scholarly journals Unripe Papaya Seed Ethanol Extract (Carica papaya, Linn.) Inhibits FSH and LH of Male Mice (Mus musculus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 979-984
Author(s):  
Bagus Komang Satriyasa ◽  
Agung Nova Mahendra ◽  
I. Gusti Kamasan Arijana ◽  
Dewa Made Ruspawan
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Wide Family ◽  
Papaya Seed

Family planning is a program designed to control the rate of population growth extensively in the country of Indonesia. In order to avoid of potential destructive effects of population explosion, a nation-wide Family Planning Program has been adopted long-standing in Indonesia. As to make it successful, family planning would have to involve with participation of both males and females. It was aimed to prove that the ethanol extracts of a local plant, Bali papaya, have antifertility function via inhibiting the secretion of FSH and LH. Randomized post-test only control group design was selected for this study. 38 male mice (strain Balb-C) were used and randomly divided into two equal groups. Only 0.5 ml double-distilled water was applicated orally for 36 days to controls; and 0.5 ml ethanol extract of unripe papaya seed with dose of 20 mg/20gr BW/day for 36 days to treatments. At the end of the experimental duration, blood samples of each individuals of both of the groups were collected for FSH and LH measurement. FSH and LH levels in controls were recorded as 3.379 and 15.718 mIU/ml, respectively. In experimental animals, the level of FSH was declined to 2.053 mIU/ml, while LH was measured as 8.626 mIU/ml. The reduction of both of the hormone was probably related to the active substances of extract. Administration of the ethanol extract of papaya seed reduces the average level of FSH and LH (p<0.05), significantly.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract on spermatogenic cells of mice (Mus Musculus L.) hyperglycemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Manik Damayanti ◽  
Putu Indrayoni ◽  
Ni Wayan Sukma Antari ◽  
Anak Agung Istri Mas Padmiswari
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract on sperm quality of diabetic mice. This research is a pure experimental (true experimental) with a post-test-only control group design approach. This research was conducted by giving Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract as a treatment for 42 days in male mice. Sperm quality parameters observed included viability, abnormalities, motility in sperm. In all variables, the results of the data showing a normal distribution with a p-value > 0.05 were then carried out with a parametric test using one-way ANOVA. Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract can increase the number of spermatogenic cells in male mice with hyperglycemia.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIFITAS BIOLARVASIDA EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH LAMPESU (Baccaurea lanceolata) TERHADAP LARVA INSTAR III Culex quinquefasciatus

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Dea Alfani Nandjan
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Infection Disease

Filariasis is chronic infection disease caused by worm and carried by Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. One of theways to controlling mosquitoes vectors are use biolarvacide or chemical insecticide. Chemical insecticide causingresistance Culex quinquefasciatus larvae and toxic for human. This research aim to determine the biolarvacideeffectiviteness of ethanol extract lampesu fruit (Baccaurea lanceolata) to Culex quinquefasciatus larvae instars III.This study was true experimental with a Post test-only control group design. This study used 700 larvae instars III ofCulex quinquefasciatus divided into 7 groups consentration of 0,2%, 0,4%, 0,6%, 0,8% and 1%, the positive control(abate) and negative control (aquadest). The observation was did after treatment in 3 hours, 6 hours, 12  hours and 24hours. The experiment is replicated four times. At 24 hours exposure concentration of 0,6% the test larvae mortalityreached 38% and at concentration of 1% the test larvae mortality reached 30%. In this stuy the concentration of1,531 % was effective to kill larvae with of 50% mortality(LC50) and concentration of 10,729 % was effective to killlarvae with of 90% mortality(LC90). Ethanol Ekstract of Lampesu Fruit (Baccaurea lanceolata) not effective asbiolarvacide ofCulex quinquefasciatus larvae instars III.

scholarly journals UJI EFEK ANTELMINTIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria) TERHADAP CACING GELANG (Ascaris lumbricoides) SECARA IN VITRO

