, loan, loan, bank deposit, which is performed on the terms of subordinated debt. Liabilities arising from borrowing on a subordinated debt basis are long-term, unsecured, repayable, and that change the order of creditors' claims to be applied in the event of the debtor's liquidation or bankruptcy. The existence of public-law rules governing the attraction of funds on subordinated debt does not affect the legal nature of the said transactions. Therefore, the failure of a debtor to comply with a transaction with the requirements of public law to attract funds on the basis of subordinated debt does not affect its validity. The funds attracted by the debtor bank acquire the status of subordinated debt, subject to obtaining the permission of the National Bank of Ukraine to take into account the borrowed funds on terms of subordinated debt to the capital of the bank. In the absence or revocation of the said permit, there is no reason to include such funds in the equity of the debtor bank and to assign the claims of the lender to such transaction in the event of liquidation or bankruptcy of the debtor bank to the queue established by law to satisfy the claims of creditors on subordinated debt. The article gives a comparative description of subordinated debt and hybrid capital instruments as components of the bank's additional capital, and offers suggestions for improvement of the current legislation of Ukraine.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Risk Attitude and Corporate Investment under Output Market Uncertainty: Evidence from The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ninh Le Khuong ◽  
Nghiem Le Tan ◽  
Tho Huynh Huu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to detect the impact of firm managers’ risk attitude on the relationship between the degree of output market uncertainty and firm investment. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between these two aspects for risk-averse managers while there is a positive relationship for risk-loving ones, since they have different utility functions. Based on the findings, this paper proposes recommendations for firm managers to take into account when making investment decisions and long-term business strategies as well.

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