scholarly journals Favorable function of Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 high expression in thyroid carcinoma

Hereditas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-hua Luo ◽  
Yun-hua Zhu ◽  
Cheng Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Killer T Cells ◽  
Missense Substitution

Abstract Background Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1) has been proved to play a vital role in human cancers. Nevertheless, the exact role of ENTPD1 in thyroid carcinoma (THCA) remained unclear. This study aimed to evaluate its prognostic value and reveal the potential regulatory mechanism in THCA. Results (1) Higher expression of ENTPD1 was found in THCA tissue compared with normal tissue (all P < 0.05). ENTPD1 expression was associated with age, sub-type and clinical stage of THCA patients (all P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed its higher expression in patients with early stage. (2) ENTPD1 high expression was associated with favorable overall survival of THCA patients (all P < 0.05), especially for male patients and those with advanced stage, B-cells and Natural killer T-cells decreased (all P < 0.05). (3) Pathway analysis indicated that ENTPD1 mainly participated in metabolic process and negatively regulated metabolism-related pathway such as butanoate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and fatty acid metabolism ((all P < 0.05). (4) ENTPD1 appeared genetic alteration in THCA, and the main mutation type of ENTPD1 was missense substitution (15.89%). (5) A weak correlation between ENTPD1 expression and methylation was found (P < 0.001). Methylation of ENTPD1 in THCA was lower than in normal group (P < 0.001), but it did not correlate with any clinical phenotypes of THCA patients. Conclusions ENTPD1 was highly expressed in THCA, and ENTPD1 high expression contributed to the prognosis of THCA patients. The present study inferred that ENTPD1 might serve as a metabolism-related gene and play a critical role in THCA through regulating metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals Drosophila Gut—A Nexus Between Dietary Restriction and Lifespan

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Lian ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Brian Hodge ◽  
Kenneth Wilson ◽  
Guixiang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Accumulation Of Damage

Aging is often defined as the accumulation of damage at the molecular and cellular levels which, over time, results in marked physiological impairments throughout the organism. Dietary restriction (DR) has been recognized as one of the strongest lifespan extending therapies observed in a wide array of organisms. Recent studies aimed at elucidating how DR promotes healthy aging have demonstrated a vital role of the digestive tract in mediating the beneficial effects of DR. Here, we review how dietary restriction influences gut metabolic homeostasis and immune function. Our discussion is focused on studies of the Drosophila digestive tract, where we describe in detail the potential mechanisms in which DR enhances maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, up-regulates lipid metabolic processes, and improves the ability of the gut to deal with damage or stress. We also examine evidence of a tissue-tissue crosstalk between gut and neighboring organs including brain and fat body. Taken together, we argue that the Drosophila gut plays a critical role in DR-mediated lifespan extension.

scholarly journals Excessive Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Aggravates Acute Myocardial Infarction Injury in Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Mice via the ROS-Dependent Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheliang Zhou ◽  
Shuning Zhang ◽  
Suling Ding ◽  
Mieradilijiang Abudupataer ◽  
Zhiwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Infarct Zone ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Genetically human apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε32 is associated with a decreased risk of ischemic heart disease. ApoE deficiency in mice impairs infarct healing after myocardial infarction (MI). After the ischemic injury, a large number of neutrophils are firstly recruited into the infarct zone and then degrade dead material and promote reparative phase transformation. The role of ApoE in inflammation response in the early stage of MI remains largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of ApoE deficiency on neutrophils’ function and myocardial injury after myocardial infarction. By left coronary artery ligation in ApoE-/- and wild-type (WT) mice, we observed increased infarct size and neutrophil infiltration in ApoE-/- mice. Within the infarct zone, more neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were observed in ApoE-/- mice, while increased ex vivo NET formation was detected in ApoE-/- mouse-derived neutrophils through the NADPH oxidase-ROS-dependent pathway. Suppressing overproduced NETs reduced myocardial injury in ApoE-/- mice after ligation. In general, our findings reveal a critical role of apolipoprotein E in regulating Ly6G+ neutrophil activation and NET formation, resulting in limiting myocardial injury after myocardial infarction. In such a process, apolipoprotein E regulates NET formation via the ROS-MAPK-MSK1 pathway.

scholarly journals Critical Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 in Adipose Tissue Remodeling during Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Yueshui Zhao ◽  
Chuan Chen ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Hyun-ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Adipose Tissue Remodeling

ABSTRACT Fibrosis is recognized as the major pathological change in adipose tissue during the development of obesity. However, the detailed mechanisms governing the interactions between the fibrotic components and their modifiers remain largely unclear. Here, we reported that matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), a key pericellular collagenase, is dramatically upregulated in obese adipose tissue. We generated a doxycycline-inducible adipose tissue-specific MMP14 overexpression model to study its regulatory function. We found that overexpression of MMP14 in the established obese adipose tissue leads to enlarged adipocytes and increased body weights in transgenic mice. Furthermore, the mice exhibited decreased energy expenditure, impaired lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, we found that MMP14 digests collagen 6α3 to produce endotrophin, a potent costimulator of fibrosis and inflammation. Unexpectedly, when overexpressing MMP14 in the early-stage obese adipose tissue, the transgenic mice showed a healthier metabolic profile, including ameliorated fibrosis and inflammation, as well as improved lipid and glucose metabolism. This unique metabolic phenotype is likely due to digestion/modification of the dense adipose tissue extracellular matrix by MMP14, thereby releasing the mechanical stress to allow for its healthy expansion. Understanding these dichotomous impacts of MMP14 provides novel insights into strategies to treat obesity-related metabolic disorders.

