Comparison Between Interaction of Hydrophobic-anionic and Hydrophobic-cationic Mixed Micellar System with Drug Ciprofloxacin

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1376-1386
Author(s):  
V.C. Ezhilrani ◽  
Vigneshwari. R ◽  
Sasmita Dash
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Mixed Micelle ◽  
Mixed Micelles ◽  
Micellar System ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Bromide ◽  
Micellar Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infrared Studies ◽  
The Individual

The interaction studies of drug ciprofloxacin with two mixed micellar systems are reported. The mixed micelles comprise a nonionic hydrophobic surfactant, pluronic L-81, an anionic surfactant, Ammonium dodecyl sulfate (ADS); and a cationic surfactant, Cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB). The various combinations chosen were L-81-ADS and L-81-CPB. The properties of both the mixed micelles were compared. Spectrophotometric, conductometric, co-solvent effect, and Infrared studies were used for the investigations. The studies were carried out in a wide range of mixed micellar concentrations in the post micellar region of the individual surfactants. The solubilization of drug CPX in the L-81-ADS was higher than that in L-81-CPB mixed micelle, as evidenced by UV studies. Ethanol and ethylene glycol were found to be effective co-solvents for both the mixed micellar systems. The conductivity studies of CPX with ADS and CPB surfactants, displayed a higher value of conductance for CPX and ADS, from 0.37µs-1 to 0.74µs-1 compared to CPX and CPB. The drug-mixed micelle displayed a higher molecular weight complex formation as seen from the IR spectra.

Rate enhancements for the nickel(II)–PADA complexation in mixed anionic micelles

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1594-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. I. Fletcher ◽  
Joanne R. Hicks ◽  
Vincent C. Reinsborough
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Mixed Micelle ◽  
Mixed Micelles ◽  
Sodium Dodecylsulfate ◽  
Electrostatic Forces ◽  
Rate Enhancement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Micellar Systems ◽  
Sodium Decylsulfate ◽  
Anionic Micelles

Rate enhancements for the [Formula: see text] and pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline (PADA) reaction have been obtained in four simple equimolar binary micellar systems: sodium dodecylsulfate – sodium decylsulfate, sodium dodecylsulfate – sodium octylsulfate, sodium octylsulfate – sodium hexylsulfate, and sodium octylsulfate – sodium octanesulfonate. The rate enhancement curves were similar to those obtained for pure surfactants and were consistent with a 1:1 mixed micelle except for the third system where the micelle was richer in sodium octylsulfate. The kinetic analysis revealed no dramatic changes in hydrophobic or electrostatic forces on forming the mixed micelles

scholarly journals STUDY OF COMPLEX FORMATION OF Co (II) WITH TRIGLYCINE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. N. Bychkova ◽  
Galina G. N. Gorboletova ◽  
Kseniya O. N. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Potentiometric Titration ◽  
Stability Constants ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complexing Properties

Peptides are an extensive class of both natural and synthetic organic compounds, many of which have high and diverse physiological activity. The relevance of the study of the complexing properties of tripeptides is determined by the large value of these compounds in biological processes, since peptides are a simplified fragment of proteins and are widely used in various sectors of the pharmaceutical industry. One of the representatives of low molecular weight tripeptides is glycyl-glycyl-glycine. In this work, the complex formation of triglycine with Co2+ ions at 298.15 K and I = 0.2 mol/l (KNO3) was studied by potentiometric titration. The study of the complexing properties of triglycine with Co2+ was carried out by the method of potentiometric titration with the ratios M:L = 1:1, 1:2, 1:5. For processing the experimental data, the universal program PHMETR was used, designed to calculate equilibrium constants with an arbitrary number of reactions from the measured equilibrium concentration of one of the particles. The existence of CoL, CoH-1L, CoL2 CoH-2L22–, CoL3–, CoH-3L34– complexes was established. Their stability constants were determined. And the probable structures of the resulting complexes were proposed. The results of this study show that the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the peptide group are involved in the processes of interaction between Co(II) and triglycine. This significantly changes the thermodynamics of the complex formation of short peptides in comparison with amino acids. The stability constants of cobalt (II) triglycinates obtained in this work allow one to carry out mathematical modeling of equilibria in multicomponent solutions, to predict the behavior of systems in a wide range of concentrations and pH. They can form the basis for generalizations concerning the structure and behavior of low molecular weight peptides in solution, and used for further studies, including calorimetric ones.

THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G. Bubyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process.  The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

Anion effect on alkali ion-crown complex formation in a moderately concentrated solutions: A sensitive probe of hidden interionic interactions operating in dissociating protic solvents

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1149-1161
Author(s):  
Jiří Závada ◽  
Václav Pechanec ◽  
Oldřich Kocián
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Macrocyclic Ligand ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Anion Effect ◽  
Protic Solvents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Alkali Salts ◽  
Alkali Ion

A powerful anion effect destabilizing alkali ion-crown complex formation has been found to operate in moderately concentrated protic (H2O, CH3OH, C2H5OH) solution, following the order HO- > AcO- > Cl- > Br- > NO3- > I- > NCS-. Evidence is provided that the observed effect does not originate from ion-pairing. A simple explanation is provided in terms of concordant hydrogen bond bridges of exalted stability between the gegenions, M+···OR-H···(OR-H)n···OR-H···A-. It is proposed that encapsulation of alkali ion by the macrocyclic ligand leads to a dissipation of the cation charge density destroying its ability to participate in the hydrogen bond bridge. An opposition against the alkali ion-crown complex formation arises accordingly in the solution in dependence on strength of the hydrogen bridge; for a given cation, the hydrogen bond strength increases with increasing anion charge density from NCS- to HO-(RO-). It is pointed out, at the same time, that the observed anion effect does not correlate with the known values of activity coefficients of the individual alkali salts which are almost insensitive to anion variation under the investigated conditions. As a resolution of the apparent paradoxon it is proposed that, in absence of the macrocyclic ligand, the stabilizing (concordant) bonding between the gegenions is nearly balanced by a destabilizing (discordant) hydrogen bonding between the ions of same charge (co-ions). Intrinsic differences among the individual salts are thus submerged in protic solvents and become apparent only when the concordant bonding is suppressed in the alkali ion-crown complex formation.

Punk as Folk: Continuities and Tensions in the UK and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Dale
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
Living Tradition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Numerous claims have been made by a wide range of commentators that punk is somehow “a folk music” of some kind. Doubtless there are several continuities. Indeed, both tend to encourage amateur music-making, both often have affiliations with the Left, and both emerge at least partly from a collective/anti-competitive approach to music-making. However, there are also significant tensions between punk and folk as ideas/ideals and as applied in practice. Most obviously, punk makes claims to a “year zero” creativity (despite inevitably offering re-presentation of at least some existing elements in every instance), whereas folk music is supposed to carry forward a tradition (which, thankfully, is more recognized in recent decades as a subject-to-change “living tradition” than was the case in folk’s more purist periods). Politically, meanwhile, postwar folk has tended more toward a socialist and/or Marxist orientation, both in the US and UK, whereas punk has at least rhetorically claimed to be in favor of “anarchy” (in the UK, in particular). Collective creativity and competitive tendencies also differ between the two (perceived) genre areas. Although the folk scene’s “floor singer” tradition offers a dispersal of expressive opportunity comparable in some ways to the “anyone can do it” idea that gets associated with punk, the creative expectation of the individual within the group differs between the two. Punk has some similarities to folk, then, but there are tensions, too, and these are well worth examining if one is serious about testing out the common claim, in both folk and punk, that “anyone can do it.”

scholarly journals The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 Transcription Factor Is Involved in the Multiple Stress Tolerance to Heat and Drought in Rice Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7181
Author(s):  
Seong-Im Park ◽  
Hyeok Jin Kwon ◽  
Mi Hyeon Cho ◽  
Ji Sun Song ◽  
Beom-Gi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Multiple Stress Tolerance

The AP2/EREBP family transcription factors play important roles in a wide range of stress tolerance and hormone signaling. In this study, a heat-inducible rice ERF gene was isolated and functionally characterized. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 was categorized to Group-IIIc of the rice AP2/EREBP family and strongly induced by heat and drought treatment. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 protein targeted to nuclei and suppressed the ABA-induced transcriptional activation of Rab16A promoter in rice protoplasts. Overexpression of OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 enhanced thermotolerance of seeds and vegetative growth stage plants. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 overexpressing (OE) plants exhibited higher proline level and increased expression of a proline biosynthesis P5CS1 gene. Phenotyping of water use dynamics of the individual plant indicates that the OsERF115/AP2EREBP110-OE plant exhibited better water saving traits under heat and drought combined stress. Our combined results suggest the potential use of OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 as a candidate gene for genetic engineering approaches to develop heat and drought stress-tolerant crops.

