scholarly journals Review: Psychological & Behavioural Treatments of Nonepileptic Seizures in Children and Adolescents

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S299-S299
Author(s):  
Hemma Velani ◽  
Julia Gledhill
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
High Level

AimsTo systematically review Psychological and Behavioural treatments on NES in children and adolescents by reviewing the current literature.BackgroundNon-epileptic seizures (NES) are associated with a high level of functional impairment for young people and their families. However, there are no UK guidelines for the management of NES in children and adolescents or adults. Though information from the limited studies in adults may be useful, the findings may not be generalizable to children and adolescents. To date, we are unaware of any published systematic review on this topic in children and adolescents.MethodA systematic search of relevant electronic databases was conducted. Any study investigating the effectiveness of psychological and behavioural treatments on NES, in Children and Adolescents was included.ResultFifteen studies were identified, but only six studies had the primary aim of evaluating an intervention, and only one used a control group. The rest were observational studies that examined retrospective case notes.CBT and psychoeducation were identified as the most common interventions. Eleven out of the fifteen studies used multiple treatments, four looked at one treatment only, three of these CBT and one was a natural history study.Where individual therapy was provided, a common focus was management of anxiety, usually delivered in a flexible way, adapted to individual needs. Despite being identified as important in the literature, only one study demonstrated care that involved collaboration between physical and mental health teams.ConclusionIt's difficult to conclude from this review that one treatment approach is superior to another. The findings of this review offer some insight into current practise and may help to inform future research in this area. CBT and psychoeducation with a focus on anxiety are frequently included in interventions for NES in young people, and further evaluation of these treatment modalities could be a helpful next step.

Nurse, 30 years’ experience, Norway

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Markus Reuber ◽  
Gregg H. Rawlings ◽  
Steven C. Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mind ◽  
People Today

This chapter focuses on the experience of a nurse when working with children and adolescents with Non-Epileptic Seizures (NES). Young people today have challenges on many levels, and for some, the total load becomes so great that they develop “seizures” for which a biological cause cannot be identified. Young people who develop NES have often been overloaded for a long time, many describing family problems, long-term bullying problems, exclusion or problems at school. The nurse is also increasingly meeting young people who struggle to adapt to youth culture. They are exhausted from trying to find a balance in their lives—a balance between achievement and rest, between their own needs and society’s demands, between “what the mind wants” and “what the body can tolerate.” Some come from families who have strong ideals that are not compatible with youth culture. This can result in a loyalty conflict that seems impossible to solve.

Effects on Social Support Networks: Exploring the Impact of Type and Severity of Abuse Experienced by Children and Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity A. Quirk ◽  
Debra J. Rickwood
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Social Support Networks ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The importance of social networks for young people who have experienced abuse and neglect remains an underdeveloped area of research and practice. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between abuse experienced by children and adolescents and subsequent outcomes on their social support networks. The study sample consisted of 85 clients (aged 8–15) of a service specifically for children reported to child protection due to child abuse and neglect. Abuse was measured using the Harm Consequences Assessment (HCA), which recorded the level of abuse experienced in five domains: Abandonment/No Appropriate Carer, Developmental and Medical Harm, Emotional and Psychological Harm, Physical Harm and Injury, and Sexual Harm. This also ranked abuse experienced in terms of severity: concerning, serious or extreme. Social network was measured using the Social Network Map. Analyses revealed a very high level of abuse for most young people across multiple domains. Social support was most evident in the “other family” category, and a relatively high level of perceived support was reported. There were few significant associations between levels of abuse and social support networks. However, one significant effect evident was for those young people who had not experienced developmental abuse who reported a significantly better network quality in work/school area of life than those who had experienced concerning or serious developmental abuse. This study contributes to an important body of emerging evidence on social support networks for children who have experienced maltreatment.

scholarly journals Empirical evaluation of professional traineeships for young people up to 30 years of age

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Hora
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Labour Market Policy ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this article, we evaluate ‘Professional traineeships for young people up to 30 years’, an active labour market policy measure implemented in the Czech Republic. Professional traineeships were one of the possibilities for suitable offer to young people within Youth Guarantee in the Czech Republic in 2014 and 2015. First, we conducted a process evaluation (document analysis and interviews) to uncover the design and implementation aspects of the program. Next, we followed the counterfactual impact evaluation approach towards the estimate of returns to unemployment (competing risk analysis) based on individual administration data from public employment services. We have found that professional traineeships were successful in attracting the interest of both young people and employers. Mainly young people with middle and high level education have entered the program. Most of them have been provided with on-the-job subsidies in the private sector. When considering the impact of the program on the unemployment of participants and a control group, it was shown that after two years, the measure was effective only for young people with long pre-program Employment Office registration. When we consider the reasons for leaving Employment Office registration, the measure seems to be more effective, since many young people in the control group left the Employment Office register in favour of options that were outside of the labour market.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH SCOLIOSIS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF TREATMENT

2006 ◽  
pp. 008-012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Alekseyevich Norkin ◽  
Viktor Nikolayevich Shemyatenkov ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Zaretskov ◽  
Darya Pavlovna Zueva ◽  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Zaretskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vegetative Nervous System ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Reactive Anxiety ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Operation Results

