scholarly journals Impact of Heat on the Different Stages of the Production of Local Beer “Tchoukoutou” Made from Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1359-1365
Author(s):  
Adjo Cynthia Kouakou ◽  
Agbékonyi Kokou Agbodan ◽  
Kwami Lumo Awaga ◽  
Awèdéou Bakpo ◽  
Eyawèdeou Yelegue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
C 30

Tchoukoutou is a local alcoholic drink made from sorghum. The optimization and good quality of this drink depend on certain factors such as temperature that were the subject of our work. To carry out this study, we have set ourselves the general objective of structuring the production of Tchoukoutou. Specifically, the study aims to systematize the cooking of the wort, to verify the properties of the beer through tests and to produce a quality drink. An investigation was made on the influence of temperature on sorghum germination and wort cooking. The study of the effect of temperature on the germination of sorghum was carried out. It concerned four different temperature levels which are: 23 ° C, 26 ° C, 30 ° C and 35 ° C. A study of the influence of temperature on brewing was done with different varieties of sorghum and also at different temperature ranges: 78 ° C, 83 ° C, 89 ° C, and 92 ° C. The results showed that the ideal germination temperature is 30 ° C and for brewing it is 78 ° C. The soaking time during germination, for a good germination rate, is between 16h and 26h. In conclusion, the temperature factor is a parameter that should not be overlooked when making Tchoukoutou. Our study thus made will serve as a basis for subsequent studies in the same direction to achieve a standardized industrial production of Tchoukoutou.

The effect of temperature on high-resolution TEM image contrast

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
T. Geipel ◽  
W. Mader ◽  
P. Pirouz
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Waller Factor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Debye Waller Factor ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Atomic Form Factor

Temperature affects both elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons in a crystal. The Debye-Waller factor, B, describes the influence of temperature on the elastic scattering of electrons, whereas the imaginary part of the (complex) atomic form factor, fc = fr + ifi, describes the influence of temperature on the inelastic scattering of electrons (i.e. absorption). In HRTEM simulations, two possible ways to include absorption are: (i) an approximate method in which absorption is described by a phenomenological constant, μ, i.e. fi; - μfr, with the real part of the atomic form factor, fr, obtained from Hartree-Fock calculations, (ii) a more accurate method in which the absorptive components, fi of the atomic form factor are explicitly calculated. In this contribution, the inclusion of both the Debye-Waller factor and absorption on HRTEM images of a (Oll)-oriented GaAs crystal are presented (using the EMS software.Fig. 1 shows the the amplitudes and phases of the dominant 111 beams as a function of the specimen thickness, t, for the cases when μ = 0 (i.e. no absorption, solid line) and μ = 0.1 (with absorption, dashed line).

Research on dynamic characteristics of gear system considering the influence of temperature on material performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 107754632110026
Author(s):  
Zhou Sun ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Xuan Tao ◽  
Zehua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Gear System ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Meshing Stiffness ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Under high-speed and heavy-load conditions, the influence of temperature on the gear system is extremely important. Basically, the current work on the effect of temperature mostly considers the flash temperature or the overall temperature field to cause expansion at the meshing point and then affects nonlinear factors such as time-varying meshing stiffness, which lead to the deterioration of the dynamic transmission. This work considers the effect of temperature on the material’s elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio and relates the temperature to the time-varying meshing stiffness. The effects of temperature on the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio are expressed as functions and brought into the improved energy method stiffness calculation formula. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the gear system are analyzed. With the bifurcation diagram, phase, Poincaré, and fast Fourier transform plots of the gear system, the influence of temperature on the nonlinear dynamics of the gear system is discussed. The numerical analysis results show that as the temperature increases, the dynamic response of the system in the middle-speed region gradually changes from periodic motion to chaos.

Flow Behaviors of High Acyl Gellan Aqueous Solutions as Affected by Temperature, and Calcium and Gellan Concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Huang ◽  
Pawan Singh Takhar ◽  
Juming Tang ◽  
Barry G Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Rheological Behaviors ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Rheological behaviors of high acyl (HA) gellan are not well understood partially because of its relatively late commercialization compared to low acyl gellan. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature (5-30 °C), calcium (0, 1 and 10 mM) and gellan concentrations (0.0044-0.1000% w/v) on the flow behaviors of high acyl gellan aqueous solutions using rheological tests. Gellan solutions with 0 or 1 mM added Ca++ exhibited shear thinning behavior at gellan concentrations above 0.0125%. The influence of temperature on apparent viscosity (shear rate, 100 s-1) of gellan solutions can be described with an Arrhenius relationship. The apparent viscosity of gellan solution at low concentrations was more sensitive to temperature changes. The addition of Ca++ led to a decrease in flow resistance for a dilute gellan solution (<0.0125%), but an increased resistance for a relatively concentrated gellan solution (>0.0125%).

scholarly journals pH of exudate test in the physiological quality of crambe seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charline Zaratin Alves ◽  
Lennis Afraire Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Henrique Queiroz Rego ◽  
Josué Bispo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
C 30

ABSTRACT: Crambe is a rapeseed with high oil content and can be used as a winter cover or as a source of raw material for the production of biodiesel, however espite the growing interest in the culture, research on the subject is still incipient, especially concerning the seed production and analysis technology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physiological quality of crambe seeds, 'FMS Brilhante' cultivar, by testing the pH of exudate. Five seed lots were submitted to the determination of water content and the tests of germination and vigor (first count, emergence and tetrazolium). In the conduction of pH exudate test, temperatures (25 and 30oC), and periods of seed imbibition in water (15, 30 and 45 minutes) were tested. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized manner, with four replicates, and the mean values were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability; Pearson correlation between the pH of the exudate and initial tests was also made. Testing the pH of exudate is promising for separating lots of crambe seeds and the following combinations of 25°C/30 minutes or 30°C/45 minutes can be used.

