The Authentic and Ideal Activist Identities: Having the ‘Right’ Motivation and Doing ‘Enough’ of the ‘Right’ Type of Activism

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-152
Author(s):  
Emma Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Shared Meanings ◽  
Online Activism ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The Right ◽  
Main Construction ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter explores the ways in which the activist identity is constructed and negotiated within local anti-austerity activist culture. It begins by establishing the shared meanings and context-specific nature of the term before discussing in more detail the two main constructions of the activist identity present in participants’ narratives. The first identity is the ‘authentic’ activist who has the required lived experiences to possess the authority to speak about certain topics. Having explored barriers that prevent individuals and groups from doing activism under the question of who can do activism in Chapter 5, this chapter considers the question of who should do activism, according to participants. The second main construction of the activist identity that this chapter explores is the ‘ideal activist’, which is defined by the type and amount of activism one does. In order to be considered an ideal activist, individuals must do ‘enough’ of the ‘right’ type of activism (direct action rather than online activism). This chapter demonstrates that the ideal activist identity is underpinned by the distinction participants draw between talking and doing, which feeds into the construction of direct, offline action as the pinnacle of ‘real’ activism versus online ‘slacktivism’. The final section of this chapter interrogates this artificial dichotomy and reveals the enabling features of online activism, as well as the ways in which both forms of activism interact, rather than conflict.

scholarly journals THE IDEAL OF KALOKAGATHIA OF THE TOTALITARIAN AND LIBERAL REGIMES AS A MEANS OF PERSONALITY FORMATION

ScienceRise ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Іryna Kobzieva ◽  
Tetiana Prykhodko ◽  
Tetiana Kunicheva ◽  
Jakub Korolevsky ◽  
Vanika Grover
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

The object of research is the relationship between the state and the individual under totalitarian and liberal regimes. Investigated problem: in the article the concepts of totalitarian and liberal regime is analyzed, their nature and relation are revealed. The characteristics of each of them are considered. It highlights the impact that they have on the ideal of kalokagathia is highlighted. In a society in which the ideas of kalokagathia can be realized, there must be freedom, which is the most important value of the individual. Both directions of democratic thought ‒ totalitarianism and liberalism welcome the higher value of freedom. A person can’t independently distinguish what is good, harmonious for it, and what is evil, it is not able to make competent decisions, it is always under the influence of the outside world and its conditions. Political regimes can be considered to a large extent, as the basic conditions for human existence. In some cases, these conditions can both stimulate a person and suppress it. This can lead to the fact that government agencies of direct action and coercion can make decisions for it or give rise to the right of permissiveness and thought only of oneself. The main scientific results: historically, the state is called upon to realize the protective function of comprehensive harmonious human development (the ideal of kalokagathia) at the national level, but under the conditions of the presented regimes, this process undergoes various transformations and can’t be fully realized and does not correspond to reality. The harmonious development of man is always full of dissonances and struggles of various forces in the human being.

Why Choose Cardiothoracic Surgery as a Career?

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja R. Gopaldas ◽  
Faisal G. Bakaeen ◽  
Danny Chu ◽  
Joseph S. Coselli ◽  
Denton A. Cooley
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Cardiothoracic Surgery ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
New Graduates ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cardiac Surgeon ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cardiac Surgeons ◽  
The Ideal

The future of cardiothoracic surgery faces a lofty challenge with the advancement of percutaneous technology and minimally invasive approaches. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, once a lucrative operation and the driving force of our specialty, faces challenges with competitive stenting and poor reimbursements, contributing to a drop in applicants to our specialty that is further fueled by the negative information that members of other specialties impart to trainees. In the current era of explosive technological progress, the great diversity of our field should be viewed as a source of excitement, rather than confusion, for the upcoming generation. The ideal future cardiac surgeon must be a "surgeon-innovator," a reincarnation of the pioneering cardiac surgeons of the "golden age" of medicine. Equipped with the right skills, new graduates will land high-quality jobs that will help them to mature and excel. Mentorship is a key component at all stages of cardiothoracic training and career development. We review the main challenges facing our specialty�length of training, long hours, financial hardship, and uncertainty about the future, mentorship, and jobs�and we present individual perspectives from both residents and faculty members.

When the State Speaks, What Should It Say?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Brettschneider
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The State ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
New Approach ◽  
State Action ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
Equal Citizenship ◽  
The Ideal

How should a liberal democracy respond to hate groups and others that oppose the ideal of free and equal citizenship? The democratic state faces the hard choice of either protecting the rights of hate groups and allowing their views to spread, or banning their views and violating citizens' rights to freedoms of expression, association, and religion. Avoiding the familiar yet problematic responses to these issues, this book proposes a new approach called value democracy. The theory of value democracy argues that the state should protect the right to express illiberal beliefs, but the state should also engage in democratic persuasion when it speaks through its various expressive capacities: publicly criticizing, and giving reasons to reject, hate-based or other discriminatory viewpoints. Distinguishing between two kinds of state action—expressive and coercive—the book contends that public criticism of viewpoints advocating discrimination based on race, gender, or sexual orientation should be pursued through the state's expressive capacities as speaker, educator, and spender. When the state uses its expressive capacities to promote the values of free and equal citizenship, it engages in democratic persuasion. By using democratic persuasion, the state can both respect rights and counter hateful or discriminatory viewpoints. The book extends this analysis from freedom of expression to the freedoms of religion and association, and shows that value democracy can uphold the protection of these freedoms while promoting equality for all citizens.

