Part 1: COVID-19 and knowledge for midwifery practice—impact and care of pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Janet Green ◽  
Linda Jones ◽  
Julia Petty ◽  
Patricia Bromley ◽  
Cathrine Fowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
The Impact

The emergence of viral diseases, such as COVID-19, represents a global public health threat, particularly the high-impact animal viruses that have switched hosts and are able to be transmitted within human populations. Pandemics threaten the general population; however, there are special groups, such as pregnant women and their babies, which may be at a higher risk of, or more severely affected by infection. Pregnancy is considered a unique immunological condition; therefore, current challenges include decisions on preventing and treating infections during pregnancy and the possible implications for the fetus and newborn infant. This integrative review, the first of a two-part series, analyses selected literature on COVID-19 within maternal and newborn care, drawing on key themes relating to the impact on the pregnant woman. The themes discussed are: the nature of the immune system in pregnant and newly birthed mothers, maternal risk, mode and timing of birth, care during pregnancy and childbirth, and the transition to parenthood including the implications for practice for maternal mental wellbeing.

Impact of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Pregnant Women: A Review

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Habeeb ◽  
Manju Chugani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID‐19) is a global public health emergency.Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the infection has spread at an alarming rate across the globe and humans have been locked down to their countries, cities and homes. As of now, the virus has affected over 20million people globally and has inflicted over 7 lac deaths. Nevertheless, the recovery rate is improving with each passing day and over 14 million people have recuperated so far. The statistics indicate that nobody is immune to the disease as the virus continues to spread among all age groups; newborns to the elders, and all compartmentsincluding pregnant women. However, pregnant women may be more susceptible to this infection as they are, in general, highly vulnerable to respiratory infections. There is no evidence for vertical transmission of the COVID-19 virus among pregnant women, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries. Besides this, the COVID-19 may alter immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and affect the well-being of mothers as well as infants. Unfortunately, there is limited evidence available in the open literature regarding coronavirus infection during pregnancy and it now appears that certain pregnant women have infected during the present 2019-nCoV pandemic. In this short communication, we study the impact of the COVID-19 infection on vertical transmission and fetal outcome among pregnant women.

Pregnancy and Childbirth in Women with Confirmed COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Obstetric Department

Introduction: A new viral infection, dubbed “COVID-19” in the spring of 2020, became pandemic. Data on the impact of Covid-19 on pregnant women and childbirth are scarce and contradictory. Purpose: to study the peculiarities of the course and outcome of labor in women with positive results from COVID-19. Materials and Methods: An analysis of 222 birth histories of women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 PCR directed to delivery to the specialized obstetric department of the Fergana city medical association for October-December 2020 is presented. Results: A mild form of infection was in 70,2%, moderate - in 21.2%, severe - in 8.1%, and critical - in 0.5%. The frequency and nature of the upper and lower respiratory tract lesions, SPO2 parameters and lung damage, as well as the age of pregnant women, parity, the presence of somatic and obstetric pathology are presented. The frequency of delivery by weight section was 25.2%, preterm birth - 9.5%. Conclusions: In most pregnant women the severe form of COVID-19 is characterized by bilateral pneumonia with ARS and anemia in 100% of cases, the frequency of miscarriage in them is high and reaches 37%. The condition of pregnant women with COVID-19 aggravated the development of severe preeclampsia, premature placental abruption, and multiple pregnancy

Does transition to parenthood affect gender traits? The effect of pregnancy on perceived female and male traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Naurin ◽  
Elias Markstedt ◽  
Dietlind Stolle ◽  
Helen Elden ◽  
Verena Sengpiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Early Parenthood ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Gender Traits

