scholarly journals Trans Fatty Acid Intake Modulates the Expression of Uncoupling Proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2 & UCP3) mRNA in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Walaa M Sarhan ◽  
Safaa El-Hussien Tawfik ◽  
Amal S El-Shal ◽  
Vishruti Makani ◽  
Hanim M. Abdel-Nour
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Uncoupling Proteins ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Trans Fatty Acid Intake ◽  
Ucp2 Expression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Ucp3 Expression

Increased consumption of Trans Fats is associated with increased risk of Coronary Heart Disease. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are mitochondrial proteins that disperse the inter-membrane electrochemical potential as heat. We aimed to detect the relation of high Trans-fat intake in diet on the expression of UCP2&3 m-RNA in children. A specific questionnaire to parents of sixty-eight children (4-15 years) was conducted. Accordingly, the subjects were sub-grouped into; High Trans-fat consuming group (37 subjects) and a Medium Trans-fat consuming one (31 subjects). Samples collected from Peripheral blood to analyze UCP2&3 mRNA expression by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Levels of UCP2 expression was reduced in children consuming High Trans-fat (2.5 ±0.7) in comparison with Medium Trans-fat consuming ones (1.5± 0.2) with (p<0.001). However, not much significance was showed in UCP3 expression with values (2.1±0.5) in the High consuming group and (1.9±0.2) in Medium consuming group with (p=0.08). In Delta relationship the diet-induced changes in UCP2 (r=0.66, P=0.002) and UCP3 (r=0.61, P=0.06) mRNA expression was negatively correlated with percentage of Trans-fat in diet. The correlation of UCP2&3 mRNA expression and high Trans-fat intake suggests a mechanism by which high Trans-fat diet plays a role in childhood obesity.

Consumer perceptions of trans fats in 2009 show awareness of negative effects but limited concern regarding use in snack foods

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseann Nasser ◽  
Stephanie Cook ◽  
Megan Bashutski ◽  
Karen Hill ◽  
Darci Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Dietary Changes

The purpose of this study was to determine consumers’ perceptions of industrially produced trans fats. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Regina at 3 different grocery store chains located in 3 different regions. A 21-item survey was administered in English by 3 research assistants at the grocery stores over a 5-day period. Of 498 potential respondents who were approached, 211 completed the survey, for a 42% response rate. The majority of respondents were female and over 61 years of age. When respondents were asked if they looked for information on food packages while grocery shopping, none of the respondents indicated that they looked for trans fat on the food label. Ninety-six percent of respondents identified that trans fat is found in processed foods, whereas 42% of respondents incorrectly identified trans fat as being found in nonhydrogenated margarines. More female respondents self-reported that they had made dietary changes to decrease trans fat intake as compared with male respondents (p < 0.05). Those participants who made dietary changes to decrease trans fat intake had higher mean knowledge scores than did those who did not make changes (p < 0.043). Sixty-three percent of respondents indicated that they would not make dietary changes to their snack food selections even if their selections contained trans fat. Consumers know a little about trans fats and consider them to be a concern. However, consumers are reluctant to make dietary changes to limit these fats in their snack food selections.

