COVID-19 and emergency planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Winter
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Emergency Planning ◽  
Global Society

As COVID-19 continues to spread worldwide, George Winter discusses emergency strategies, lessons from past epidemics and the vital role that healthcare managers can play in shaping responses to infectious diseases in today's global society.

Consistent Infection Prevention: Vital During Routine and Emerging Infectious Diseases Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Rebmann ◽  
Ruth Carrico
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Adequate Knowledge

Emerging infectious diseases impact healthcare providers in the United States and globally. Nurses play a vital role in protecting the health of patients, visitors, and fellow staff members during routine practice and biological disasters, such as bioterrorism, pandemics, or outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases. One vital nursing practice is proper infection prevention procedures. Failure to practice correctly and consistently can result in occupational exposures or disease transmission. This article reviews occupational health risks, and pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for nurses who provide care to patients with new or re-emerging infectious diseases. Infection prevention education based on existing infection prevention competencies is critical to ensure adequate knowledge and safe practice both every day and in times of limited resources. Challenges specific to infectious disease disasters are discussed, as well as the role of microorganisms and nurse education for infection prevention.

Information Technology and Emergency Management

2010 ◽  
pp. 112-135
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Reddick
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
State Government ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Emergency Planning ◽  
It Adoption ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Role Of It

Section 214 of the E-Government Act of 2002 called on the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in consultation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to ensure that IT is studied to enhance crisis preparedness and response as a consequence of natural and manmade disasters (Rao, Eisenberg, and Schmitt, 2007). This important e-government legislation demonstrates the vital role of IT in emergency management. E-emergency management is especially critical to understand given the important role that the different levels of government play in disasters. This chapter will show that there is a need to be comprehensive in IT and emergency management. For effective emergency planning there is a need to use IT to leverage planning efforts. Federalism mat-ters when doing emergency lanning and should be taken into account in these efforts. Citizens play a critical role in emergency management. Information that is timely, and of high quality, is essential for emergency management. The digital divide matters in planning for emergency management and there is an importance of public libraries in the event of a disaster to serve those populations impacted from the disaster. This chapter first examines the four functions of emergency management to determine how these functions relate to IT. Emergency planning and its application to IT adoption is discussed in this chapter. The intergovernmental aspects of emergency management are discussed to set the context of the environment that emergency responders work under. The role that citizens play in emergency management is discussed to determine the important influence they have over the process. The chapter also examines the impact of management information systems on emergency management. This chapter examines the important organizational, societal, and technology issues of IT and emergency management. There are results from a survey of state government directors of emergency management to determine what impact that IT has had on their departments. Finally, a conclusion summarizes the important findings of this study.

scholarly journals Health promotion perspectives on the COVID-19 pandemic: The importance of religion

2020 ◽  
pp. 175797592097299
Author(s):  
Sima Barmania ◽  
Michael J. Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Science Education ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Scientific Theories

In this article we examine the importance of religion for COVID-19 health promotion. We advance three main arguments. First, religion plays an important role in affecting how likely it is that people will become infected with COVID-19. Second, religion should not be seen as a ‘problem’ with regards to COVID-19 but as an important part of the worldview and lifestyle of many people. Third, there are valuable health promotion lessons we can learn not only from the intersection of religion and other infectious diseases, but also from approaches taken within science education. Contentious science topics such as evolution and vaccine hesitancy have been effectively communicated to those with a religious faith who are disposed to reject them by reframing and considering religion as a worldview and treating those who do not accept standard scientific theories sensitively. Religion has much to contribute to health promotion, including introducing perspectives on life’s meaning and on death that can differ from those held by many without religious faith. Furthermore, religious leaders are important gatekeepers to their communities and can therefore play a vital role in policy implementation, even when that policy makes no overt reference to religion. Our contention is that by working with those of faith in the context of COVID-19, health promotion can be enhanced.