scholarly journals Entangling Lattice-Trapped Bosons with a Free Impurity: Impact on Stationary and Dynamical Properties

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Maxim Pyzh ◽  
Kevin Keiler ◽  
Simeon I. Mistakidis ◽  
Peter Schmelcher
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
Particle Level ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Tunneling Dynamics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Trapped Bosons

We address the interplay of few lattice trapped bosons interacting with an impurity atom in a box potential. For the ground state, a classification is performed based on the fidelity allowing to quantify the susceptibility of the composite system to structural changes due to the intercomponent coupling. We analyze the overall response at the many-body level and contrast it to the single-particle level. By inspecting different entropy measures we capture the degree of entanglement and intraspecies correlations for a wide range of intra- and intercomponent interactions and lattice depths. We also spatially resolve the imprint of the entanglement on the one- and two-body density distributions showcasing that it accelerates the phase separation process or acts against spatial localization for repulsive and attractive intercomponent interactions, respectively. The many-body effects on the tunneling dynamics of the individual components, resulting from their counterflow, are also discussed. The tunneling period of the impurity is very sensitive to the value of the impurity-medium coupling due to its effective dressing by the few-body medium. Our work provides implications for engineering localized structures in correlated impurity settings using species selective optical potentials.

scholarly journals A Tale of Odds and Ratios: Political Preference Formation in Postindustrial Democracies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wineroither ◽  
Rudolf Metz
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Preference Formation ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis report surveys four approaches that are pivotal to the study of preference formation: (a) the range, validity, and theoretical foundations of explanations of political preferences at the individual and mass levels, (b) the exploration of key objects of preference formation attached to the democratic political process (i.e., voting in competitive elections), (c) the top-down vs. bottom-up character of preference formation as addressed in leader–follower studies, and (d) gene–environment interaction and the explanatory weight of genetic predisposition against the cumulative weight of social experiences.In recent years, our understanding of sites and processes of (individual) political-preference formation has substantially improved. First, this applies to a greater variety of objects that provide fresh insight into the functioning and stability of contemporary democracy. Second, we observe the reaffirmation of pivotal theories and key concepts in adapted form against widespread challenge. This applies to the role played by social stratification, group awareness, and individual-level economic considerations. Most of these findings converge in recognising economics-based explanations. Third, research into gene–environment interplay rapidly increases the number of testable hypotheses and promises to benefit a wide range of approaches already taken and advanced in the study of political-preference formation.

scholarly journals Design of Personalized Devices—The Tradeoff between Individual Value and Personalization Workload

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Juliane Kuhl ◽  
Andreas Ding ◽  
Ngoc Tuan Ngo ◽  
Andres Braschkat ◽  
Jens Fiehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
New Method ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Value

Personalized medical devices adapted to the anatomy of the individual promise greater treatment success for patients, thus increasing the individual value of the product. In order to cater to individual adaptations, however, medical device companies need to be able to handle a wide range of internal processes and components. These are here referred to collectively as the personalization workload. Consequently, support is required in order to evaluate how best to target product personalization. Since the approaches presented in the literature are not able to sufficiently meet this demand, this paper introduces a new method that can be used to define an appropriate variety level for a product family taking into account standardized, variant, and personalized attributes. The new method enables the identification and evaluation of personalizable attributes within an existing product family. The method is based on established steps and tools from the field of variant-oriented product design, and is applied using a flow diverter—an implant for the treatment of aneurysm diseases—as an example product. The personalization relevance and adaptation workload for the product characteristics that constitute the differentiating product properties were analyzed and compared in order to determine a tradeoff between customer value and personalization workload. This will consequently help companies to employ targeted, deliberate personalization when designing their product families by enabling them to factor variety-induced complexity and customer value into their thinking at an early stage, thus allowing them to critically evaluate a personalization project.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document