Development of Chia (Salvia hispanica, L.) and Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, L.) Seed Flour Substituted Cookies- Physicochemical, Nutritional and Storage Studies

Cookie is a popular food medium for nutrient fortification. They are easy to prepare and carry, ready to eat products consumed by people of all age groups. Chia and quinoa seeds have attained recent scientific attention amongst consumers due to their potential health promoting effects. In this study, chia and quinoa seed flours were used to substitute refined wheat flour in cookie doughs at 5%, 10% and 15% substitution levels. Six composite cookies, coded as C-5%, C-10%, C-15%, Q-5%, Q-10% and Q-15% were prepared. Significant differences in physical, physicochemical and nutritional properties were observed. Diameter and spread ratio decreased due to increased fiber and protein content causing flour granulation. This also increased cookie hardness. Rise in the level of omega-3 fatty acid was evident from gas chromatography analyses. The developed cookies were rich in phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidants. Sensory analysis data indicated overall acceptability of all the substituted cookie samples to be above the level of 6 in a 9-point hedonic scale. Based on the identified sensory and nutritional attributes, C-10% and Q-15% were considered to be the best substituted samples. Both the cookies could be stored in sealed polypropylene pouches at room temperature for 60 days without any significant alteration in texture. Rancidity development was inhibited by chia and quinoa antioxidants. No microbial load was recorded in aqueous extracts of freshly prepared and after storage. Analysis of significant difference between all the results was carried out by Duncan’s multiple range tests at a significance level of 0.05. The present study indicated that chia and quinoa substituted cookies can be used as a protein, FFA and antioxidant enriched commercial product with better than average sensory properties.

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Relationship between malocclusion and deleterious oral habits in preschool children in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs0803154c ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 154-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leite Cavalcanti ◽

Medeiros Bezerra ◽

Cristiano Moura ◽

Medeiros Bezerra ◽

Flávia Granville-Gracia

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Positive Association ◽

Open Bite ◽

Anterior Open Bite ◽

Significance Level ◽

Oral Habits ◽

Posterior Crossbite ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusions in preschool children in the city of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, and verify the existence of associations between malocclusions and deleterious oral habits, gender and age. Methods: 342 children (3-5-year-old; 196 boys and 146 girls) with complete primary dentition and no previous orthodontic treatment were randomly selected from children regularly attending municipal day care centers. The occurrence of the following malocclusions was evaluated: accentuated overjet and overbite, anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. A calibrated experienced examiner (Kappa = 0.86) performed all clinical examinations under natural lightening after drying the teeth and soft tissue with gauze. Yates' chi-square and Fisher's exact tests verified the association between the variables and odds ratio. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: Malocclusions and deleterious oral habits were observed in 74% and 73.4% of the children, respectively. The prevalence of malocclusion was 68.9% in boys and 80.9% in girls. Accentuated overjet (45%) and anterior open bite (42.4%) were the most prevalent malocclusions. There was statistically significant difference (P = .008) between genders. However, no statistically significant differences (P = .47) were found among the age groups. Accentuated overjet, anterior open bite and posterior crossbite showed a positive association with the presence of deleterious oral habits. Conclusions: The high prevalence of malocclusions and deleterious oral habits observed in this pediatric population is supportive to the fact that oral health professionals that treat patients in these age groups should be aware of the importance of an early and accurate diagnosis in order to avoid the aggravation of occlusal alterations in the future.

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Using a screening tool to identify the auditory behavior of students who are learning to read and write

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/1982-0216/202123413020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Giulia Ádni Viana Santos ◽

Maria Luiza Lopes Timóteo de Lima ◽

Manoelina Xavier Cavalcante ◽

Leonardo Gleygson Angelo Venâncio ◽

Cleide Fernandes Teixeira

Keyword(s):

School Performance ◽

Auditory Processing ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Learning To Read ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Auditory Behavior

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the use of a screening tool, by teachers, to identify the auditory behavior of students who are learning to read and write. Methods: a cross-sectional study including 22 students who answered the Fisher’s Auditory Problems Checklist (QFISHER). The analysis of this questionnaire approached the categories of hearing, attention, memory, language, and school performance. The chi-square statistical test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the scores between the age groups, considering the 5% significance level. Results: school performance had the worst frequency in QFISHER (87.72%), followed by attention (62.10%), language (60.53%), and hearing (59.65%). The median revealed worse assessment in school performance (100.0%) followed by attention (60.0%). The QFISHER overall score was 66.7%. The comparison between age groups did not reveal any significant difference for the domains assessed. Conclusion: the QFISHER, used by teachers, as a screening tool for children who are learning to read and write, can identify behavioral changes suggestive of auditory processing disorder, broadening the possibility of early interventions.