scholarly journals Qualitative Dynamics and Pattern Formation of COVID-19 in the Modified SIR Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Zheng ◽  
Vikas Pandey ◽  
Jianwei Shen ◽  
Yong Xu ◽  
Linan Guan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Turing Instability ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
System Method ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Random Diffusion

Abstract SIR (susceptible-infective-recovery) model is a widely investigated model to explain the time evolution of infectious diseases. Outbreak of infectious diseases is affected by diffusion of infected, which is true especially in COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, it is imperative to construct a diffusion network in the model for spatial consideration; However, the inclusion of a diffusion network is seldom considered for the studies. In this work, we first modified the SIR model for COVID-19 and then performed its stability and bifurcation analysis in qualitative research. Based on our analysis, we propose some of the advice to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Then, a random diffusion network is constructed, which shows its vital role in the Turing instability and bifurcation. We noticed that the stability of network-organized SIR could be determined by the maximum of eigenvalues of the network matrix. The maximum of eigenvalues of the network matrix is proportional to network connection rate and infection rate of the network. Therefore, these two rates play a critical role in Turing instability. We perform the numerical simulations to verify the analytical results. We try to explain the spread mechanism of infectious diseases and provide some feasible strategies based on our analysis of these two models. Also, the reduced system method for a network-organized system is proposed, which is a novel approach to investigate the complex system.

scholarly journals Management of Healthcare Waste in Healthcare Emergencies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Manjengwa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Emergency Planning ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Healthcare Waste ◽  
Healthcare Waste Management ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Careful Thought

Proper management of waste in healthcare emergencies is key to preventing spread of infections within an emergency. The risks of poor waste management are varied with the risks of spreading infectious diseases being the most important to consider. Chemical pollution should also be considered as water sources can easily be polluted. Careful thought and planning including a risk assessment should be carried out and the results should be publicized to create a common understanding of the problem at hand. This will also inform the methods to be used for the management of waste. Training of healthcare workers is key to creating common understanding of the problem at hand. The different types of waste to be generated should be well understood and methods to manage it should be well thought out before implementation. The decision on the different methods used to manage waste should be informed by the risk assessment and the available resources. However effectiveness to deal with the waste produced should be considered above all factors. Proper healthcare waste management is imperative to preventing further infections that might not be part of the original healthcare emergency. Planning to manage waste is a process that requires information before implementation.

Vector-borne parasite transmission in the UK and the role of the veterinary nurse in education

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 480-487
Author(s):  
Ian Wright ◽  
Philippa Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Uk

Vector-borne infections account for 17% of infectious diseases globally, presenting a risk to humans. They are also a significant cause of disease in cats and dogs, which can act as reservoirs for certain zoonotic vector-borne pathogens, thus further increasing this risk. As a result of changes in climate and pet travel guidelines, there is the potential for introduction of new vectors or vector-borne parasites in the UK. The veterinary nurse plays a vital role in educating clients on the risks presented by these parasites and their associated diseases, as well as in formulating tailored parasite control plans in partnership with clients.

scholarly journals THE ECOLOGICAL HOSTS SHIFT OF PARASITES AND THE OUTBREAK OF EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES: A REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Mohammed Seid Legas
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Ecological Fitting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Host Parasite

Parasites are organisms which metabolically depend upon their hosts. To understand the ecological host shift of a parasite, it is important to look the host-parasite associations with respect to ecological change and factors that generate, maintain, and constrain the associations with implications for a wide range of ecological issues, including the dynamics of emerging infectious diseases. Although, the ecological significance of   parasites is almost overlooked for several years by ecologists, considerable efforts are being made to understand their functional importance in ecosystems. Parasites play vital role in the trophic cascades of the food web. Environmental change caused by anthropogenic activities result host shift of specialist parasites and this shift of specialized parasites can rapidly to new hosts via ecological fitting play an important role in the ecology and evolution of host-parasite associations. This condition is the primary cause for the Emerging Infectious Diseases when parasite species begin infecting and causing disease in host species with which they have no previous history of association. Therefore, understanding the host parasites interaction and distribution of known and potential pathogens is a vital precondition for optimizing their positive, while minimizing their negative effects on conservation, restoration and sustained development programs.

