scholarly journals SUN-076 Somatic and Neurodevelopmental Outcome and Muscle Tone in 5 to 9 Year Old Children Born After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Snajderova ◽  
Josef Kraus ◽  
Daniela Zemkova ◽  
Tonko Mardesic
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Proximal Muscle ◽  
Neurological Development ◽  
Muscle Hypotonia ◽  
Girdle Muscle

Abstract Introduction: Assessing the development and health status of children born after assisted reproductive techniques is very important. This also applies to somatic and neurological development. Little is known on the development of muscle tone in children. Aim of our study was to evaluate the somatic and neurological development in children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with special focus on proximal muscle tone. Material and methods: A group of 82 singletons (ICSI) aged 5–9 years (42 M, 40 F) and a control group of 82 singletons spontaneously conceived (SC), all with low morbidity, were compared by age and sex. Comprehensive assessment by endocrinologist, clinical anthropologist and pediatric neurologist was performed. Results: Both ICSI and SC children had normal somatic development. In the standard neurological testing, motor development did not differ significantly in ICSI children compared with the general population. Nevertheless, some coordination abnormalities tested by diadochokinesis and by the finger-nose test, were found in all but 7 ICSI children (ICSI in 91 % versus SC in 9 %; p<0.001). A prominent hypotonia of upper girdle muscles tested by the scarf sign was found in all but 4 ICSI children (ICSI in 95 % versus SC in 61 %; p<0.001). In the contrary, no difference was found for lower girdle muscle tone in ICSI versus SC children. Any of the factors tested for possible relationship to upper girdle muscle hypotonia was not found to be significant. Conclusions: As far as we know, this study is the first evaluation of proximal muscle tone in ICSI children aged 5 - 9 years. Subtle changes in the neurological status were revealed comparing ICSI and SC children, i. e. the prominent upper girdle muscle hypotonia and the coordination changes. The hypotonia can be explained by a slight change in the muscle tone maturation and movement coordination. The ICSI method very likely does not have any negative effect on the neurodevelopmental outcome of children. Nevertheless, the development of muscle tone and coordination in ICSI children should be monitored. Early diagnosis of these abnormalities helps to early initiation of appropriate therapy and thus avoids possible complications.

Abnormal Shoulder Girdle Muscle Tone in Premature Infants During Their First 18 Months of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
Michael K. Georgieff ◽  
Judy C. Bernbaum
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Girdle Muscle ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscle

To document the incidence of and neonatal factors associated with abnormal shoulder girdle muscle tone in premature infants at follow-up, we studied 125 consecutively admitted infants weighing < 1,750 g treated in The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia intensive care nursery and subsequently seen in the Neonatal Follow-up Program up to 18 months of age. Fifty-seven infants (46%) displayed abnormal shoulder girdle muscle tone which presented clinically as scapular retractions. These infants had significantly lower birth weights (P < .001) and gestational age (P < .001) as well as a higher incidence of acute and chronic pulmonary disease (P < 0.01) and CNS insults (P < .05) when compared with infants without scapular retractions. The 57 infants with scapular retractions were further divided into two groups: 42 infants (74%) in whom scapular retractions were associated with generalized mild hypertonicity and 15 infants (26%) in whom scapular retractions compensated for trunk and neck hypotonicity. The infants with scapular retractions and hypotonicity had a significantly higher incidence of neonatal neurologic morbidity including seizures, major resuscitations, and birth asphyxia (P < .01) when compared with the infants with scapular retractions and hypertonicity. Shoulder girdle tone abnormalities in the first year of life inhibit crawling, sitting, and object manipulation and, therefore, may manifest as delays in motor development. Identification of infants with significant neonatal risk factors for tone abnormalities is important to allow for earlier therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Effect of Physiotherapy with Visual Tools (Cards) on Gross Motor Skills for Children Aged 4 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigita Stančikaitė ◽  
Brigita Liutkutė
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Visual Support ◽  
Development Delay