Axiological analysis for the role of values in person-centered healthcare

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
James Marcum
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Biomedical Model ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Epistemic Values ◽  
Aesthetic Values

In this paper, an axiological analysis for the role of values in person-centered healthcare is undertaken from aesthetic, epistemic, and ethical perspectives, given the backdrop of a robust notion of personhood. To that end, personhood is first analyzed and conceptualized to provide a practical framework for situating the axiological analysis for the role of values, especially the value of human dignity, in healthcare. In terms of aesthetic values, beauty plays an essential role within person-centered healthcare, especially with respect to the value of wellbeing, and for providing a platform to analyze further both epistemic and ethical values in healthcare. With respect to epistemic values, truth - particularly in terms of the value of competence - plays a critical role in providing effective healthcare. In terms of ethical values, the good, especially with respect to the value of caring, plays a vital role in shaping how both clinicians and patients comport themselves in the clinical encounter. In a concluding section, the significance of the axiological analysis for the role of values in person-centered healthcare, in contrast to healthcare based on the biomedical model, is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals The critical role of Krüppel-like factors in kidney disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (2) ◽  
pp. F259-F265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Mallipattu ◽  
Chelsea C. Estrada ◽  
John C. He
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Barrier ◽  
Kidney Fibrosis ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mammalian Embryonic Development

Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc-finger transcription factors critical to mammalian embryonic development, regeneration, and human disease. There is emerging evidence that KLFs play a vital role in key physiological processes in the kidney, ranging from maintenance of glomerular filtration barrier to tubulointerstitial inflammation to progression of kidney fibrosis. Seventeen members of the KLF family have been identified, and several have been well characterized in the kidney. Although they may share some overlap in their downstream targets, their structure and function remain distinct. This review highlights our current knowledge of KLFs in the kidney, which includes their pattern of expression and their function in regulating key biological processes. We will also critically examine the currently available literature on KLFs in the kidney and offer some key areas in need of further investigation.

scholarly journals Early stage mycosis fungoides responsive to acitretin monotreatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Linda Nagy ◽  
◽  
Enikő Szép ◽  
Enikő Telegdy ◽  
Miklós Egyed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Mycosis Fungoides ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Skin Symptoms ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
First Line Treatment

The authors present a case of a 36 year- old male patients, with St. IB mycosis fungoides with extensive skin symptoms. They decided acitretin monotherapy, as first line treatment. The patient responded well, and became permanently asymptomatic. The authors provide a brief literature review of the role of acitretin in the treatment of mycosis fungoides.

scholarly journals The role of HOMER3 in liver cancer progression.

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Precious Takondwa Makondi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Tumor Tissues

89 Background: Liver cancer (LC) is in the seventh most common cancer and the fourth largest cause of cancer deaths. Although significant progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis; alcoholic liver disease, obesity and diabetes are now emerging as major causes for LC. Recently there has been increase in identification of biomarkers which can predict LC risk and disease progression, but the roles of HOMER3 gene in LC are not known. Methods: First the expression of HOMER3 between normal and tumor tissues was determined using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genetic Expression Omnibus (GEO) and protein atlas datasets. HOMER3 expression at different clinical stage and overall survival (OS) was also determined. The role of HOMER3 on OS in relation to cancer stage, hepatitis virus infection and alcohol intake was also determined. STRING database determined HOMER3 interaction network and TCGA was used to verify the correlation status, and the roles of the network genes on OS. The pathways enriched by HOMER3 were determined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results: HOMER3 was significantly highly expressed in tumor tissues as compared to normal tissues. The expression of HOMER3 correlated positively with clinical stage, with highest expression in advanced stages (Stage 3 and 4), and high HOMER3 expression was associated with poor OS. HOMER3’ s high expression was associated with poor OS in advanced stage, alcohol intake, and in those negative of viral hepatitis infection. HOMER3 interacted with HOMER1, SHANK1, GRM5, GRM1, DLGAP1, SHANK2, DLG4, SHANK3, DLG2 and DLGAP4, with positive correlation to HOMER1, SHANK1, GRM5, GRM1, DLGAP1, DLG4 and DLGAP4 and negative correlation to SHANK2, SHANK3 and DLG2. HOMER1 and DLGAP4 high expression were associated with poor OS while SHANK2, SHANK3 and DLG2 high expression were associated with favorable OS. GRM5 and GRM1 high expression were associated with favorable OS despite being positively correlated with HOMER3. ECM receptor interaction and Notch signaling were the upregulated pathways while Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome p450 and PPAR signaling were the downregulated pathways. Conclusions: HOMER3 may is have a role in liver cancer progression of which its targeting may improve LC outcome.