Temperature induced phase transition in fluorescence active zein nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Charlie Joe Croxford ◽  
Rajpreet Kaur ◽  
Kultar Singh ◽  
Mandeep Singh Bakshi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Controlled Precipitation

Stable colloidal zein nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using controlled precipitation method. They were made fluorescence active by incorporating a small amount of fluorescence quinolinium surfactant. The incorporation of fluorescence surfactant provided both the colloidal stability and the fluorescence ability to determine the phase transition in zein NPs under the effect of temperature variation. Maintaining colloidal stability under the effect of temperature variation is an essential aspect of zein NPs applicability as a source of vegetarian protein supplement in different food suspensions. Different techniques such as fluorescence, DLS size, zeta potential, and FTIR measurements were applied to determine the influence of temperature on the colloidal stability of zein NPs. Zein NPs undergo phase transition well above room temperature while maintaining their size in nanometer range, and the phase transition temperature decreased with the amount of zein used in the synthesis of zein NPs. The results highlighted the potential use of zein NPs as a vegetarian supplement protein in different food products.

Effect of Temperature on the Predator, (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocordiae) Feeding on Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon.) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
W Islam ◽  
KN Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Cryptolestes Pusillus

Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) is one of the dominant predators of many stored product insect pest including Cryptolestes pusillus. The influence of temperature on predator development, survival and some selected life history parameters was determined. Eggs laid/female (27.27±2.52) and egg hatching rate (%) (88.25±2.19) were highest at 30°C and lowest at 20°C (5.43±1.19 and 30.79±4.63%) respectively but no eggs laid at 15°C. Mortality among immature stages (%) was highest (51.71±1.48) at 35°C and lowest (24.25c±1.14) at 25°C. Developmental times decreasing with the increasing of temperature. Maximum numbers of progeny/female/day (3.55±0.76) were produced at 25°C and minimum (0.83±0.04) were at 20°C.The sex ratios (% female) of X. flavipes were 47.04, 56.68, 51.66 and 50.07 for 20, 25, 30 and 35°C respectively. Survivorship of ovipositing females was highest at 25°C but lowest at 35°C respectively. Key words: Xylocoris flavipes, Cryptolestes pusillus, life history, temperature, developmental time   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2201 J. bio-sci. 15: 41-46, 2007

Effect of Temperature on Crater Formation and Ejecta Composition in Aluminum Alloy Targets

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 768-773
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nishida ◽  
Koichi Hayashi ◽  
Junichi Nakagawa ◽  
Yoshitaka Ito
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Crater Formation ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The influence of temperature on crater formation and ejecta composition in thick aluminum alloy targets were investigated for impact velocities ranging from approximately 1.5 to 3.5 km/s using a two-stage light-gas gun. The diameter and depth of the crater increased with increasing temperature. The ejecta size at low temperature was slightly smaller than that at high temperature and room temperature. Temperature did not affect the size ratio of ejecta. The scatter diameter of the ejecta at high temperature was slightly smaller than those at low and room temperatures.

Investigating the influence of temperature on electrospinning of polycaprolactone solutions

e-Polymers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soghra Ramazani ◽  
Mohammad Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe present work shows the effect of temperature on successfully obtained uniform electrospun poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers, with specific attention to the molecular orientation and diameter of nanofibers. Experiments were performed at temperatures (T) of 25°, 35°, and 45°C, and at PCL concentrations (w) of 12, 16, and 20 wt.%. Scanning electron microscopy provided the morphology of electrospun fibers and quantified their diameters. Elevated temperature for all PCL concentrations yielded a viscosity that allows for easier stretching of the jet to obtain a smaller diameter for fibers. A minimum size of the fiber diameter (close to 100 nm) was achieved for the set point T=45°C and w=12 and 16 wt.%. Due to the easy stretching of the jet by controlling the elastic property of the solution, a dichroic ratio of 1.62 was accessible for the set point T=35°C and w=12 wt.% from polarized Fourier transform infrared spectra as a factor for the orientation of PCL chains.

scholarly journals The Influence of Temperature on Changes in the Distinguishing Features of the Usable Quality of Soybean Meal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
Beata Drzewieniecka ◽  
Jan Drzewieniecki ◽  
Miroslav Blatnický
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Abstract Soybean meal is one of the fodder components. It is a by-product of the production of soybean oil. Soybean meal is a specific cargo due to changes that may occur in it during transport processes. These changes are subject to many distinguishing features of usable quality inter alia fat and fatty acid content. The temperature and size of the soybean meal particles are among the factors influencing the transformations. The article presents the results of research on soybean meal and its individual fractions and the impact of selected indicators on the quality changes of this cargo. The results depend on the conditions corresponding to those that occur during the storage, handling and transport processes. The dependencies between them have been determined. The performed research allowed to determine the type and scope of changes taking place in this cargo under the influence of temperature. The results of the study showed that as the temperature rises, the fatty acid content in the soybean meal decreased during storage for a given period of 30 days.

COLOUR OF MEAT: II. EFFECT OF DESICCATION ON THE COLOUR OF CURED PORK

1939 ◽  
Vol 17d (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

In the absence of air, a linear relation, independent of temperature, was observed between moisture loss and colour change. The change was mainly one of intensity, and was reversible. In air, irrespective of its humidity, changes in both intensity and quality of colour occurred, but no definite relation was found between changes in humidity and colour quality for different samples. In saturated air, intensity changes became complete in the early part of the storage period, but the enhanced changes in air of lower humidity continued to increase. No influence of temperature on the rate of colour change was observed in dry air or in air of 60% relative humidity.

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