Background. Motor development delay is a term used to describe children who exhibit insuffcient motor coordination skills in comparison with that expected for their chronological age and intellect. It is important to start physiotherapy, which should be interesting, attractive and motivating as early as possible for children with developmental motor disorders. We expect physiotherapy sessions with visual supports (the cards) to be more effective compared to usual physiotherapy (without visual supports) while dealing with children’s developmental motor disorders. The aim was to evaluate effect of physiotherapy with visual support (the cards) and usual physiotherapy (without visual support) on gross motor skills in children four years of age. Methods. The study was conducted in a sanatorium. Thirty children with motor development delay (age – 4 years) were included in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the study group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15). The study group subjects received physiotherapy with visual support – cards and controls received usual physiotherapy sessions. Motor age, motor coeffcient, balance and muscle tone were assessed before and after intervention. Results. Before physiotherapy motor age in controls was 33.7 ± 1.6 months, in the study group – 33.4 ± 1.6 months. After physiotherapy it increased significantly respectively to 38.33 ± 1.64 and 37.0 ± 2.0 months. Motor coeffcient before physiotherapy in study group was 69.6 ± 3.4, in the control group – 70.3 ± 3.4, after physiotherapy it improved respectively to 75.2 ± 3.2 and 72.5 ± 3.9 (p < 0.05). Balance before physiotherapy in the study group was 35.4 ± 2.2 points, in the control group – 35.1 ± 3.4 points, followed by physiotherapy it signifcantly improved in both groups respectively to 42.2 ± 3.2 and 38.9 ± 3.6 points. Muscle tone before physiotherapy in the study group was 2.3 ± 0.7 points in the control – 2.2 ± 0.7 points, followed by physiotherapy muscle tone did not change signifcantly, and it was respectively 2.1 ± 0.4 and 2.1 ± 0.4 points. Conclusions. Physiotherapy program with visual support (cards) was effective in improving gross motor skills as well as usual physiotherapy (without cards). There were no signifcant differences between two physiotherapy programs in improving gross motor skills in children 4 years of age.Keywords: children, gross motor skills, physiotherapy, method using cards, motor development delay.

scholarly journals Effects of tissue neurotransplantation on sceletal muscle tone restoration after experimental mechanical injury of the cerebellum

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
V. Tsymbalyuk ◽  
V. Medvediev ◽  
Yu. Senchyk
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Muscle Hypotonia

This work aimed to conduct a comparative study of the restorative effects of transplantation of fetal neural tissue (FNT), olfactory bulb tissue (OBT) and fetal kidney (FK) on the dynamics of muscle hypotonia after cerebellar hemisphere injury in the adult rats. Beam walking test (BWT) allowed detect at least three degrees of hypotonia which correspond to 2, 3, and 4 points. The authors selected animals with function index (FI) by BWT scale strictly lesser than 4 points on the 3rd day after injury. Moderate hypotonia was associated with FI 3 points, severe – 2 points, and mild-4 points. Major differences in the dynamics of the restorative process across study groups were detected at the first month of study: slow recovery of statics and coordination (control); fast recovery (during first 9 days, FK, OBT and FNT groups) that underwent changes by its slow increase during 9th–33rd day. Mild hypotonia in the control group showed itself by the end of the 1st month and on the 9th day in the FK, OBT and FNT groups. Normotony was observed on the 21st (group FNT) and 30th day (groups FK and OBT). These data suggest that neurotransplantation has a significant effect on muscle tone improvement after cerebellar injury, depending on the type of graft.

FMS Effects of a Motor Program for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110100
Author(s):  
Liangshan Dong ◽  
Bo Shen ◽  
YanLi Pang ◽  
Mingting Zhang ◽  
Yuan Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Ball Skills

The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a motor program that specifically targeted fundamental motor skills (FMS) in children with ASD. The experimental group (n=21) participated in a 9-week program with motor instructions for 80 minutes/day, three days/week, while the control group (n=29) did not participate in the program. We measured FMS (using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3) one-week before, one-week after, and two-months after the program. Children in the experimental group had significantly larger FMS improvements than the controls on both locomotor and ball skills immediately following the program, and these participants showed continuous improvement on locomotor, but not ball skills, at 2-months follow-up. In individual analyses, 80% of children in the experimental group versus 29% of children in the control group showed continuous locomotor skills improvement beyond their pre-test levels. These findings highlight the importance of both a long-term motor development intervention and an individualized approach for evaluating improved FMS among children with ASD.