scholarly journals KIF15 is An Oncogene of Prostate Cancer and is A Key Prognostic Factor in Patients with Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Jing Hao ◽  
Jin-Xiu Liu ◽  
Peng-Fei Wang ◽  
Chao-Fei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Kinesin Superfamily

Abstract Background KIF15, a member of kinesin superfamily proteins, has been found that play a of vital role in the carcinogenesis of various malignant tumor. But whether KIF15 can facilitate the evolution of prostate cancer (PCa) is still unknown. This study aims to explore its biological function in PCa cells and its relevance to prognosis and clinical features in PCa patients. Material and Methods KIF15 expression at mRNA and protein level in tumor and normal tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Then the correlations between KIF15 expression and PCa patients’ clinical characteristics was analyzed. After inhibiting the expression of KIF15 by shRNA, the role of KIF15 on proliferative capacity of PCa was evaluated by using MTT assay. The function of KIF15 on metastatic potential of PCa was determined by using transwell assay. The prognostic value of KIF15 was determined by using bioinformatics analysis. Results Compared with normal tissues, KIF15 was overexpressed in PCa tissues. After knocking down KIF15 in C4-2 and Lncap cell lines, the proliferation (P < 0.001) and invasion (P < 0.001) capabilities of tumor cells are significantly reduced compared to the shCON group. The proliferation marker Ki67 and the metastasis-related marker MMP9 were also significantly reduced in two cell lines after silencing KIF15. Except that, increased KIF15 in tumor tissue is associated with clinical stage (P = 0.004), seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.02), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.03), and poor disease-free survival (P < 0.05) in PCa patients. Conclusions The results proved that KIF15 might served as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in prostate cancer, and play as a vital regulatory factor in tumorigenesis and cancer development of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Limited Role of Mincle in the Host Defense against Infection with Cryptococcus deneoformans

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Sato ◽  
Ko Sato ◽  
Hideki Yamamoto ◽  
Jun Kasamatsu ◽  
Tomomitsu Miyasaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Lectin Receptors ◽  
Cryptococcal Infection ◽  
Tnf Α

ABSTRACT Cryptococcus deneoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that frequently causes fatal meningoencephalitis in patients with impaired cell-mediated immune responses such as AIDS. Caspase-associated recruitment domain 9 (CARD9) plays a critical role in the host defense against cryptococcal infection, suggesting the involvement of one or more C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). In the present study, we analyzed the role of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle), one of the CLRs, in the host defense against C. deneoformans infection. Mincle expression in the lungs of wild-type (WT) mice was increased in the early stage of cryptococcal infection in a CARD9-dependent manner. In Mincle gene-disrupted (Mincle KO) mice, the clearance of this fungus, pathological findings, Th1/Th2 response, and antimicrobial peptide production in the infected lungs were nearly comparable to those in WT mice. However, the production of interleukin-22 (IL-22), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6 and the expression of AhR were significantly decreased in the lungs of Mincle KO mice compared to those of WT mice. In in vitro experiments, TNF-α production by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells was significantly decreased in Mincle KO mice. In addition, the disrupted lysates of C. deneoformans, but not those of whole yeast cells, activated Mincle-triggered signaling in an assay with a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter cells expressing this receptor. These results suggest that Mincle may be involved in the production of Th22-related cytokines at the early stage of cryptococcal infection, although its role may be limited in the host defense against infection with C. deneoformans.

Assertion, Negotiation and Subjugation of Identity: Understanding the Tamil-Malayali Conflict in Munnar

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Shyam Hari P.
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Heterogeneous Societies ◽  
Insight Into

Social identities play a critical role in the various phases of conflict. Existing literature often examines the role of social identity of groups in inducing conflict in heterogeneous societies. This article puts forward the view that the role of identity is not limited in terms of inducing conflict, but it also plays a vital role in influencing the dynamics of conflict. Based on this conceptual framework, the article outlines the conflict dynamics observable in the Kannan Devan Hills village in Kerala, where several factors, over the course of time in the last century, have led to the perception of conflict between the Tamils and the Malayalis. As a major objective, the article identifies the issues and processes of social interaction between the two groups that necessarily influence the nature of the conflict. The article identifies that the conflict between the two communities, though mostly latent, can be seen through three important aspects: assertion, negotiation and subjugation of identities. Through assertion of identity, the conflict is perceived over ethnic lines, whereas the process of negotiation and subjugation of identity constantly undermines the ethnic nature of conflict to specific grievances, thus giving insight into the dynamic nature of the conflict.

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