Objectives. To study some peculiarities of psychophysiology of children and adolescents with scoliosis and to assess its dynamics after surgical treatment. Material and Methods. Total of 58 patients with scoliosis of grade III–IV at the age of 10 to16 years were examined, out of them 17 were operated on by Cotrel – Dubousset technique. Control group consisted of 18 practically healthy individuals of similar age. Clinical, rontgenologic and psychophysiologic methods of analysis were used. Psychoemotional state was assessed by depression level, indexes of personal and reactive anxiety, and by patients’ attitude to their disease and vital functions. Psychovegetative reactivity was evaluated by oculocardiac, cardiac-sinus and celiac-plexus reflexes. The patients were examined three times: before operation, in six and twelve months after operation. Results. Psychophysiologic status of children and adolescents with scoliosis essentially differs from that of normal ones. Psychoemotional disorders are characterized by a high level of depression, situational and personal anxiety, and by violation of social adaptation, and psychovegetative disorders – by increase in lability and reduction of reactivity of the vegetative nervous system. Conclusion. It was revealed that the psychophysiologic status of children and adolescents with scoliosis has essential peculiarities. In the nearest postoperative period the positive dynamics is mainly seen in psychoemotional status, but psychovegetative state remain without any essential dynamics.

scholarly journals Procrastination and Aggression for Mental Disorders in Young People

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Zvereva ◽  
S.N. Enikolopov ◽  
I. Oleichik
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Indirect Aggression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Healthy Young People ◽  
Hand Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Mental Pathology

The article presents analyze the phenomenon of procrastination and indirect manifestations of aggression in young people in normal health and mental disorders. Procrastination - a frequent phenomenon among young people, for this category the term “academic procrastination”; the high level of the various manifestations of aggression can also accompany adolescents in health and disease. The purpose of research is analysis of the relationship of procrastination and manifestations of aggression in health and mental disorders in adolescence. A complex of methods of psychological diagnosis, which included: questionnaire “Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students” (PASS, Solomon & Rothblum, 1984) Rosenzweig Frustration Test, Wagners Hand Test. We studied two samples of subjects 18-25 years: a control group of healthy young people (boys and girls) - 61 people, the experimental group - young people of both sexes who had mental disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, affective disorders – bipolar disorder, personality disorder) – 57. The results indicate the presence of the specific nature of components procrastination and indirect aggression manifestations of different levels at a young age for mental pathology.

scholarly journals Correlation Between HCV Infection and Creatinine Level in Thalassemia Patents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Saif Jabbar Yasir ◽  
Saif Yassen Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Creatinine Level ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Thalassemia Patient ◽  
High Level ◽  
Kidney Impairment ◽  
Test Use ◽  
The Relationship

The current study aimed to fine the relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV), and kidney impairment in thalassemia patient. This retrospective case-control study include sample size total number 102 patients ranged between 15 and 30 years were divided into two groups: first, 51patients suffering from kidney impairment - the kidney impairment detected by creatinine level in serum and second, 51-patient without kidney impairment as a control group. Both group monitored HCV infection. The patient attended to AL-Zahra hospital (Najaf) thalassemia department from January to Aug 2018. Biochemical test use for detection of creatinine, serological test use for detection HCV. The SPSS program version 24 uses for data analysis the results. When observed the results in both groups the percentage of HCV in the first group (with abnormal creatinine level) is higher than in the second group (with normal creatinine level). 32/51 (62, 7%) and 19/51(37, 2%) respectively. A high level of HCV in a group with kidney defect indicates for viral effect on the normal kidney function, kidney defect patient of thalassemia patient has a higher susceptibility to HCV infection.

scholarly journals Accuracy and efficacy of diagnosis via integrated with metabolomics in patients with PCOS: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Ming Ni ◽  
Wen-Long Huang ◽  
Yan-min Jiang ◽  
Juan Xu ◽  
Ru Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined as a complex endocrine syndrome and the mechanisms underlying its various clinical signs and symptoms are still poorly understood, brings huge difficulties for clinical diagnosis and treatment. General agreement based on several clinical guideline[1, 2] suggest that it is critical to precisely diagnose the phenotypes of PCOS and give them an individual therapy. However, the criteria for different phenotypes remains unclear, mostly based on symptoms, physical examination and laboratory evaluation. The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy and preciseness of metabolomics markers with common clinical characteristics to find a more effective way to diagnose and treat these two subgroups (based on our basic study[3]) of PCOS patients. What’s more, the effects of different interventions according to two subgroups will also be observed. Methods/design This is a prospective, multicenter, analyst-blinded and randomized controlled trial. One healthy control group and two parallel experiment arms will be proposed in this study: (1) people without PCOS (health control group); (2) PCOS patients diagnosed mainly based on clinical indexes (group one); (3) PCOS patients diagnosed mainly based on metabolomics indexes (group two). A total of 276 eligible people will be recruited, which includes 60 healthy people and 216 PCOS patients, which will be randomly assigned to different diagnosis groups in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in two different diagnosis groups will be divided into two different subgroups according to their clinical characteristics (group one based on clinical indexes, group two based on metabolomics indexes) and receive a 6-month corresponding treatment. The primary outcome for experiment groups will be the condition of PCOS. All data will be analyzed periodically. This trial will help us to clarify the value of metabolomics integrated with clinical characteristics in diagnosis and treatment of two PCOS subgroups. It will also highlight any differences in the accuracy and efficacy of these two techniques and it may provide a new specific direction of integrated method for the PCOS therapy. Discussion The purpose of this trial is to determine whether integrated metabolomics indexes is more accuracy and effective than clinical characteristics in diagnose the phenotypes of reproductive females with PCOS. This trial will, therefore, contribute to providing a solid foundation for clinical precise diagnosis of two PCOS subgroups, as well as future research in PCOS individual therapy.