scholarly journals Efficacy of axial TheraTogs on gait pattern in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamekh Mohamed El-Shamy ◽  
Ehab Mohamed Abd El Kafy
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background TheraTogs promotes proprioceptive sense of a child with cerebral palsy and improves abnormal muscle tone, posture alignment, balance, and gait. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of TheraTogs orthotic undergarment on gait pattern in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Thirty children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy were selected for this randomized controlled study. They were randomly assigned to (1) an experimental group that received TheraTogs orthotic undergarment (12 h/day, 3 days/week) plus traditional physical therapy for 3 successive months and (2) a control group that received only traditional physical therapy program for the same time period. Gait parameters were measured at baseline and after 3 months of intervention using Pro-Reflex motion analysis. Results Children in both groups showed significant improvements in the gait parameters (P < 0.05), with significantly greater improvements in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusions The use of TheraTogs may have a positive effect to improve gait pattern in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Trial registration This trial was registered in the ClinicalTrial.gov PRS (NCT03037697).

The effect of dry needling of myofascial trigger points on muscle stiffness and motoneuron excitability in healthy subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 096452842110275
Author(s):  
Carolina Jiménez-Sánchez ◽  
Julio Gómez-Soriano ◽  
Elisabeth Bravo-Esteban ◽  
Orlando Mayoral-del Moral ◽  
Pablo Herrero-Gállego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Motoneuron Excitability

Background: Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are hypersensitive nodules in a taut band (TB) of skeletal muscle. Dry needling (DN) is an invasive technique recommended for the treatment of MTrPs. However, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the influence of the DN technique on modification of muscle stiffness and neurophysiological properties of MTrPs. Objective: The objective was to examine the effect of DN on muscle stiffness and motoneuron excitability of a latent medial MTrP (nodule and TB) of the soleus muscle in non-injured subjects. Methods: A double-blinded randomised controlled trial of 46 subjects with latent medial MTrPs of the soleus was conducted, in which all received one session of DN. The intervention group (n = 23) were subjected to DN into the MTrP (the nodule), while the control group (n = 23) were subjected to DN into the TB. Assessment was carried out at baseline (pre-test), after the intervention (post-test) and 1 week after the intervention (follow-up). Biomechanical variables (muscle resistive force at 10°/s and 180°/s, muscle extensibility and strength), as measured with an isokinetic dynamometer, and neurophysiological variables (H-reflex), were recorded. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in biomechanical or neurophysiological assessments between groups. Considering the intra-group analysis, subjects in the intervention group exhibited increased maximal isometric voluntary force to ankle plantarflexion (MIVFp) at both post-intervention and follow-up assessment (p < 0.0125; 0.2 < d < 0.5), while no changes were found in the control group. Conclusion: One session of DN targeting latent MTrPs did not change muscle stiffness, muscle extensibility or motoneuron excitability. Further research on subjects with muscle tone disorders should be considered to better address the impact of DN on muscle tone. Trial registration number: NCT02575586 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

scholarly journals Functional endoscopy in neurogenic dysphagia: a feasibility study focusing on the esophageal phase of swallowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. E646-E652
Author(s):  
Jan Rückert ◽  
Philipp Lenz ◽  
Hauke Heinzow ◽  
Johannes Wessling ◽  
Tobias Warnecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Interdisciplinary Cooperation ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Neurogenic Dysphagia ◽  
High Resolution Manometry ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study

Abstract Background and study aims Due to demographic transition, neurogenic dysphagia has become an increasingly recognized problem. Patients suffering from dysphagia often get caught between different clinical disciplines. In this study, we implemented a defined examination protocol for evaluating the whole swallowing process by functional endoscopy. Special focus was put on the esophageal phase of swallowing. Patients and methods This prospective observational multidisciplinary study evaluated 31 consecutive patients with suspected neurogenic dysphagia by transnasal access applying an ultrathin video endoscope. Thirty-one patients with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were used as a control group. We applied a modified approach including standardized endoscopic positions to compare our findings with fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and high-resolution manometry. The primary outcome measure was feasibility of functional endoscopy. Secondary outcome measures were adverse events (AEs), tolerability, and pathologic endoscopic findings. Results Functional endoscopy was successfully performed in all patients. No AEs were recorded. A variety of disorders were documented by functional endoscopy: incomplete or delayed closure of the upper esophageal sphincter in retroflex view, clearance disturbance of tubular esophagus, esophageal hyperperistalsis, and hypomotility. Analysis of results obtained with the diagnostic tools showed some discrepancies. Conclusions By interdisciplinary cooperation with additional assessment of the esophageal phase of deglutition using the innovative method of functional endoscopy, the diagnosis of neurogenic disorders including dysphagia may be significantly improved, leading to a better clinical understanding of complex dysfunctional patterns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that a retroflex view of the ultrathin video endoscope within the esophagus can be safely performed. [NCT01995929]