scholarly journals Intakes of Major Types of Fat Before Pregnancy and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 936-936
Author(s):  
Mariel Arvizu ◽  
Audrey Gaskins ◽  
Jennifer Stuart ◽  
Janet Rich-Edwards ◽  
Jorge E Chavarro
Keyword(s):  
Health Study ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Abstract Objectives While there is significant literature on the relation between intake of fat and of specific fatty acids during pregnancy with the risk of preeclampsia, the relation of pre-pregnancy intake with preeclampsia and GHTN has not been extensively evaluated. Methods In the Nurses’ Health Study II, 11,660 women without a history of chronic disease reported 17,114 singleton pregnancies between 1992 and 2009. Pre-pregnancy diet was assessed every four years, starting in 1991 using a 131-item food frequency questionnaire. GHTN and preeclampsia were self-reported biennially. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of GHTN and preeclampsia were estimated with log-binomial regression, employing generalized estimating equations to account for repeated pregnancies, and adjusting for total energy intake, protein intake, age at pregnancy, marital status, history of infertility, gestational diabetes, parity, multivitamin use, race, and co-adjustment for major types of fat. Results Mean (SD) age at pregnancy was 34.6 (3.9) years. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) were reported in 1066 (6%) pregnancies (564 [3%] GHTN; 502 [3%] preeclampsia). Total fat intake before pregnancy was not associated with the risk of GHTN or preeclampsia. When intakes of major types of fats (saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans) were evaluated, only intake of trans fats was associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia. Women in the highest quartile of trans fat intake (median [range], 2.18 [1.84–5.75] % of calories) had a 45% (CI: 7%, 97%; p-trend = 0.01) greater risk of preeclampsia than women with the lowest quartile of intake (median [range]: 0.91 [0.11–1.09] % of calories). A similar, albeit attenuated, association was observed with trans fat intake and GHTN (p-trend = 0.12). Intakes of major types of fat were unrelated to GHTN. Conclusions Greater intake of trans fats before pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia, but not GHTN. However, the extent to which these findings are generalizable to current intake levels in the general US population remains to be determined. Intakes of all other major fat types were unrelated to the risk of HDP. Funding Sources Supported by National Institutes of Health grants UM1-CA176726, P30-DK046200, R00ES026648, U54-CA155626, and T32-DK007703–16.

We Spent a Million Bucks and Then We Had To Do Something

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 460-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Schleifer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Profile Study

Many scholars assume that industry meddles in scientific research in order to defend their products. But this article shows that industry meddling in science can have a variety of consequences. American food manufacturers long denied that trans fats were associated with disease. Academic scientists, government scientists, and activists in fact endorsed trans fats as a healthier alternative to saturated fats. But in 1990, a high-profile study showed that trans fats increased risk factors for heart disease more than saturated fats did. Industry funded a U.S. Department of Agriculture study that they hoped would exonerate trans fats. But the industry-funded U.S. Department of Agriculture study also indicated that trans fats increased risk factors for heart disease more than saturated fats. Industry quickly began developing trans fat alternatives. This confirms that corporations get involved in science in order to defend their products. But involvement in science can be the very means by which corporations persuade themselves to change their products.

Postprandial Activation of Coagulant Factor VII by Long-chain Dietary Fatty Acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A B Sanders ◽  
G J Miller ◽  
Tamara de Grassi ◽  
Najat Yahia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Long Chain

SummaryFactor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc) is associated with an increased risk of fatal ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Several reports have suggested that dietary fat intake or hypertriglyceridaemia are associated with elevated levels of FVII. This study demonstrates that an intake of long-chain fatty acids sufficient to induce postprandial lipaemia in healthy subjects leads to a substantial elevation in both FVIIc and the concentration of FVII circulating in the activated form. Such an increase in FVIIc could not be induced by medium-chain triglycerides. These results suggest that the consumption of a sufficient amount of long-chain triglycerides to induce postprandial lipaemia induces the activation of FVII.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status on Anthropometric Development and Systemic Inflammation: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5635
Author(s):  
Roxana Maria Martin-Hadmaș ◽  
Ștefan Adrian Martin ◽  
Adela Romonți ◽  
Cristina Oana Mărginean
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Total Fat

(1) Background: Daily caloric intake should aim to reduce the risk of obesity or poor anthropometric development. Our study objective was to analyze the association between food consumption, inflammatory status and anthropometric development; (2) Methods: We performed a prospective observational analytical research during September 2020 and April 2021 on a group of 160 healthy subjects, aged between 6 and 12 years old, by analyzing food ingestion, the basal metabolic rate, anthropometric development and the inflammatory status; (3) Results: IL-6 was significantly correlated to the sum of skinfolds, along with both serum proteins and triglycerides. The skin folds were significantly correlated with the caloric intake and with total fat intake, next to saturated and trans fats. Unlike the skin folds, the body weight was significantly correlated with the caloric intake along with some vitamins, such as Vitamin A and Vitamin B12. Inactive mass increased with excessive folic acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin K and saturated fat intake; (4) Conclusions: The inflammatory status was influenced by the ingestion of micronutrients, total serum lipids and proteins. The anthropometric development was associated with the ingestion of carbohydrates, energy balance and energy intake. We can conclude that daily menu and nutrition imbalances can influence both the risk of obesity and the inflammatory status.