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Evaluación de parámetros físico-químicos y organolépticos de una leche fermentada enriquecida con quinua (Chenopodium quinoa)

La Técnica: Revista de las Agrociencias. ISSN 2477-8982 ◽

10.33936/la_tecnica.v0i22.1716 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Jandry Antonio Bravo Mera ◽

Gema Carolina Vera Verduga ◽

Virginia Vanessa Andrade Andrade ◽

Wagner Antonio Gorozabel Muñoz ◽

Jordán Javier García Mendoza

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Fermented Milk ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Significance Level ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Quinoa Flour ◽

Organoleptic Parameters

Evaluation of physico-chemical and organoleptic parameters of a fermented milk enriched with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Resumen La harina de quinua presenta diversos aportes nutricionales requeridos en la alimentación, lo cual hace de este producto una alternativa viable para ser involucrado en diferentes procesos de interés agroindustrial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los parámetros físico-químicos y organolépticos de una leche fermentada (yogurt) enriquecida con harina de quinua. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con un nivel de significancia de p<0,05 utilizando la prueba de Duncan. El factor en estudio fue la adición de harina de quinua en niveles del 1%(T1), 3%(T2) y 5%(T3) más un tratamiento testigo T0 (0% quinua). Las variables evaluadas fueron (proteína, grasa, pH y acidez) además mediante un panel sensorial se analizaron los atributos sensoriales (sabor, olor, color, textura y apariencia general). Los resultados indicaron que el T2 con 3% harina de quinua fue el de mayor aceptación, los cuales presentaron valores de proteína de 5,1%; grasa 3,2%, pH 4,89 y la acidez fue no significativo entre los tratamiento teniendo un C.V. de 3,88. El análisis sensorial presentó diferencia significativa al 5% en todos los tratamientos. Se logró determinar que la harina de quinua influyó sobre las características físico-químicas ya que todas las formulaciones estuvieron dentro de los límites permisibles por la INEN 2395:2011. Palabras clave: Leche fermentada; quinua; análisis organoléptico; proteína; grasa. Abstract Quinoa flour has various nutritional contributions required in food, which makes this product a viable alternative to be involved in different processes of agroindustrial interest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and organoleptic parameters of fermented milk (yogurt) enriched with quinoa flour. A completely randomized experimental design with a significance level of p <0.05 was used using the Duncan test. The factor under study was the addition of quinoa flour at levels of 1% (T1), 3% (T2) and 5% (T3) plus a T0 control treatment (0% quinoa). The variables evaluated were (protein, fat, pH and acidity), in addition, a sensory panel analyzed the sensory attributes (taste, smell, color, texture and general appearance). The results indicated that T2 with 3% quinoa flour was the most widely accepted, which presented protein values of 5.1%; 3.2% fat, pH 4.89 and acidity was not significant among the treatments having a C.V. of 3.88. The sensory analysis showed a significant difference at 5% in all treatments. It was possible to determine that quinoa flour influenced the physicochemical characteristics since all the formulations were within the limits allowed by INEN 2395: 2011. Keywords: Fermented milk; quinoa organoleptic analysis; protein; grease.