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Tirza Roring ◽  
Herny E. I. Simbala ◽  
Edwin De Queljoe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

ABSTRACT Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) is an endemic species of Sulawesi palm, which has unique characteristics that have been used as medicine , to treat various. Ethanol extracts of pinang yaki leaves contains tannin compounds that can inhibit the work of enzymes, interfere with digestive metabolic processes, and damage the worm cell membrane. This study aims to determine the anthelmintic effect of ethanol extract of pinang yaki leaves obtained from the Tomohon area against roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides). The sample was extracted by maceration method using ethanol solvent. The test used ethanol extracts f pinang yaki leaves with a concentration of 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. The worms were incubated at a temperature of 37ºC, and examined for 24 hours at 6 hour intervals. The number of lysis worms and paralysis was recorded every 6 hours and the data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test and continued using the Mann Whitney test. The results showed an anthelmintic effect of ethanol extracts of pinang yaki leaves on roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) in vitro.Keywords         : Anthelmintic, Ethanol extracts of areca leaf, Areca vestiaria, Ascaris lumbricoides  ABSTRAK Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) merupakan jenis palem endemik Sulawesi yang memiliki karakteristik yang unik telah dimanfaatkan sebagai obat, untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit. Ekstrak etanol daun pinang yaki mengandung senyawa tanin yang dapat menghambat kerja enzim, mengganggu proses metabolisme pencernaan, serta merusak membran sel cacing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya efek antelmintik dari ekstrak etanol daun pinang yaki yang diperoleh dari daerah Tomohon terhadap cacing gelang (Ascaris lumbricoides). Sampel diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Metode penelitian ini ialah eksperimen laboratorium dengan desain post test only control group. Pengujian menggunakan ekstrak etanol daun pinang yaki dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 20%. Cacing diinkubasi pada suhu 37ºC, dan diteliti selama 24 jam dengan interval waktu 6 jam. Jumlah cacing lisis dan paralisis dicatat setiap 6 jam dan selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan dilanjutkan menggunakan uji Man Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya efek antelmintik dari ekstrak etanol daun pinang yaki terhadap cacing gelang (Ascaris lumbricoides) secara in vitro. Kata kunci      : Antelmintik, Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pinang Yaki, Areca vestiaria, Ascaris lumbricoides

scholarly journals EFEK EKSTRAK ETHANOL DAUN KELOR (MORINGA OLEIFERA) TERHADAP PROTEKSI FUNGSI HATI DAN HISTOPATOLOGI TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) YANG DIINDUKSI KARBONTETRAKLORIDA (CCL4)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Siti Hardiyanti Nawir ◽  
Peter Kabo ◽  
Ilhamjaya Pattelongi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstrak Kerusakan hati menjadi salah satu penyakit dengan prevalensi yang tinggi khususnya di negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat adanya efek ekstrak ethanol daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap proteksi fungsi hati dan histopatologi tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi karbontetraklorida (ccl4). serta menentukan dosis efektif dari kombinasi tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratorium menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain post test only control group pada tikus wistar. Tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol positif (ekstrak kurkuma), kontrol pembanding (NaCMC 1%) dan 3 kelompok pemberian ekstrak dengan 3 variasi dosis masing-masing 250 mg/kgBB, 500 mg/kgBB dan 750 mg/kgBB. Dilakukan pengamatan terhadap uji profil kimia darah yang meliputi SGOT dan SGPT serta dilanjutkan dengan uji histopatologi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan perubahan hasil pengukuran darah fungsi hati (SGOT dan SGPT) antar kelompok selama 8 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan perubahan hasil pengukuran profil kimia darah antar kelompok selama perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil uji one way ANOVA pada pengukuran SGOT dan SGPT terdapat hasil tes bermakna (P<0,05). Hasil uji histopatologi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbaikan fungsi dan struktur hati pada kelompok pemberian ekstrak etanol daun kelor. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) memiliki kemampuan sebagai hepatoprotektor terhadap fungsi hati pada dosis 750 mg/kgBB. Abstract Liver damage is one of the diseases with high prevalence especially in developing countries. This study aims to see the effect of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on liver function protection and histopathology of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) induced by carbontetrachloride (CCl4). and determine the effective dose of the combination. This research was conducted experimentally using a laboratory experimental method with a post test only control group design in wistar rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups, namely the positive control group (curkuma extract), comparative control (NaCMC 1%) and 3 groups giving extracts with 3 variations of each dose of 250 mg / kgBB, 500 mg / kgBB and 750 mg / kgBB. Observations were made on the blood chemistry profile test which included SGOT and SGPT and continued with histopathological testing. The results showed that there were differences in changes in the results of liver function blood measurements (SGOT and SGPT) between groups for 8 days. The results showed that there were differences in changes in the measurement results of blood chemistry profiles between groups during treatment. Based on the results of the one way ANOVA test on SGOT and SGPT measurements there were significant test results (P <0.05). The results of histopathological tests showed that there was an improvement in liver function and structure in the group given ethanol extract of kelor leaves. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves has the ability as a hepatoprotector of liver function at a dose of 750 mg / kgBB.