scholarly journals The Ability of Exercise to Mitigate Caloric Restriction-Induced Bone Loss in Older Adults: A Structured Review of RCTs and Narrative Review of Exercise-Induced Changes in Bone Biomarkers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Wherry ◽  
Ryan M. Miller ◽  
Sarah H. Jeong ◽  
Kristen M. Beavers
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Biomarkers ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

Despite the adverse metabolic and functional consequences of obesity, caloric restriction- (CR) induced weight loss is often contra-indicated in older adults with obesity due to the accompanying loss of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and subsequent increased risk of fracture. Several studies show a positive effect of exercise on aBMD among weight-stable older adults; however, data on the ability of exercise to mitigate bone loss secondary to CR are surprisingly equivocal. The purpose of this review is to provide a focused update of the randomized controlled trial literature assessing the efficacy of exercise as a countermeasure to CR-induced bone loss among older adults. Secondarily, we present data demonstrating the occurrence of exercise-induced changes in bone biomarkers, offering insight into why exercise is not more effective than observed in mitigating CR-induced bone loss.

Trans Fat Information on Food Labels: Consumer Use and Interpretation

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Ellis ◽  
N. Theresa Glanville
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Nutrition Facts Panel ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Consumers’ use and interpretation of trans fat information on food labels were explored. Methods: Consumers completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire in one of three grocery stores selected purposively to represent geographical location. Data analysis involved examining the relationship of age, gender, grocery shopping habits, household size, and source of nutrition information with awareness, use, and interpretation of trans fat information. Results: Ninety-eight percent (n=239) of participants were aware of trans fat, and most knew of the relationship between trans fat intake and cardiovascular disease. Although the majority of shoppers were aware of the “0 trans fat” nutrition claim on food packages (95%), they were more likely to use the Nutrition Facts panel (60%) to reduce trans fat intake. Men and consumers under age 40 were least likely to be aware of food label information. While most consumers (75%) correctly interpreted the “0 trans fat” nutrition claim and thought foods with this claim could be healthy choices (64%), only 51% purchased these foods to reduce trans fat intake. Conclusions: Nutrition professionals should target messages to reduce trans fat intake at men and consumers under age 40. While general knowledge was good, further education is required to help consumers interpret trans fat information.

Effects of Maternal Diabetes on Fetal Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein MRNAs in the Rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. R5-R8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal D. Streck ◽  
Veeraramani S. Rajaratnam ◽  
Renata B. Fishman ◽  
Peggy J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Matemal diabetes is associated in humans and rats with an increased risk for fetal growth abnormalities and malformations. Therefore, the effect of maternal diabetes on expression of genes that regulate fetal growth and differentiation is of considerable interest. Developmental growth is regulated in part by the expression and availability of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). Postnatal expression of a subset of the IGFs and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) has been demonstrated to be regulated in response to diabetes and other metabolic conditions. We used in situ hybridization to analyze the effect of maternal diabetes, induced by streptozotocin (STZ) prior to mating, upon prenatal rat IGF and IGFBP mRNA expression. At gestational day (GD) 14, the most striking effect of maternal diabetes on fetal IGF/IGFBP gene expression was a marked increase in the abundance of IGFBP-1 mRNA within the liver primordia of fetuses isolated from diabetic dams compared to age-matched controls. This upregulation cannot be entirely due to the approximately one-half-day delay in fetal development (based on limb bud staging) associated with maternal diabetes, as there was no gross difference in the level of IGFBP-1 mRNA between GD13 and GD14 control fetal livers. In contrast, the fetal mRNA expression patterns of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-2, -3, -4, -5 and -6 were not grossly altered by maternal diabetes. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that IGFBP-1 produced within the fetal liver and secreted into fetal circulation may play a role in regulating rat fetal growth.