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Effect of pre-anesthetic fasting on gastric emptying and plasma glucose in healthy dogs of different age groups

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 289-292

Author(s):

Danielle R. Lecheta ◽

Dheywid K.M. Silva ◽

Guilherme A. Santos ◽

Marcelo S. Cunha ◽

Tamiris T. Gaspar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Age Groups ◽

Solid Food ◽

Age Group ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Dry Diet

ABSTRACT: Gastric emptying and plasma glucose were evaluated in young and adult dogs, fed with dry and wet food, submitted to different periods of pre-anesthetic fasting (6, 8, and 12 hours). Forty healthy dogs were selected, which were segmented into four groups according to the age group and type of diet. It was evaluated the gastric emptying by ultrasound and serum glycemia. Only 17.5% presented complete gastric emptying, and no significant differences were found between the 6 and 8-hour fasting evaluations, or between the age groups and the diets, considering significance level p<0.05. Mean plasma glucose values from the groups indicated normal glycemia at all times of evaluation. A significant difference was found between the means of glycemia in young and adult dogs, with the 8-hour fasting with wet diet (p=0.03) and with 12 hours with dry diet (p=0.04). Healthy young and adult dogs, in physiological equilibrium, maintain average values of plasma glucose despite prolonged periods of pre-anesthetic fasting, which may be necessary, since 8-hour fasting for solid food is not enough to provide complete gastric emptying.

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The Development and Consumer Acceptance of Functional Fruit-Herbal Beverages

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9121819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1819

Author(s):

Sylwia Skąpska ◽

Krystian Marszałek ◽

Łukasz Woźniak ◽

Justyna Szczepańska ◽

Joanna Danielczuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Sea Buckthorn ◽

Consumer Acceptance ◽

Steviol Glycosides ◽

Potential Health ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Overall Acceptability ◽

Sensory Acceptance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Functional Beverages

The development of functional beverages often requires a compromise between the palatability and high content of bio-active compounds. The purpose of this study was to elaborate on the fruit-herbal beverages with defined pro-health functions and evaluate their consumer acceptance. The beverages contained 80% of juices obtained from the fruits of aronia, rugosa rose, acerola, sea buckthorn, and cranberry. Each beverage was supplemented with different plant extracts which enhanced the designed functions of the beverage. The beverages were sweetened with sugar or with steviol glycosides, and were preserved by thermal pasteurization. The main groups of bio-active compounds and antioxidant capacity using ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC methods were analysed before and after pasteurization. The sensory acceptance was tested by 60 adult consumers who assessed the desirability of taste, odour, colour, and overall quality. Each beverage contained substantial amounts of polyphenols, including anthocyanins; rosehip-acerola and sea buckthorn beverages were also sources of vitamin C and carotenoids. All these components were stable under thermal treatment. Rosehip-acerola beverages had the highest antioxidant capacity, which was measured using all three methods exhibited. The highest level of consumer acceptance and willingness to purchase went to aronia beverages, while the sea buckthorn gained the lowest. There was no significant difference between the acceptance of beverages sweetened with sugar and stevia. Women and the 25- to 34-year-old consumer group rated the overall acceptability of the beverages slightly higher, although this was not reflected in their inclination to buy them. Attitude toward proper body mass and health had no influence on overall acceptance and willingness to complete the purchases. The main motivation for purchasing the functional beverages was their sensory acceptance, even if the consumers were informed of their potential health benefits.

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Inflammatory Markers in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Petrol and Petroleum Products

International Blood Research & Reviews ◽

10.9734/ibrr/2021/v12i430159 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 44-52

Author(s):