How stable is gender identity when facing important gendered life events? In the study of gender identity, little research has focused on adulthood experiences that might modify or reinforce self-perceptions of gender traits. This article uses pregnancy and early parenthood to study stability and change in self-perceived female and male traits. We make use of data from a large-scale citizen panel in Sweden that tracks respondents who eventually become pregnant. The overall conclusion is that self-perceptions of gender traits are mostly stable throughout pregnancy and early parenthood in the comparatively gender-equal context of Sweden.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>We study the effect of a gendered life event on changes in gender identity during adulthood.</li><br /><li>Pregnant women and partners of pregnant women are followed over time, with pre- and post-test measures of gender identity.</li><br /><li>While pregnancy and childbirth are often seen as reinforcing feminine identity, we expect only small changes in a gender-equal society like Sweden.</li><br /><li>Results show that gender identity is stable during pregnancy and around childbirth for Swedish women and men.</li></ul>

Impact of ectogenesis on the medicalisation of pregnancy and childbirth

2020 ◽  
pp. medethics-2019-106004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Parent Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The medicalisation of pregnancy and childbirth has been encouraged by the continuing growth of technology that can be applied to the reproductive journey. Technology now has the potential to fully separate reproduction from the human body with the prospect of ectogenesis—the gestation of a fetus outside of the human body. This paper considers the issues that have been caused by the general medicalisation of pregnancy and childbirth and the impact that ectogenesis may have on these existing issues. The medicalisation of pregnancy and childbirth is criticised for its impact on the relationship between doctors and pregnant women and the way in which doctors treat fetuses. It is argued that ectogenesis may cause more imbalance in the doctor and intended parent relationship and may result in an increased lack of clarity regarding a doctor’s duty to the fetus. This paper finds that extensive guidance and revised legislation will be necessary to minimise the impact of ectogenesis on the existing issues caused by the medicalisation of reproduction.

Intimate Partner Violence Before Pregnancy, During Pregnancy, and After Childbirth: A New Conceptualization Highlighting Individual Changes in Violence Against Pregnant Women Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199745
Author(s):  
Ko Ling Chan ◽  
C. K. M. Lo ◽  
Y. Lu ◽  
Frederick K. Ho ◽  
Wing Cheong Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women is a global public health problem. Yet, the trajectory of IPV during pregnancy and its association with health are unclear. This study set out to investigate the trajectory of IPV by categorizing pregnant women according to changes of IPV exposure before, during, and after pregnancy and to examine the predictive factors of these IPV-related categories. During 2016 and 2017, we conducted a longitudinal study with a sample of 1,083 pregnant women in Hong Kong. Pregnant women reported their IPV experiences, depression, and demographics in the baseline survey (at about 24-week gestation), and their IPV experiences, mental health outcomes, social support, and perceived father’s involvement in the follow-up survey (around 4 weeks postpartum). We categorized pregnant women into four groups, including women with (a) sustaining abusive relationship (AR); (b) relationship with decreased violence over pregnancy (DVR); (c) relationship with stress-related violence (SVR); and (d) nonviolent relationship (NVR). Although we found an overall decline of IPV during pregnancy from 24.6% to 14.3%, there were still a considerable proportion of women reporting as a victim of IPV. We observed that a higher proportion of pregnant women were actually suffering from IPV during pregnancy and after childbirth continuously (22.3% of AR and SVR) than experiencing a termination of IPV due to pregnancy (11.4% of DVR). We also observed that more severe maternal depression, lower levels of father’s involvement, and poorer social support were significantly associated with the categories that reflected greater severity of IPV over the course of pregnancy. Our findings reflected that the complexity of IPV related to pregnancy should never be overlooked. Mere reporting of prevalence in an aggregate might not sufficiently explain the problem. Father’s involvement and social support are two important factors that might help reduce IPV related to pregnancy and childbirth.

scholarly journals Knowledge About Nutritional Intake In Pregnant Women With Anemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saepul Saepul ◽  
Yanti Hermayanti ◽  
Hesti Platini
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Tea Drinking ◽  
The Impact