Animals in disaster: The emergency planning process of Heartland Humane Society, Corvallis, Oregon

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
LTjg Christopher Dorsey, USN
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Emergency Planning ◽  
Human Animal Bond ◽  
Local Support ◽  
Human Animal

Animals play a major role in people’s lives. Humans interact with animals in the food chain, train them for entertainment, and often accept them as integral members of their families. Recent disasters have shown the strength of the human-animal bond; for example, a number of people have refused to leave flooded homes without their pets.Organizations that deal with animal control can play a vital role during disasters. This case study highlights the employment of emergency management principles at a community animal shelter. The study follows the project from initial assessments through the development of an initial emergency program. Key elements in this process include a realistic risk assessment, training, and available local support, as well as economic concerns. Although this does not display a finished product, it demonstrates the initial steps involved in creating an emergency management program for a small public service organization.

scholarly journals Persistence of Pathogens on Inanimate Surfaces: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Jan Erik Wißmann ◽  
Lisa Kirchhoff ◽  
Yannick Brüggemann ◽  
Daniel Todt ◽  
Joerg Steinmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Continuous Source

For the prevention of infectious diseases, knowledge about transmission routes is essential. In addition to respiratory, fecal–oral, and sexual transmission, the transfer of pathogens via surfaces plays a vital role for human pathogenic infections—especially nosocomial pathogens. Therefore, information about the survival of pathogens on surfaces can have direct implications on clinical measures, including hygiene guidelines and disinfection strategies. In this review, we reviewed the existing literature regarding viral, bacterial, and fungal persistence on inanimate surfaces. In particular, the current knowledge of the survival time and conditions of clinically relevant pathogens is summarized. While many pathogens persist only for hours, common nosocomial pathogens can survive for days to weeks under laboratory conditions and thereby potentially form a continuous source of transmission if no adequate inactivation procedures are performed.

scholarly journals Exploring challenges of health system preparedness for communicable diseases in Arbaeen mass gathering: a qualitative study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezou Karampourian ◽  
Zohreh Ghomian ◽  
Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health System ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
System Response ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Contagious Diseases

Background: Infectious diseases are common problems in mass gatherings, especially when there is a lack of health system preparedness. Since Iran is one of the most important countries on the walking path of Arbaeen and has a vital role in providing health services to pilgrims, the experiences of health challenges by participants is of key importance. The aim of this study is to explore stakeholders’ experiences on the health system's preparedness and challenges, and to provide suggestions for preventing infectious diseases during the Arbaeen mass gathering. Methods: A qualitative research method was used with a conventional content analysis approach. The number of participants was 17, including 13 executive managers and 4 health policymakers who entered the study among participants. Semi-structured interviews were used to generate the data. Interviews were analyzed by means of content analysis after face-to-face interviews. Results: Data analysis resulted in the extraction of four main themes and 11 sub-themes. Health infrastructure defects in Iraq has three sub-themes (health abandonment in Iraq, the weaknesses in health culture and problems related to the health system); poor control of the causative factors of infectious diseases has three sub-themes (the underlying factors of the prevalence of contagious diseases, health system response to communicable diseases and ignoring the risks of the Arbaeen ceremony); the low perception of risk in pilgrims has three sub-themes (lack of awareness in pilgrims, fatalism in pilgrims and unhygienic belief in pilgrims); and the ineffectiveness of health education has two sub-themes (training shortage in the targeted group and educational content problems) that shows participant’s experiences of the health system's challenges for coping with infectious diseases during the Arbaeen ceremony. Conclusion: Pilgrim-based training, planning and controlling other challenges may change these threats to opportunities and improve the health of participants of the mass gathering of Arbaeen in the region.

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