Anya Ojiugo Hannah ◽

Nwachuku Edna Ogechi ◽

A. Waribo Hellen ◽

Bartimaeus Ebirien-Agana Samuel

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Analysis Data ◽

University Teaching ◽

State University ◽

Inflammation Markers ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Abia State and Laboratory Department, JAROS Inspection Services Limited, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, between April 2018 and June 2018. Methodology: A total of 204 samples comprising of 123 auto-mechanics and 81 non -auto-mechanics were assayed. Detailed information of the bio-data of the subjects including age, gender, medical history, health information and lifestyle were obtained from each participant. Blood samples were collected from for the analysis of inflammation markers, IL-6, TNF-α and CRP were determined using standard methods and techniques. The effect of age and duration of exposure on the inflammation parameters were considered. Statistical Analysis System (SAS), STAT 15.1, developed by SAS Institute, North Carolina State University, USA was used for statistical analysis. Data were presented as Mean ± SEM, comparison of means of groups that are more than two was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey test of multiple comparison was used to test for variance within and across groups. Results: There was significant increase in the means of IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in the exposed subjects (p <0.05) compared with the control subjects There was no significant difference (p >0.05) in the means of IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) between the age groups of the exposed and the control subjects. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the groups, based on duration of exposure. This suggests that the toxic effect does not depend on the age or duration of exposure but on other factors for the automechanics in Aba. Conclusion: This study shows that the exposure of automechanics may significantly increase the serum IL-6 TNF-α and Hs-CRP levels. Increase in the serum levels of the inflammation markers is predictive of the danger of future pathology in automechanics compared with non automechanics in Aba metropolis. Age and duration did not influence significant variation in the automechanics.

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The Attitudes of Jordanian Kindergarten Female Teachers Towards Children's Libraries

Modern Applied Science ◽

10.5539/mas.v13n7p129 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

Luma Abdul-Razzaq

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Years Of Experience ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Significance Level ◽

Academic Qualification ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Qualified Teacher ◽

Teacher Librarians

The study aimed at identifying the attitudes of Jordanian female kindergarten teachers towards children's libraries. It also aimed at identifying whether there is any statistically significant difference – at the statistical significance level of (a ≤ 0.05) - between respondents’ attitudes which can be attributed to their years of experience or academic qualifications. The sample consisted of (161) out of 167 (96.4%), female kindergarten teachers in the public schools located in Karak Governorate, Jordan. A questionnaire was used for collecting data. Several statistical methods were used. It was found that Jordanian female kindergarten teachers in Karak Governorate have moderate attitudes towards children's libraries. It was also found that there is a statistically significant difference - at the statistical significance level of (a ≤ 0.05) between the respondents’ attitudes towards children's libraries which can be attributed to their years of experience and academic qualification. The study recommended that more attention should be paid to achieve the goals of the Child's Library. She also recommended the need to improve the reality of the libraries, and continue to provide them with the latest sources of information allocated to children by different age groups of childhood, and secure qualified teacher/ librarians.

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Prevalence and Severity of Temporomandibular Disorders among Undergraduate Medical Students in Association with Khat Chewing

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1982 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Khurshid A Mattoo ◽

Abdulmajeed S Okshah ◽

Ahid A Al-Shahrani ◽

Abdulkhaliq Ali F Alshadidi ◽

Fawzia I Shaabi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Age Groups ◽

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽

Dental Occlusion ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Significance Level ◽

Khat Chewing ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) among undergraduate medical students in the presence of khat chewing over a period of time. Materials and methods Totally, 186 medical college students (age ≤ 20 years) were randomly selected for the present study. The study subjects were divided into two groups according to age, under 20 and above 20 years. The study was based on Fonseca's anamnestic index and its questionnaire, which is composed of 10 questions and classifies the severity of TMDs. The obtained data were coded and entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program for analysis using chi-square test at significance level of 5%. Results Most of the participants were male (68.8%) students and older than 20 years (63%). Those who reported with khat chewing comprised 31.7%. From the total samples, only 38.0% was classified as having mild TMD and 0.50% were classified as having severe TMD. Poor dental articulation, grinding of teeth, headaches, tense personalities, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clicking were the most common clinical findings. The mean scores showed no significant difference among gender (p ≤ 0.29) and the khat chewing (p ≤ 0.531) groups for the 10 questions. However, it showed significant difference among age groups (p ≤ 0.025). Conclusion The majority of subjects complained of mild TMD, while only a few cases showed a moderate TMD among different age groups. The most frequently reported dysfunctions were related to poor dental articulation and grinding of the teeth, frequent headaches, the clicking of joint, and tense personalities. No significant difference was found between gender and khat and nonkhat chewing groups. Clinical significance Khat chewing is a parafunctional habit and affects dental occlusion (especially cuspal wear) in terms of anterior guidance. Such alterations in occlusion are known to be one of the causative (predisposing) factors of TMD. How to cite this article Al Moaleem MM, Okshah AS, Al-Shahrani AA, Alshadidi AAF, Shaabi FI, Mobark AH, Mattoo KA. Prevalence and Severity of Temporomandibular Disorders among Undergraduate Medical Students in Association with Khat Chewing. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(1):23-28.