scholarly journals The Effect of Haramounting Leaf Ethanol Extract (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) on the Number of Leukocyte Type and Histology of Mice Pulmo (Mus Musculus L.) Exposed to Electronic Cigarette

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1750-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syafruddin Ilyas ◽  
Finn Murdella ◽  
Salomo Hutahaean ◽  
Putri Cahaya Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Anatomy Laboratory ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

BACKGROUND: Haramonting leaves have a large antioxidant activity as inhibitors oxidation and form non-free radical compounds that are not reactive and relatively stable. Electronic smoking is a choice who slowly want to quit conventional smoking.AIM: This research aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract on hard mounting leaves on leukocyte counts and histology Pulmo on male mice exposed to an electronic cigarette.METHODS: The samples used in this study were healthy male mice aged 8-11 weeks and weight of 25-30 g as many as 25 individuals and ethanol extracts of hard mounting leaves with a dose of 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW and 300 mg/kgBW. Blood tests were carried out at the Health Laboratory of North Sumatra Office, and the preparation of Pulmo histology was carried out at the Pathology and Anatomy Laboratory of Adam Malik General Hospital MedanRESULT: There were significant differences between the control group and all of the treatment groups in the number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils. There was a tendency that electronic cigarette smoke could cause damage to pulmo tissue.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the ethanol extract of hard mounting leaves could help the immune system in mice exposed to an electronic cigarette.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Buah Masisin (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Wight) terhadap Frekuensi, Konsistensi, dan Durasi Diare pada Hewan Coba Mencit Putih Jantan (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Oleum Ricini

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Angeline Novia Toemon ◽  
Austin Bertilova Carmelita ◽  
Astri Widiarti ◽  
Dian Mutiasari
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

People in Central Borneo which is often used to treat diarrhea is the fruit of masisin (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Wight) with active compounds which are capable to treat diarrhea such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. Diarrhea is a defecate with a liquid or half-liquid feces, the content of water in a feces is more than usual, it is more than 200 g or 200 ml / 24 hours. To know the effectiveness of the extract of the fruit of masisin as an alternative to antidiarrheal treatment seen from the frequency, duration, and consistency of feces in male white mice (Mus musculus). This study design was a true experimental design with post-test control group design with 5 treatments for each group. This study started by making some extracts of Masisin fruit. Followed observation with 5 treatment groups animals. The induction of diarrhea was using oleum ricini, with aquadest as the negative control, and Loperamide HCL as the positive control. The dose of ethanol extracts of masisin fruit divided into 0.3 mg/g BW, 0.6 mg/g BW and 1.2 mg/g BW, all of the treatments were given orally. This study data was statistically analyzed with one way ANOVA. The results of one way ANOVA test showed that the value of p <0,05 meaning that there is the influence of EEBM on frequency, consistency and duration of diarrhea at doses 0.3 mg/g BW, 0.6 mg/g BW and 1.2 mg/Gbw. Based on observations ethanol extracts of masisin fruit had antidiarrheal effect at doses 0,3 mg/g BW, 0.6 mg/g BW and 1.2 mg/g BW in male white mice (Mus musculus).