Relaxations of Contractual Privity and the Need for Third Party Rights in Chinese Contract Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Lei
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Right Of Action ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Right

This chapter examines the position of third party beneficiaries in Chinese law. Article 64 of the Chinese Contract Law states that where a contract for the benefit of a third party is breached, the debtor is liable to the creditor. The author regards this as leaving unanswered the question of whether the thirdparty has a right of direct action against the debtor. One view regards the third party as having the right to sue for the benefit although this right was ultimately excluded from the law. Another view, supported by the Supreme People’s Court, is that Article 64 does not provide a right of action for a third party and merely prescribes performance in ‘incidental’ third party contracts. The third view is that there is a third party right of action in cases of ‘genuine’ third party contracts but courts are unlikely to recognize a third party action where the contract merely purports to confer a benefit on the third party.

FREE EXPRESSION OR EQUAL SPEECH?

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Bejan
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Classical Liberal ◽  
Freedom Of Thought ◽  
The Right ◽  
Equal Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThe classical liberal doctrine of free expression asserts the priority of speech as an extension of the freedom of thought. Yet its critics argue that freedom of expression, itself, demands the suppression of the so-called “silencing speech” of racists, sexists, and so on, as a threat to the equal expressive rights of others. This essay argues that the claim to free expression must be distinguished from claims to equal speech. The former asserts an equal right to express one’s thoughts without interference; the latter the right to address others, and to receive a hearing and consideration from them, in turn. I explore the theory of equal speech in light of the ancient Athenian practice of isegoria and argue that the equality demanded is not distributive but relational: an equal speaker’s voice should be counted as “on a par” with others. This ideal better captures critics’ concerns about silencing speech than do their appeals to free expression. Insofar as epistemic and status-harms provide grounds for the suppression and exclusion of some speech and speakers, the ideal of equal speech is more closely connected with the freedom of association than of thought. Noticing this draws attention to the continuing—and potentially problematic—importance of exclusion in constituting effective sites of equal speech today.

The Denial of the Right of Return as a Rome Statute Crime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheal G Kearney
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Criminal Court ◽  
Rome Statute ◽  
Final Section ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Trial Chamber ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Right Of Return ◽  
The Right

Abstract In 2018, Pre-Trial Chamber I of the International Criminal Court (ICC) held that conduct preventing the return of members of the Rohingya people to Myanmar could fall within Article 7(1)(k) of the Statute, on the grounds that denial of the right of return constitutes a crime against humanity. No international tribunal has prosecuted this conduct as a discrete violation, but given the significance of the right of return to Palestinians, it can be expected that such an offence would be of central importance should the ICC investigate the situation in Palestine. This comment will review the recognition of this crime against humanity during the process prompted by the Prosecutor’s 2018 Request for a ruling as to the Court’s jurisdiction over trans-boundary crimes in Bangladesh/Myanmar. It will consider the basis for the right of return in general international law, with a specific focus on the Palestinian right of return. The final section will review the elements of the denial of right of return as a crime against humanity, as proposed by the Office of the Prosecutor in its 2019 Request for Authorization of an investigation in Bangladesh/Myanmar.

Unemployment in the Affective Economy: Exploring the Affective Governing of Young Unemployed People in the Danish Welfare State

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-361
Author(s):  
Sabina Pultz
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Governmentality Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract This case study investigates the affective governing of young unemployed people, and it concludes that getting money in the Danish welfare state comes with an “affective price”. In the quest for a job, unemployed people have been increasingly responsibilized in order to live up to the ideal of the active jobseeker. Consequently, when faced with unemployment, they are encouraged to work harder on themselves and their motivation. Based on an interview study with young unemployed people (N=39) and field observations made at employment fund agencies in Denmark (2014–15), I explore how young unemployed people are governed by and through their emotions. By supplementing governmentality studies (Foucault et al. 1988, 2010) with the concept of “affective economy” from Ahmed (2014), I discuss how young unemployed people who receive money from the Danish state are placed in a situation of debt. The paper unfolds how this debt becomes visible as the unemployed people often describe feeling under suspicion for not doing enough, for not being motivated enough. Through an abundance of (pro) activity, they have to prove the suspicion of being lazy wrong, and through managing themselves as active jobseekers, they earn the right to get money from the state. Here motivation, passion and empowerment are key currencies. I discuss the intricate interplay between monetary and affective currencies as well as political implications in the context of the Danish welfare. The article contributes by making visible the importance of taking affective matters into account when investigating the complex relationship between politics and psychology.