Effects of prenatal exposure to single-wall carbon nanotubes on reproductive performance and neurodevelopment in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1293-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Ivani ◽  
Isaac Karimi ◽  
Seyed Reza Fatemi Tabatabaei ◽  
Leila Syedmoradi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Righting Reflex ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes with extraordinary properties may become a novel drug and gene delivery tool in nanomedicine; however, insufficient information is available regarding their biosafety. Therefore, this work was performed to study the effect of prenatal exposure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on reproductive and neurobehavioral endpoints in mice. Thirty pregnant female mice were assigned to three groups ( n = 10 for each group). The two treated groups were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 1 or 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of SWCNTs suspended in 1 ml of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) on gestational days 0 and 3. The control group was injected i.p. with an equal volume of PBS. The neurobehavioral ontogeny of pups was evaluated using a modified Fox battery. A decrease in litter size on postnatal day 2 was observed in the group treated with 10 mg/kg b.w. of SWCNTs whereas no significant differences between groups were observed in any other parameters. The behavioral development of pups did not show significant differences during growth except for the surface righting reflex, which showed significant delay compared to control in the group treated with 1 mg/kg b.w. SWCNTs. Moreover, exposed offspring (10 mg/kg b.w. SWCNTs) displayed enhanced anxiety in the elevated plus maze; however, other ethological analysis (Morris water maze and open field test) did not show behavioral changes in the experimental groups. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated small changes in offspring sensory and motor development following exposure to SWCNTs and support the idea that SWCNT risk assessment merits further investigation.

Dilemma of the Untreated Control Group in Applied Research: A Proposed Solution

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Di Tomasso ◽  
Paul A. McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Gain Scores ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Effective Remedy ◽  
Internal And External Validity

Among the various impediments to controlled research in applied settings are the difficulties attendant upon the withholding or withdrawal of treatment that might prove beneficial to subjects and the inability of researchers to present simultaneously treatment conditions to all subjects. The multiple pretest-posttest control group design is introduced as an efficient and effective remedy to the problems with special focus upon controls for internal and external validity threats. Several variations of this basic strategy, including the alternating model, the staggered model, and the multiple pretest-posttest replications design, are illustrated and discussed. Finally, the arrangement of factors for statistical analysis is presented for both the case of analysis of covariance with posttest scores and analysis of variance using corrected gain scores.

Early Physical Therapy Effects on the High-Risk Infant: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
Martha C. Piper ◽  
V. Ildiko Kunos ◽  
Diana M. Willis ◽  
Barbara L. Mazer ◽  
Maria Ramsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Early Physical Therapy ◽  
The Impact

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted to assess the effects of early physical therapy on infants at risk for neurologic sequelae and to evaluate the impact of such early treatment on the prevention or minimization of future handicaps. A cohort of 134 infants who had received care in two Montreal inborn neonatal intensive care units was identified prospectively. Infants were stratified according to prognosis and birth weight and were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Babies assigned to the experimental group received early physical therapy, whereas those allocated to the control group received conventional follow-up care. Outcome measures were administered by independent evaluators at 12 months and included measures of neurologic status, motor and overall development, and physical growth. No statistically significant differences on any of the measured outcomes at 12 months were found between the experimental and control groups. Infants weighing less than 750 g at birth, regardless of group assignment, consistently demonstrated significant delays in their growth and development when compared with their heavier peers. The early physical therapy program investigated in this study was not efficacious in altering the pattern of motor development in those high-risk infants participating in the trial.

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