scholarly journals The Administration of Orange Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Extract Increases Sperm Consentration, Mortility and Viability in Male Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Sains Medika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Lintang Laila Rizqy ◽  
Nor Anisatun Nida ◽  
Dwi Ayu Noviana ◽  
Taufiqurrachman Nasihun ◽  
Eni Widayati
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Post Hoc

Pendahuluan: Ipomoea batatas L (IPL) mengandung antioksidan betakaroten, vitamin C, dan vitamin E. Rokok mengandung ROS yang terbukti menurunkan kualitas spermatozoa. Tujuan: untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian IPL dapat memperbaiki jumlah, motilitas, dan viabilitas spermatozoa yang dipapar asap rokok. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dengan post test only control group design, sebanyak 30 ekor mencit jantan, dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Kelompok normal (Nor-G), tidak ada interfensi; Kelompok kontrol negative (Neg-G), hanya dipapar asap rokok; Kelompok kontrol positif (Pos-G), hanya mendapat ekstrak IPL 16 mg/ml; Kelompok IPL-15, IPL-16, dan IPL-17, masing-masing dipapar asap rokok dan mendapat ekstrak IPL 15 mg/ml, 16 mg/ml dan 17 mg/ml.  Hasil: hasil uji Post Hoc LSD menunjukkan bahwa jumlah sperma pada IPL-15, IPL-16, dan IPL-17, lebih tinggi bermakna dibanding Neg-G, p < 0.05 dan lebih rendah dibanding Nor-G dan Pos-G, p < 0.05. Demikian pula dengan persentase viabilitas sperma. Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan bahwa persentase motilitas sperma pada IPL-15, IPL-16, dan IPL-17, lebih tinggi bermakna dibanding Neg-G, p < 0.05. Sedangkan dibanding Nor-G dan Pos-G persentase motilitas sperma pada IPL-15, IPL-16, dan IPL-17, tidak berbeda bermakna, p > 0.05. Kesimpulan:  pemberian ekstrak ubi jalar jingga dapat meningkatkan jumlah, motilitas, dan viabilitas spermatozoa mencit jantan yang dipapar asap rokok.                       

scholarly journals The Effect of Co-Administration of Telang Leaves Ethanolic Extract Towards Fluoxetin’s Sedative Effect on Male Balb/C Mice Based on Sleeping Duration Parameter

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Anif Nur Artanti ◽  
Maria Ulfah
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Sleep Analysis ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

One of Telang plant’s advantages is its activity as sedative agent. Previous studies indicate that Telang plant has anticonvulsant activity on mice at certain dose. This study was conducted to find out the sedative effect of Telang plant, particularly its leaf, when being co-administered with fluoxetin. Phytochemical analysis was carried out qualitatively on Telang ethanolic extract leaves (TEE) to find out the content of chemical compound first.This study was an experimental research with post-test only control group design, employing male balb/c mice. The effect of Telang ethanolic extract co-administration with fluoxetin was observed. The parameter being used in the study was the duration of sleep. Analysis was done by comparing mice sleeping duration prior to administration of fluoxetin alone and in combination with Telang ethanolic extract. The data was then analyzed using SPSS 17.0 for Windows.The results showed that TEE contained tannin, saponin, and flavonoid compounds, and co-administration of TEE and fluoxetin at various doses could provide sedative effect on mice. The co-administration of 400 mg/kgBW extract and 15 mg/kgBW fluoxetin could provide the mean sleeping duration 43 minutes longer than positive control.Keywords:  telang leaves ethanol extract, fluoxetin, sleeping duration

scholarly journals Effectivity Test of 96% from Soe (Citrus sinensis L.) Sweet Orange Rind Ethanol Extract as Biolarvaside

