scholarly journals Analysis of the regional distribution of road traffic mortality and associated factors in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasuku Okui ◽  
Jinsang Park
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Geographic Differences

Abstract Background Regional differences in road traffic (RT) mortality among municipalities have not been revealed in Japan. Further, the association between RT mortality and regional socioeconomic characteristics has not been investigated. We analyzed geographic differences in RT mortality and its associated factors using the Vital Statistics in Japan. Methods We used data on RT mortality by sex and municipality in Japan from 2013 to 2017. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of RT for each municipality by sex using an Empirical Bayes method. The SMRs were mapped onto a map of Japan to show the geographic differences. In addition, an ecological study investigated the municipal characteristics associated with the SMR using demographic socioeconomic, medical, weather, and vehicular characteristics as explanatory variables. The ecological study used a spatial statistical model. Results The mapping revealed that the number of municipalities with a high SMR of RT (SMR > 2) was larger in men than in women. In addition, SMRs of capital areas (Kanagawa and Tokyo prefectures) tended to be low in men and women. The regression analysis revealed that population density was negatively associated with the SMR in men and women, and the degree of the association was the largest among explanatory variables. In contrast, there was a positive association between the proportion of non-Japanese persons and SMR. The proportions of lower educational level (elementary school or junior high school graduates), agriculture, forestry, and fisheries workers, service workers, and blue-collar workers were positively associated with the SMR in men. The proportion of unemployed persons was negatively associated with the SMR in men. Conclusions Socioeconomic characteristics are associated with geographic differences in RT mortality particularly in men. The results suggested preventive measures targeted at men of low socioeconomic status and non-Japanese persons are needed to decrease RT mortality further.

scholarly journals Diet, Exercise, Lifestyle, and Mental Distress among Young and Mature Men and Women: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Lina Begdache ◽  
Saloumeh Sadeghzadeh ◽  
Gia Derose ◽  
Cassandra Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Negatively Associated

Customization of mental health therapies needs to consider the differences in degree of brain maturity between young (18–29 years) and mature (30 years or older) adults as well as brain morphology among men and women. The aim of this study was to identify the significant dietary and lifestyle contributors to mental distress in these sub-populations. Independent repeated cross-sectional sampling was performed for over a 5-year period (2014–2019) to collect data from different populations at different time-points and seasons. A backward stepwise regression analysis was used on 2628 records. Mental distress in young women was associated with high consumption of caffeine and fast-food, and it was negatively correlated with moderate-high levels of exercise as well as frequent breakfast consumption. Mature women shared several common factors with young women; however, high fruit consumption was negatively associated with mental distress. For young men, high exercise, moderate consumption of dairy, and moderate-high intake of meat were negatively associated with mental distress. In addition, high fast-food and caffeine consumption were positively associated with mental distress in young men. For mature men, strong negative associations between higher education, moderate intake of nuts and mental distress surfaced. Our results support the need to customize dietary and lifestyle recommendations to improve mental wellbeing.

Associated Factors and Health Impact of Sarcopenia in Older Chinese Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gerontology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny S.W. Lee ◽  
Tung-Wai Auyeung ◽  
Timothy Kwok ◽  
Edith M.C. Lau ◽  
Ping-Chung Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Chinese Men ◽  
Older Chinese

scholarly journals An ecological study on suicide and homicide in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1179-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Adjusted Rates ◽  
Official Records

The objective was to evaluate correlations between suicide, homicide and socio-demographic variables by an ecological study. Mortality and socio-demographic data were collected from official records of the Ministry of Health and IBGE (2010), aggregated by state (27). The data were analyzed using correlation techniques, factor analysis, principal component analysis with a varimax rotation and multiple linear regression. Suicide age-adjusted rates for the total population, men and women were 5.0, 8.0, and 2.2 per 100,000 inhabitants respectively. The suicide rates ranged from 2.7 in Pará to 9.1 in Rio Grande do Sul. Homicide for the total population, men and women were 27.2, 50.8, and 4.5 per 100,000, respectively. The homicide rates ranged from 13.0 in Santa Catarina to 68.9 in Alagoas. Suicide and homicide were negatively associated, the significance persisted among men. Unemployment was negatively correlated with suicide and positively with homicide. Different socio-demographic variables were found to correlate with suicide and homicide in the regressions. Suicide showed a pattern suggesting that, in Brazil, it is related to high socioeconomic status. Homicide seemed to follow the pattern found in other countries, associated with lower social and economic status.

scholarly journals Non-linear progression of chronic kidney disease and associated factors in hypertensive patients: a 4-year cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Saraiva da Silva ◽  
Tiago Ricardo Moreira ◽  
Rodrigo Gomes da Silva ◽  
Rosângela Minardi Mitre Cotta
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Non Linear

