Information Disclosure in Contests with Endogenous Entry: An Experiment

We use a laboratory experiment to study the effects of disclosing the number of active participants in contests with endogenous entry. At the first stage, potential participants decide whether to enter competition, and at the second stage, entrants choose their investments. In a 2[Formula: see text]2 design, we manipulate the size of the outside option, [Formula: see text], and whether the number of entrants is disclosed between the stages. Theory predicts more entry for lower [Formula: see text] and the levels of entry and aggregate investment to be independent of disclosure in all cases. We find empirical entry frequencies decreasing with [Formula: see text]. For aggregate investment, we find no effect of disclosure when [Formula: see text] is low but a strong positive effect of disclosure when [Formula: see text] is high. The difference is driven by substantial overinvestment in contests with a small, publicly known number of players contrasted by more restrained investment in contests in which the number of players is uncertain and may be small. The behavior under disclosure is explained by a combination of joy of winning and entry regret. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.

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P-Removal in Completely Mixed Systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1985.0254 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (11-12) ◽

pp. 325-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H J. G. W. Donker ◽

P. Opic ◽

H. P. de Vries

Keyword(s):

Mixed System ◽

Domestic Waste ◽

Recirculation Flow ◽

Start Up ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aerobic Reactor ◽

The Difference ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Mixed Systems ◽

P Removal

Ca. 60 % of the Dutch activated sludge plants consist of completely mixed systems, experiments have been carried out in completely mixed pilot plants to study the biological P-removal. The research was carried out in two pilot plants. The pilot plants consisted of: anaerobic reactor, anoxic reactor, aerobic reactor and a clarifier. All the reactors were completely mixed. Both plants were fed with settled domestic waste water at a sludge loading of 400 and 250 g COD/kg sludge.day respectively. The results are given below:sludge loading (g COD/kg sludge.day)400400250ratio Anaerobic : Anoxic : Aerobic1: 1:2,71:1:4,11:1:2,7P-removal (%)802875N-removal (%)505065COD-removal (%)858585 It has been shown that there is no significant difference between the results at the two different sludge loadings. Remarkable is the difference between the ratio 1:1:2,7 in combination with the internal recirculation flow anoxic-anaerobic of 160 % and the ratio 1:1:4,1 with a recirculation flow of 30 %. During the start-up at a sludge loading of 250 g COD/kg sludge.day and an internal recirculation flow of 30 %, bulking sludge developed almost immediately. The Premoval was completely disturbed. Increasing the internal recirculation flow to 160% had a positive effect on settling properties and P-removal. This investigation has pointed out that a completely mixed system is suitable for biological P-removal, without negatively affecting the nitrification. Important factors in the process are the ratio anaerobic:anoxic:aerobic and the recirculation flows.

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LA INSERCIÓN COMERCIAL DE CHINA EN LATINOAMÉRICA

Investigación Económica ◽

10.22201/fe.01851667p.2019.310.71549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (310) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Jorge Alberto López Arévalo ◽

Óscar Rodil Marzábal

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Free Trade ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Bilateral Trade ◽

Free Trade Agreements ◽

Trade Agreements ◽

Trade Integration ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Difference ◽

Positive Effect

Este trabajo estudia los intercambios bilaterales de China con México, Chile, Costa Rica y Perú desde la óptica del comercio intraindustrial durante 1995-2017. En particular, se analizan las diferencias en el patrón de inserción intraindustrial en un contexto marcado por la existencia (Chile, Costa Rica y Perú) o no (México) de acuerdos de libre comercio con China. El estudio se completa con un análisis econométrico (efectos fijos) de los determinantes del comercio intraindustrial. Los resultados muestran una inserción de bajo perfil intraindustrial, con la excepción de algunas partidas específicas relativas a productos eléctricos y de la industria automotriz. Por otro lado, se confirma el efecto positivo del tamaño de la economía, de la inversión extranjera directa y de la diferenciación de producto, así como negativo de la diferencia en el nivel de ingreso; mientras que existe una indefinición en el papel de los acuerdos de libre comercio con China. THE TRADE INTEGRATION OF CHINA IN LATIN AMERICA ABSTRACT This paper studies China’s bilateral trade with Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica and Peru from the perspective of intra-industrial trade during 1995-2017. In particular, the differences in the pattern of intra-industrial insertion are analyzed in a context characterized by the existence (Chile, Costa Rica and Peru) or not (Mexico) of free trade agreements with China. An econometric analysis (fixed effects) of the determinants of intra-industrial trade completes the study. The results show a low intra-industrial profile, except for some specific items related to electrical products and the automotive industry. The positive effect of the size of the economy, foreign direct investment and product differentiation is also confirmed, as well as the negative effect of the difference in income level. However, there is an undefined role for free trade agreements with China.