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Kuntum Ekawati Nurdin ◽  
Loisa Ratna Yuvita Olla ◽  
Stefany Febiand Feoh ◽  
Anita Dwi Putri Galla ◽  
Khusnul Dwi Istnaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Orange Fruit

One of the plants that can be used as larvicides is sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Sweet orange rind containing saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids have a characteristic of aromatic odor and bitter taste which contain 96% essential oils containing limonene, glucoside, hesperidium, and resin that can function as biolarvasides. The Regency of the Middle East South is one of the areas in Indonesia which is known as the center of sweet orange. Soe sweet orange fruit has a distinctive color, aroma, and taste compared to other oranges in Indonesia. The objectives of this study are to discover the effectiveness of the orange rind extract in killing the Aedes aegypti larvae and to identify the minimum concentration of the extract of the sweet, dry rind in killing the larvae. This type of research is experimental post-test only control group design. This research was conducted at the Health Analyst laboratory of Kupang Poltekkes (Health Polytechnic) in January 2019. The third (III) instar larvae were placed in 5 vials, each containing 15 larvae. The total number of samples needed was 375 larvae. It was mixed with 15 ml of Soe sweet orange rind with a concentration of 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%. One-Way Anova test results obtained sig p-value=0,000 (p<0.05), meaning that there is an influence of sweet orange rind ethanol extract on the death of larvae or orange rind extract is effective as a natural insecticide. Significant values ​​were obtained for all concentrations p=0.008 (p> 0.05) meaning that there was an average difference of each concentration. The conclusion of the study shows that the ethanol extract of sweet orange rind (Citrus sinensis L.) is effective in killing Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae with a minimum concentration of ethanol extract sweet orange rind (Citrus sinensis L.) which can kill 0.075% of larvae.

scholarly journals Ethanol Extract of Carica papaya Leaf Can Increase Breast Milk in Lactating Rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 520-526
Author(s):  
Yanti Herawati ◽  
Umi Kalsum ◽  
I Wayan Arsana Wiyasa ◽  
Lelly Yuniarti ◽  
Teguh Wahju Sardjono
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Post Test

BACKGROUND: Carica papaya leaves (Carica papaya L) have been used empirically and traditionally as a galactogogue, but their mechanism as galactogogue is still unknown. AIM: This study aimed to analyze the effect of ethanol extract from papaya leaves on blood prolactin levels, prolactin receptor (prlr) gene expression, the number of breast alveoli and lobes of lactating rats. METHODS: This in vivo true experimental study with a post-test control group design was conducted on 24 rats with the same lactating period. They were divided into four groups consisting of six rats each. The control group was given daily standard food, whereas the three treatment groups were, respectively, given additionally ethanol extract of 0.95 mg, 1.9 mg, and 3.8 mg/200 g BW/day from day 1 to day 14 of lactation. On day 14, all of the rats were sacrificed, blood prolactin levels were measured by ELISA, prlr gene expressions were measured using RT-PCR, and numbers of breast alveoli and lobes were microscopically observed through staining histological specimens. A statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, Games–Howell test, and path analysis at 95% confidence level. RESULTS: Levels of blood prolactin levels, prlr gene expression, the number of breast alveoli, and lobes of all treatment rat groups were significantly above those of the control group (p < 0.05). The increases of all parameters were consistent; the most effective dose was 1.9 mg/200 g BW. CONCLUSION: The Carica papaya leaf ethanol extract had a galactogogue effect on lactating rats by increasing blood prolactin levels, prlr gene expression, and numbers number of breast alveoli and lobes.

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