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KARAKTERISTIK COOKIES DARI TEPUNG TERIGU DAN TEPUNG BIJI NANGKA DIMODIFIKASI SECARA ENZIMATIS

Journal of Agritechnology and Food Processing ◽

10.31764/jafp.v1i1.5960 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Siska Cicilia ◽

Eko Basuki ◽

Ahmad Alamsyah ◽

I Wayan Sweca Yasa ◽

Lingga Gita Dwikasari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Fat Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Significance Level ◽

Seed Flour ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Organoleptic Parameters

This study aims to determine the characteristics of cookies made from wheat with the addition of enzymatically modified jackfruit seed flour. This study used an experimental method with a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 levels of the ratio of the use of wheat flour: modified jackfruit seed flour, namely P1=100% : 0%, P2=85% : 15% , P3=70% : 30% , P4=55% : 45% , P5=40% : 60% and P6=25% : 75% with 3 repetitions. Parameters observed included chemical parameters, namely moisture, ash, protein, fat content and organoleptic (color, taste, and texture). The observed data were analyzed for variance (Analysis of Variance) with a significance level of 5%. If there is a significant difference, the Polynomial Orthogonal (MOP) further test for chemical parameters and Duncan's test for organoleptic is carried out. The results showed that the addition of modified jackfruit seed flour with different concentrations gave significantly different effects on all chemical and organoleptic parameters. The higher the addition of modified jackfruit seed flour causes an increase in water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, darker color, denser texture and bitter taste. Treatment with a ratio of 55% flour: 45% modified jackfruit seed flour was the best treatment with 6.94% moisture content; 1.13% ash content; 7.95% protein content and 17.63% fat content.

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SUICIDES IN LITHUANIA: RATES, METHODS AND DISTRIBUTION BY AGE, GENDER AND SETTLEMENT, 2012-2016

CBU International Conference Proceedings ◽

10.12955/cbup.v7.1464 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 839-845

Author(s):

Diana Vasiljevaitė ◽

Jurgita Stasiūnienė ◽

Sigitas Laima ◽

Sigitas Chmieliauskas ◽

Dmitrij Fomin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

World Health Organisation ◽

World Health ◽

Significance Level ◽

Suicide Methods ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Squared ◽

The Given ◽

Methods Of Suicide ◽

Commit Suicide

INTRODUCTION: According to the World Health Organisation regarding suicide rate, Lithuania was on the top in 2016 with 31.9 suicide events per 100 000 people of the population. This research was aimed at analysing the situation including methods of suicide and its distribution between different age, gender and settlement groups in Lithuania. METHODS: 4610 particular suicide cases were found and analysed from the given retrospectively collected data by the Hygiene Institute’s Register of Death Causes in Lithuania from 2012 till 2016. These cases have been categorised into age (10-19 years old, 20-69 years old and >70 years old), gender and settlement groups. Chi-squared and Fisher tests were used to analyse the associations between the suicide methods used, sex, as well as age. A significance level of p<0.05 was used. RESULTS: In total, 4610 suicide cases were registered in Lithuania in 2012-2016. People aged 20-69 years had the biggest proportion with 80%, followed by 16% for people older than 70 and 4% people aged 10-19. 82% of all cases were men. The most common method of suicides in all age groups was hanging, self-strangulation and self-suffocation; 92%. There is no statistical significant difference in methods used by the 10-19 years old group and above 20 years of age (20-70+).A difference was found between the groups under 70 years and above 70 years old. Moreover, the following difference was found between their genders (p=0.0002). In terms of using drugs and biological substances, women (54.24%) are more likely to commit suicide through these means than men in all age groups, while 100% of suicide methods by gas, steam or solvents were used by men. Though slightly more suicides were registered in cities, there was no statistically significant difference between people living in cities and in villages. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that incidences of suicides are gradually decreasing every year, the situation is not yet satisfactory. The pattern almost has not changed for years – the most inclinable person to commit suicide is a 50-59 years old man living in a city and the most used method is still hanging.

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