Anemia or a lack of blood cells during pregnancy and childbirth is very dangerous. It may cause pregnant women to be at risk for bleeding during childbirth and hinder infant growth and development. This study aims to determine the knowledge of pregnant women with anemia about nutrition during pregnancy. The research design used in this study was quantitative descriptive, with 137 pregnant women with anemia as the population and a total sample of 58 respondents taken with random sampling technique. The variable in this study is the knowledge of pregnant women with anemia about nutritional intake. This study shows that the majority of the pregnant women had poor knowledge (84.48%) of nutritional intake, and only a small number had good knowledge (15.52%). With almost all pregnant women with anemia in the study having a lack of knowledge about nutritional intake, there is a concern that the baby will be negatively affected. The implication of the results highlights the important role of health workers to provide information about good nutrition during pregnancy, particularly the impact of tea-drinking habit.

scholarly journals Realizing a healthy pregnancy through optimizing the participation in pregnant women class

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2176-2180
Author(s):  
Fitriana Ikhtiarinawati Fajrin ◽  
Naila Shofa Nida’ul Khusna
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Knowledge Change ◽  
Pregnancy Care ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

This community service aims to increase knowledge, change attitudes and behavior of mothers to understand pregnancy, body changes, complaints during pregnancy, pregnancy care, childbirth, postpartum care, postnatal family planning, newborn care, and myths to achieve a healthy pregnancy. The method of the community service is health education in the form of pregnant women class and demonstrations of pregnant gymnastics practices which are carried out at the Sumberagung Village Hall, Sukodadi District, Lamongan Regency. The results indicate an increase in knowledge of pregnant women related to information about pregnancy and childbirth. Thus, pregnant women have an awareness of the importance of taking classes for pregnant women and make it a necessity to realize a healthy pregnancy.

Epidemiological Characterization of the Infection by Treponema Pallidum in Pregnant Women in Beira City, Sofala, Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nchowela Guido
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization ◽  
Active Syphilis ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Introduction: Syphilis is one of several diseases that can be transmitted during pregnancy and childbirth, which can lead to complications during pregnancy and in the newborn. This is especially so when the pregnant woman is not diagnosed or treated properly and in a timely manner. Methodology: Data from 262 pregnant women prospectively included, aged 18-41years, attended at the Ponta Gêa Health Centre for antenatal clinics has been analyzed from January to September of 2016. In the prospective study, a rapid treponemal and a non-treponemal test were performed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic and clinical variables, which was developed from the literature review. Results: The prevalence of active syphilis was 11.8%; the majority of reactive pregnant women were aged 18-25years (55.4%), (61.3%) of pregnant women were treated with doses below those recommended; only a small number of the partners were treated successfully. The highest seroprevalence of syphilis was found in housewives (77%), in those who attended primary education (71.6%) in those who had a monthly income of 1000- 3000 MZN (70.3%), in those with two or more pregnancies (55.7%) and living with someone has husband and wife (63.5%). The syphilis/HIV co-infection rate was high. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, urgent measures are needed to assess the problems encountered and to improve the screening approach, treatment and monitoring of syphilis during pregnancy in order to prevent the cases of congenital syphilis.

The impact of participant pathways on the effectiveness of a community-based physical activity intervention grounded in motivational interviewing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wade ◽  
Nicola Brown ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Steven Mann ◽  
Bernadette Dancy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Point

Background: Brief advice is recommended to increase physical activity (PA) within primary care. This study assessed change in PA levels and mental wellbeing after a motivational interviewing (MI) community-based PA intervention and the impact of signposting [SP] and Social Action [SA] (i.e. weekly group support) pathways. Methods: Participants (n=2084) took part in a community-based, primary care PA programme using MI techniques. Self-reported PA and mental wellbeing data were collected at baseline (following an initial 30-minute MI appointment), 12-weeks, six-months, and 12-months. Participants were assigned based upon the surgery they attended to the SP or SA pathway. Multilevel models were used to derive point estimates and 95%CIs for outcomes at each time point and change scores. Results: Participants increased PA and mental wellbeing at each follow-up time point through both participant pathways and with little difference between pathways. Retention was similar between pathways at 12-weeks, but the SP pathway retained more participants at six-months and 12-months. Conclusions: Both pathways produced similar improvements in PA and mental wellbeing, suggesting the effectiveness of MI based PA interventions. However, due to lower resources required yet similar effects, SP pathways are recommended over SA to support PA in primary care settings.

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