scholarly journals Assessment of quality of life and physical and mental health in children and adolescents with coeliac disease compared to their healthy peers

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
Bilјana Stojanovic ◽  
Rasa Medovic ◽  
Nela Djonovic ◽  
Zoran Lekovic ◽  
Dragan Prokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction/Objective. Strict gluten-free diet for life is the only treatment for patients with coeliac disease. Limited selection of food options can affect their quality of life and cause problems in acceptance by their peers. The aim was to examine the subjective quality of life experience in children and adolescents with coeliac disease and to obtain a comprehensive representation of physical and mental impairments and social functioning compared to their healthy peers. Methods. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study. It included 116 respondents aged 5?18 years with coeliac disease and 116 healthy children of similar age and sex. A Serbian version of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) was used to measure the quality of life in children. Descriptive statistics were calculated to analyze all results, while t-test was used to compare them. Results. The mean value of total PedsQL score was lower in the coeliac disease patients (75.89 ? 20.35) than in the controls (86.35 ? 11.13). Additionally, the experimental group reported lower all PedsQL Scale scores than the control group in the domains of psychosocial, school, social, and emotional functioning. However, there was no statistically significant difference on the physical health scale. These results were the same in all age groups among both males and females. Conclusions. The disturbance of health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with coeliac disease is significant and the quality of life is lower if compared to their healthy peers.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Leukocytes Numbers and Consciousness Level of Craniotomy Patients at The Jemursari Islamic Hospital Surabaya in 2018-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Ainul Rofik ◽  
Utami Ambarsari ◽  
Hafizh Auliyan Sodali ◽  
Misbakhul Munir
Keyword(s):  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Consciousness Level ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Leukocyte Number ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
High Level

This study investigates the correlation between leukocyte number and the patient's awareness level after craniotomy surgery, both high (leukocytosis) and low (leukopenia). Several studies reveal that an increase in leukocytes affects mortality rates due to the high level of leukocytes affecting our body's functionalities, including awareness. Previous studies revealed that a leukocyte count exceeding 17.5x106/L was associated with a lower GCS score, a longer hospital stay, and worsening CT scan results, regardless of the type of focal lesion that occurred. This study uses observational methods in the form of retrospective case studies. The data was collected from the medical records of the Operation room at Jemursari Islamic Hospital in 2018-2019 with a sample size of 89. The research was conducted at Jemursari Islamic Hospital Surabaya from May 2018 to August 2019. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test with p <0.05. Results showed no significant relationship between the leukocyte count and the consciousness level of post-craniotomy patients. Future research could estimate the specific effects on the morphology of specific leukocyte cells that are elevated in post-craniotomy patients. This research is expected to provide insight into the effect of leukocytes on consciousness to reduce patient mortality after craniotomy.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of STin2 (Intron 2) Variant of The SLC6A4 Gene in Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrokh Amiri ◽  
Mahan Asadian ◽  
Mahmoud Shekari Khaniani ◽  
Sima Mansouri Derakhshan ◽  
Negar Pourhossein Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intron 2

Abstract Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is recognized as one of the most familiar childhood psychiatric disorders. Many molecular genetic reviews suggest that genes play a crucial role in susceptibility to ADHD. The serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has polymorphisms that seem to correlate with ADHD development. The association between ADHD and the SLC6A4 gene variants in the Iranian population has not been investigated yet. This study analyzes the STin2 (intron 2) variant of the SLC6A4 gene in Iranian children and adolescents with ADHD . Materials and Methods In this retrospective case-control study, 86 ADHD patients and 99 healthy volunteers aged 5 to 14 years old were enrolled as the case group and the control group, respectively. The STin2 (intron2) fragment of the SLC6A4 gene was amplified using specific primers by conventional PCR, and three STin2 alleles of the SLC6A4 gene (STin2.9, STin2.10, and STin2.12) were examined using the acrylamide gel method. Results We found no significant difference between the ADHD and the control groups in STin2.9(34.9% vs 39.4%, p-value = 0.824), STin2.10(29.1% vs 23.2%, p-value = 1.354), and STin2.12(36% vs 36.4%, p-value = 0.986) variants. Conclusion It is concluded that there was no association between the frequency of STin2 variant alleles of the SLC6A4 gene andADHD, but in the study of risk estimation, it was found that allele 10 of this variant is a risk allele in ADHD patients.

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