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THE PROBLEMS EXPERIMENT MODELING UNDER IMPACT OF TORN VANE WITH TURBOJET FAN CASE

10.15593/2224-9982/2020.61.01 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 5-11

Author(s):

Vladimir Kurteyev ◽

◽

Boris Mozerov ◽

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Laboratory Experiment ◽

Plane Model ◽

Cylindrical Model ◽

Calculation Results ◽

The Difference

There is studied the problems experiment modeling under impact of torn vane with turbojet fan case. There are outlined shortcomings of equipment for plane and cylindrical model cases testing. There is indicated the difference between calculation results and experimental data for metals plane models. There are indicated diagram laboratory experiment installation on basic pressurized balloons for testing metals plane models. There are calculated parameters of metals plane model with the point of views criterion modeling.

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Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Pada Market Value Added (MVA) Perusahaan Manufaktur Dan Pertambangan

Jurnal Manajemen Teori dan Terapan | Journal of Theory and Applied Management ◽

10.20473/jmtt.v6i2.2664 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rezi Setin Novian ◽

Santi Novita

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Information Disclosure ◽

Value Added ◽

Market Value ◽

Social Aspects ◽

Market Value Added ◽

Csr Disclosure ◽

Corporate Social ◽

Positive Effect

Along with the increase of information disclosure needs by stakeholder, the companies are not only demanded to be responsible for merely economic aspect but also environmental and social aspects. The objective of this research to provide the evidence of the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure to the companies performance using Market Value Added (MVA). The research is using manufacturing and mining companies that listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) from the year 2007 to 2011 as samples. The hypothesis was tested using t test and the result of this study is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has positive effect on Market Value Added (MVA).

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Multimedia-Aided Instruction in Teaching Grade Four Science and Health: Its Effect on Pupils’ Performance and Attitude Towards Multimedia Use in the Classroom

JPAIR Institutional Research ◽

10.7719/irj.v2i1.257 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Virlen O. Galope

Keyword(s):

Professional Growth ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Pedagogical Issues ◽

Gain Scores ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Integration Effect ◽

The Difference ◽

Teaching Learning ◽

Positive Effect

This study is focused on the effects of multimedia aided instructions in Grade 4 Science and health pupils’ performance and attitude towards multimedia. Specifically this study sought to explore the multimedia aided instruction on the learning environment of the grade four pupils’ performance in science and health. Two intact classes in grade 4 were exposed to multimedia aided instructions. The difference in gain scores produced by integrating multimedia in Science and Health 4 classes and those produced by conventional method of teaching was investigated in this quasi experimental research. Results indicated that using the multimedia in the classes produced significant improvement in the performance of the pupils in Science and Health, but not in the other, which is congruent with most other results for this strategy of teaching found in the literature. Follow-up survey of attitudes of 86 pupils towards the use of multimedia in the classroom provided additional evidence for its positive effect in the teaching learning process. The pupils’ attitudes towards their class were positive about the potential for multimedia and enthusiastic about what this would mean in learning Science and Health. Utilizing multimedia seemed to affect the teachers’ personal and professional growth. Teachers expect to develop their technological skills and knowledge to use multimedia in their classrooms. Pedagogical issues challenge the teachers’ approaches in the teaching and learning. Keywords - Multimedia Integration, Effect on Pupils Performance, Attitude of Pupils towards Multimedia in the Classroom, quasi-experimental design, Philippines

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Behavior and Energy Losses of Cows during the Period of Low Temperatures

Scientific Horizons ◽

10.48077/scihor.24(5).2021.46-53 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 46-53

Author(s):