Hepatic IGF1 DNA methylation is influenced by gender but not by intrauterine growth restriction in the young lamb

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Carr ◽  
J. S. Milne ◽  
R. P. Aitken ◽  
C. L. Adam ◽  
J. M. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Increased Risk

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and postnatal catch-up growth confer an increased risk of adult-onset disease. Overnourishment of adolescent ewes generates IUGR in ∼50% of lambs, which subsequently exhibit increased fractional growth rates. We investigated putative epigenetic changes underlying this early postnatal phenotype by quantifying gene-specific methylation at cytosine:guanine (CpG) dinucleotides. Hepatic DNA/RNA was extracted from IUGR [eight male (M)/nine female (F)] and normal birth weight (12 M/9 F) lambs. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers targeting CpG islands in 10 genes: insulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)1, IGF2, H19, insulin receptor, growth hormone receptor, IGF receptors 1 and 2, and the glucocorticoid receptor. Using pyrosequencing, methylation status was determined by quantifying cytosine:thymine ratios at 57 CpG sites. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of IGF system genes and plasma IGF1/insulin were determined. DNA methylation was independent of IUGR status but sexual dimorphism in IGF1 methylation was evident (M<F, P=0.008). IGF1 mRNA:18S and plasma IGF1 were M>F (both P<0.001). IGF1 mRNA expression correlated negatively with IGF1 methylation (r=−0.507, P=0.002) and positively with plasma IGF1 (r=0.884, P<0.001). Carcass and empty body weights were greater in males (P=0.002–0.014) and this gender difference in early body conformation was mirrored by sexual dimorphism in hepatic IGF1 DNA methylation, mRNA expression and plasma IGF1 concentrations.

Abstract 017: Hyperglycemia-induced Posttranscriptional Modification Of Proinflammatory Cytokine Mrna Stability Is Mediated Via Hur/PKC-delta Signaling Pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh K Verma ◽  
Alexander R Mackie ◽  
Erin E Vaughan ◽  
Tatiana V Abramova ◽  
Raj kishore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mrna Stability ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Intramyocardial Injection ◽  
Pkc Delta ◽  
Increased Risk

Patients with diabetes are predisposed to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Persistent interaction of infiltrating macrophages and resident fibroblasts play a critical role in cardiac fibrosis. However, the signaling mechanism is not clear. We hypothesized that macrophage ELAV1 (mRNA stabilizing protein) modulates profibrotic mediators and extracellular matrix turnover by binding to 3′UTR and regulating the mRNA stability of TGF-beta and MMP-9 in hyperglycemic conditions. Mice receiving intramyocardial injection of HuR-specific shRNA showed significant reduction in infarct size and fibrosis area. Reduced fibrosis was associated with decrease in TGF-beta and MMP-9 expression in the myocardium. Conditioned media (CM) from high glucose (HG) treated macrophages significantly increased profibrogenic response (increased mRNA expression of Col1a1, Col3a1 and fibronectin) in fibroblast cell line as compared to fibroblasts incubated with CM from low glucose (LG)-treated macrophages. Knockdown of ELAV1 in HG-treated macrophages abrogated the profibrotic effects in fibroblasts. Indirect immunofluroscence of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) demonstrated that HG increases nuclear ELAV1 export to the cytoplasm. Pharmacological inhibition of Protein kinase C-delta (PKCd) blocked HG-induced ELAV1 nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation. In vitro, stable knockdown of ELAV1 in mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 reduced mRNA expression of TGF-beta and MMP-9 following LPS challenge, accompanied by a marked reduction in the mRNA stability of these genes. Our study here establishes an ELAV1/TGF-beta/MMP-9/PKC-delta signaling axis in the macrophages controlling the profibrogenic responses in fibroblasts, the major contributor in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Therefore, targeting this signaling pathway might be of therapy value for cardiac fibrosis in diabetic patients.

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