Abstract Background Recent studies suggest that the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not linear, but we do not have clear evidence on this issue, especially in hypertensive patients. We sought to evaluate the progression of CKD and associated factors over four years in a cohort of hypertensive patients. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study during the years 2012 and 2016, with hypertensive patients diagnosed with CKD (n = 113). The progression of CKD was assessed through the evolution of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the change in the stage of CKD between 2012 and 2016. Sociodemographic, economic, lifestyle, clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical variables were evaluated. The strength of the association between CKD progression and explanatory variables was assessed by odds ratio (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Regarding progression, 78.1% of the CKD patients did not progress over four years. When assessing the CKD trajectory (2012–2016) through the evolution of GFR, there was a mean reduction of 1.3 mL/min/1.73m² in four years. In the group that progressed, there was a reduction of 13 mL/min/1.73m², while in the group that did not progress, there was an increase of 2 mL/min/1.73m². In the multivariate analyses, age (p = 0.047), diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.042), and urea (p = 0.050) were independently associated with CKD progression. Conclusions The findings of the present study showed a non-linear progression of CKD over the four years, contrary to what is traditionally expected. Age, DM and urea were independently associated with CKD progression.

Age, Gender, and Cognitive Style Differneces in IS Professionals

2011 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Michael J. Gallivan
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Is Professionals

There is a long tradition of research on IS professionals that has examined potential gender differences between men and women, beginning with early studies by Igbaria and his colleagues (Guimaraes & Igbaria 1992; Igbaria & Chidambaram 1997; Igbaria & Siegel 1992). While these and many subsequent studies posited differences between men and women IS professionals, very few differences have been found—particularly for variables that are commonly studied: job satisfaction, turnover intentions, organizational commitment, and stress. I first summarize the results from many survey studies published in leading IS scholarly journals, as a way to frame my research on the adaptation of IS professionals to innovations in work practices. Then I summarize my program of research examining demographic variables, including age, gender and cognitive style differences as explanatory variables for a range of outcomes among IS professionals.

scholarly journals Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control, and Associated Factors: Results from a National Survey, Jordan

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Y. Jaddou ◽  
A. M. Batieha ◽  
Y. S. Khader ◽  
A. H. Kanaan ◽  
M. S. El-Khateeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
And Control

The study examined prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension (HTN), and associated factors and to evaluate the trend in hypertension between 2009 (period 2) and 1994–1998 (period 1). A national sample of 4117 adults aged 25 years and older was selected. Prevalence rate of HTN (SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 or on antihypertensive therapy) was 32.3% and was higher than the 29.4% prevalence rate reported in period 1. Prevalence rate was significantly higher among males, older age groups, least educated, obese, and diabetics than their counterparts. The rate of awareness among hypertensives was 56.1% and was higher than the 38.8% rate reported form period 1 data. Awareness was positively associated with age, smoking, and diabetes for both men and women, and with level of education and body mass index for men. Rate of treatment for HTN among aware patients was 63.3% and was significantly higher than the 52.8% rate reported in period1. Control rate of HTN among treated hypertensives was 39.6%; significantly higher than the 27.9% control rate in period 1. Control of HTN was positively associated with age but only for women. In conclusion, HTN is still on the rise in Jordan, and levels of awareness and control are below the optimal levels.

I did NOT feel like this at all before the accident: do men and women report different health and life consequences of a road traffic injury?

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Hasselberg ◽  
Marie Kirsebom ◽  
Josefin Bäckström ◽  
Hans-Yngve Berg ◽  
Ritva Rissanen
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Road Traffic Injury ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Traffic Injury ◽  
Physical Consequences ◽  
A Minor

BackgroundWorldwide, injuries represent one of the leading causes of mortality, and nearly one-quarter of all injuries are road traffic related. In many high-income countries, the burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) has shifted from premature death to injury and disability with long-term consequences; therefore, it is important to assess the full burden of an RTI on individual lives.ObjectiveTo describe how men and women with minor and moderate injuries reported the consequences of an RTI on their health and lives.MethodsThe study was designed as an explorative qualitative study, in which the answers to an open-ended question concerning the life and health consequences following injury were analysed using systematic text condensation.ParticipantsA total of 692 respondents with a minor or a moderate injury were included.ResultsThe respondents reported the consequences of the crash on their health and lives according to four categories: physical consequences, psychological consequences, everyday life consequences and financial consequences. The results show that medically classified minor and moderate injuries have detrimental long-term health and life consequences. Although men and women report some similar consequences, there are substantial differences in their reported psychological and everyday life consequences following an injury. Women report travel anxiety and PTSD-like symptoms, being life altering for them compared with men, for whom these types of reports were missing.ConclusionThese differences emphasise the importance of considering gender-specific physical and psychological consequences following an RTI.

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