Oleksandr O. Borshch ◽

Oleksandr V. Borshch ◽

Yurii Mashkin ◽

Vasyl Malina ◽

Maxim Fedorchenko

Keyword(s):

Low Temperatures ◽

Heat Insulation ◽

Energy Losses ◽

Strong Wind ◽

The Past ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

The Difference ◽

And Behavior ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Moderate Climate

Over the past 20 years, dairy farms in Ukraine have been actively introducing the keeping of cows in easy-to-assemble premises. However, in a moderate climate (with four distinct year seasons), the issues of microclimate, energy losses of animals and their behavior during the cold period of the year for keeping in such premises have not been fully studied. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of the heat insulation elements use of side curtains in easy-to-assemble premises during the period of low temperatures on microclimate, energy outgoings for thermoregulation and behavior of cows. The research conducted in the central part of Ukraine (Kyiv region). The research was conducted during January-February (29-43 days of the year) 2021. This period characterized by low average daily temperatures of -12.2– -18.7°С, strong wind gusts and daily precipitation in the form of snow. Two easy-toassemble premises for 400 heads were used for research. Parameters of placements (LxWxH): 150х32х10.5 m. The first one was without the use of curtains heat insulation elements, and the second one was with these elements of heat insulation. It was found that the use of polycarbonate wall heat insulation elements had a positive effect on the microclimate in the placement during the period of low temperatures. Indicators of average daily air temperatures in the placement were 3.2 and 8.8°C higher compared to the temperature in the same premise without the use of heat insulation elements and the environment. The wind speed also differed by 0.18 and 11.04 m/s, respectively. In addition, the heat insulation of the walls affected the temperature under the lying cow (+1.8°C), energy outgoings for thermoregulation (-1.93 MJ) and the number of cows that lay in the period of the lowest temperatures (+3.23-9.83%) compared to the placement without heat insulation elements. The difference in temperature of rubber carpet in the compared premises was significant: +3.3°C in the premises with heat insulation elements compared to the premises without heat insulation

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The Effectiveness of Input on Voiced and Unvoiced Consonant Sounds in a Native Arabic Speaking Context: An Action Research Project

English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies ◽

10.22158/eltls.v2n3p1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. p1

Author(s):

Gareth Morgan

Keyword(s):

Action Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Action Research Project ◽

Research Project ◽

English Speaking ◽

The Difference ◽

Arabic Speaking ◽

Consonant Sounds ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Experimental Group

The paper describes the process and outcomes of an action research project with the aim of determining whether focusing classroom input on voiced and unvoiced consonant sounds has a positive effect on their production. Statistics were derived from English-speaking respondents listening to native Arabic speaking participants from an experimental group, who had received input on the difference between these sounds, and practiced their production, as well as to speakers from a control group who had received neither input nor practice. The rates of intelligibility were compared, with the conclusion being that the provision of limited input on this pronunciation issue does not, generally speaking, result in the ability to produce the sounds with greater clarity.

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The physiological reaction in the local breed and introduced silkworm breeds on the difference in conditions of detention of the wintering eggs

Agrarian Bulletin of the ◽

10.32417/1997-4868-2021-210-07-35-46 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 210 (07) ◽

pp. 35-46

Author(s):