scholarly journals Analysis of Non-Idealities on CMOS Passive Mixers

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Antonio D. Martinez-Perez ◽  
Francisco Aznar ◽  
Guillermo Royo ◽  
Santiago Celma
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Image Rejection ◽  
Structure Approach ◽  
Quadrature Scheme ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Image Rejection Ratio ◽  
The Ideal

In the current state of the art, WiFi-alike standards require achieving a high Image Rejection Ratio (IRR) while having low power consumption. Thus, quadrature structures based on passive ring mixers offer an attractive and widely used solution, as they can achieve a high IRR while being a passive block. However, it is not easy for the designer to know when a simple quadrature scheme is enough and when they should aim for a double quadrature structure approach, as the latter can improve the performance at the cost of requiring more area and complexity. This study focuses on the IRR, which crucially depends on the symmetry between the I and Q branches. Non-idealities (component mismatches, parasitics, etc.) will degrade the ideal balance by affecting the mixer and/or following/previous stages. This paper analyses the effect of imbalances, providing the constraints for obtaining a 40 dB IRR in the case of a conversion from a one-hundred-megahertz signal to the five-gigahertz range (upconversion) and vice versa (downconversion) for simple and double quadrature schemes. All simulations were carried out with complete device models from 65 nm standard CMOS technology and also a post-layout Monte Carlo analysis was included for mismatch analysis. The final section includes guidelines to help designers choose the most adequate scheme for each case.

Serotonin stimulates GH secretion through a direct pituitary action: studies in hypophysectomized autografted animals and in perifused pituitaries

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. López ◽  
D. Gónzalez ◽  
E. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Significant Release ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract. To analyze a possible direct action of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) at pituitary level in GH secretion, two experimental models were used: hypophysectomized autografted rats and perifused pituitaries. Adult male rats were hypophysectomized and their own pituitaries placed under the right kidney capsule. Ten days later an intra-atrial cannula was inserted. The next day, blood samples were obtained before and every 10 min during a 2 h period after the injection of saline or 5-hydroxytryptamin (1 or 2 mg/kg iv). Plasma volume was replaced with saline. Both doses of 5-hydroxytryptamine elicit a strong release of GH, the effect being dose-dependent. In pituitaries perifused with 5-hydroxytryptamine (100 μm during 115 min or 1, 10 and 100 μm during 15 min), a significant release of GH was also observed. These results suggested that 5-hydroxytryptamine may stimulate GH secretion through a direct pituitary action.

MEMS Challenge: Can This Technology Catch the Internet Lightwave?

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Gilleo
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switch ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Underwater Communications ◽  
Optical Mems ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Micro Bubble ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Final Answer ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract The pundits of the money world tell us to be a “dotcom” or enable them for excitement and rewards. Traffic on the Internet Highway is certainly stepping up the pace as “slow” electrons make way for ultimate-speed photons creating major hardware opportunities. The “Copper Road” has become the “Glass Super Highway” as long-haul terrestrial and underwater communications links move up to Advanced Photonics. Nothing can be faster than light, but more important, no other medium can offer wider bandwidth when wave-multiplexing strategies are used. Photonics, employing dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM) can carry the equivalent of 12,000 encyclopedias or 5-million phone calls on a single fiber. Recent advances in photonics hardware, including higher-powered lasers, more efficient amplifiers and cleaner optical fiber are enabling incredible bandwidth for the Internet and general communications services. But how do we route a light beam? The long-haul segments of the Internet, now mostly fiberoptics, have been converting modulated light to electronic signals, routing with conventional electronic hardware and then re-converting back to light. Yes, O-E-O (Opto-electro-opto) works, but with cost and time-delay penalties. The communications industry has decreed that the double conversion process must go, but what technology will be the replacement? Enter optical MEMS, or MOEMS (micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems). The MOEMS switch/router approach was endorsed by the Internet carrier and hardware industry that paid billions of dollars in 2000 to acquire MEMS companies, some that had not even shipped a product. But what are the issues and are there competing technologies that could win? Micro-mirror technology is at the top of the popularity chart right now. Can MOEMS mirror routers solve cost problems and can they even switch at the rates demanded. What is the ideal mirror switch strategy: binary “off/on” or point-to-light pipe arrays? What about other MEMS approaches such as micro-bubble fluid beam refraction that appears to offer a much simpler construction? Maybe the mechanical devices are only an interim destined to obsolescence by a future solid state optics switch. The optical switch, powered totally by photons, is already in the lab and could be the final answer. This paper will survey MOEMS inside the Internet to seek answers to the billion dollar questions. The focus will be on micro-mirrors and their packaging issues both inside and out. We will deal with selecting the ideal optical MEMS package and choosing the right atmosphere control. Certain in-package contaminants are death to mirrors, but they can be controlled even if generated after the package is sealed. So tune in to find out if MEMS can catch the WAVE!

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