Gyul'nar Bagirova ◽

Hokuma Kulieva

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Introduced Species ◽

Strong Response ◽

Local Breed ◽

Physiological Reaction ◽

Content Selection ◽

Local Species ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract. The purpose of this study is the ascertainment of to the physiological responses to exogenous exposure to aqueous solutions of the drug “Violet-K” (C24H28N3Cl) in the phase of wintering eggs of the local and introduced silkworm species. Methods. The research was carried out according to the methodology developed by us for the content, selection and processing of material [9], [10]. Statistical analysis was performed according to G. F. Lakin [11]. Results. It was found that in the absence of sharp fluctuations of the temperature and air humidity, the effect of exposure to water and 0.01% and 0.001 % aqueous solutions of the “Violet-K” preparation on hibernating eggs causes a response of caterpillars at younger ages during molting, by the fifth age this effect diminishes. A strong response to the impact in terms of weight of caterpillars was revealed for the introduced silkworm species: against the background of minor fluctuations in the “Oragase” variant for caterpillars “Sverico-sari” the difference with the control by age is 16,4 % (III), 143,3 % (IV) and 27,3 % (V). The introduced species “Oragase” often differs from the “Sverico-sari” and the local breed “Veten” by the presence of negative responses: the weight of caterpillars after exposure compared to the control corresponds to + 43.7 % (III), + 65.0 % (IV), –36.2 % (V). It was found that the content of wintering grains in water and aqueous solutions of the “Violet-K” preparation leads to the weight increase of the silk shell: by 54.4–80.5 % (p < 0.05 and 0.001) in the local species, as well as by 11.4–16.1 % (0.001 %) and 2.7 % (0.01 % solution “Violet K”) p < 0.05 and 0.001. The species “Oragase” differs in this effect compared with the control, particularly, in the comparison with control, the impact promotes to a significant decrease in the weight of the silk shell by 33 % (–78.5 mg) and 22.5 % (–49.0 mg), p < 0.001. The impact is reflected in the date of departure of butterflies and the number of laid eggs, and only in introduced species: the positive effect compared to the control, on average on 1 female was 3.6–4.8 times higher (“Sverico-sari”) and 1.1 times (“Oragase”).

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Using Sensor Graphs for Monitoring the Effect on the Performance of the OTAGO Exercise Program in Older Adults

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s22020493 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 493

Author(s):

Björn Friedrich ◽

Carolin Lübbe ◽

Enno-Edzard Steen ◽

Jürgen Martin Bauer ◽

Andreas Hein

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Exercise Programme ◽

Control Group ◽

Motion Sensors ◽

Surrogate Variable ◽

Physical Sensor ◽

The Difference ◽

Positive Effect

The OTAGO exercise programme is effective in decreasing the risk for falls of older adults. This research investigated if there is an indication that the OTAGO exercise programme has a positive effect on the capacity and as well as on the performance in mobility. We used the data of the 10-months observational OTAGO pilot study with 15 (m = 1, f = 14) (pre-)frail participants aged 84.60 y (SD: 5.57 y). Motion sensors were installed in the flats of the participants and used to monitor their activity as a surrogate variable for performance. We derived a weighted directed multigraph from the physical sensor network, subtracted the weights of one day from a baseline, and used the difference in percent to quantify the change in performance. Least squares was used to compute the overall progress of the intervention (n = 9) and the control group (n = 6). In accordance with previous studies, we found indication for a positive effect of the OTAGO program on the capacity in both groups. Moreover, we found indication that the OTAGO program reduces the decline in performance of older adults in daily living. However, it is too early to conclude causalities from our findings because the data was collected during a pilot study.

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PENGARUH PEMERIKSAAN PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK BADAN DI INDONESIA

Jurnal Pajak dan Keuangan Negara (PKN) ◽

10.31092/jpkn.v1i1.607 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Arif Nugrahanto ◽

Soupani Andri Nasution

Keyword(s):

Interaction Coefficient ◽

P Value ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

Audit Risk ◽

Dummy Variable ◽

Directorate General ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Independent Variable ◽

The Difference ◽

Positive Effect

Several studies related to the effect of audits on taxpayer compliance provide different conclusions. Bergman and Nevarez (2006) find the fact that tax audits negatively affect compliance. In contrast, Gemmel and Ratto (2012) concluded that the audit had a negative effect on the group of taxpayers who obeyed, and at the same time had a positive effect on the group of taxpayers who did not comply. Given the different conclusions, the researcher is interested in testing in the Indonesian context by using the SIDJP data from the Directorate General of Tax for the period 2009-2013.The difference-in-differences approach model implemented in this study adopts Norman Gemmell and Marissa Ratto (2012). The dependent variable is income tax while the independent variable is the dummy variable for group, time and type of audits. Regression results show that the interaction coefficient between the dummy group variable and the time dummy variable which is the difference-in-differences coefficient, has a p-value that is statistically insignificant to reject null hypothesis. It tells that there is no difference in the level of compliance between the audited (corporate) taxpayer and non-audited (corporate) taxpayers. No impact on the level of compliance of taxpayers may come from several reasons, including the small coverage of the tax audits, the existence of the bomb crater effect, and the results of the type of updating audit risk.

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