scholarly journals Clientelism and Voting Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Benin

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Wantchekon
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The North ◽  
Registered Voters ◽  
The Impact

The author conducted a field experiment in Benin to investigate the impact of clientelism on voting behavior. In collaboration with four political parties involved in the 2001 presidential elections, clientelist and broad public policy platforms were designed and run in twenty randomly selected villages of an average of 756 registered voters. Using the survey data collected after the elections, the author estimated the effect of each type of message by comparing voting behavior in the villages exposed to clientelism or public policy messages (treatment groups) with voting behavior in the other villages (control groups). The author found that clientelist messages have positive and significant effect in all regions and for all types of candidates. The author also found that public policy messages have a positive and significant effect in the South but a negative and significant effect in the North. In addition, public policy messages seem to hurt incumbents as well as regional candidates. Finally, the evidence indicates that female voters tend to have stronger preference for public policy platforms than male voters.

The Impact of Civil Society on Governance in Lesotho

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Mphonyane Rakhare ◽  
Tania Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Independent Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Democratic Country ◽  
Civil Societies

The article acknowledges that Lesotho governance has been characterised by unstable democracy since its attainment of independence in 1966, which makes civil society and other democratic institutions unable to pursue their roles as expected. The proposed solution to overcome predicaments that Lesotho faces was to have active and vibrant democratic institutions such as civil societies, ombudsman, political parties, independent media, independent electoral commissions and the legislative, executive and judiciary. The article aims to bridge the gap by examining published literature and documentary review, which clearly elucidate how good governance can be achieved in a democratic country with the help of active democratic institutions. The article highlights the importance of active and vibrant civil society in governance and public policy. The article concludes by justifying that in deed the government of Lesotho should accept and allow participation of civil society so as to be able to realise its contribution and the important role played by it. Also, civil society in Lesotho must distance themselves from suspicions that they are political parties in disguise.

The Impact of Candidates’ Negative Traits on Vote Choice in New Democracies: A Test Based on Presidential Elections in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
HeeMin Kim ◽  
Jungho Roh
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Western Democracies

The impact of candidates’ negative traits (CNTs) on voting behavior has received significant attention in election studies in recent decades. However, scholarly efforts have focused primarily on elections in advanced Western democracies, largely overlooking the relationship between candidates’ personal traits and the electorate’s voting behaviors in the context of new democracies. In this study, we fill this gap by investigating the impact of CNTs on the electorate’s vote choices in South Korean presidential elections. Our study of CNTs in South Korea shows that CNTs have statistically significant effects on the electorate’s vote choices. Our findings are particularly relevant because many new democracies are implementing fair and free elections, and the elites under previous authoritarian regimes are running in these elections.

Political Parties and Social Policy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Stonecash
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Party Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Party battles for control of government are seen as efforts to reshape public policy. In prior decades, the impact of parties was limited by divided control of branches of government. The impact of party control was also limited because neither party had a distinctive constituency with clear and different policy goals. Over time, realignment has produced parties with very different electoral bases. Republicans now are more unified and willing to cut government while Democrats are more supportive of government programs. This chapter reviews our expectations of the impact of parties, the changes that have made party control mean more, and how these changes affect policy areas like economic policy, welfare, and health care.

scholarly journals Perubahan kekuatan impak resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dalam perendaman larutan cuka apel

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Suguh Bhaktiar Pribadi ◽  
Moh. Yogiartono ◽  
Titien Hary Agustantina
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Resin Sample ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Impact

Acrylic resin being has been used in dentistry since 1946. Apple vinegar solutioncurrently popular as healthy supplement drink. It consists of tanin (fenol), acid, andother subtances. Fenol and acid are able to chemically damage to acrylic resin. Thepurpose of this study was to investigate the impact strength of heat cured acrylic resinafter immersed in apple vinegar solution. This experiment was carried out on the heatcured acrylic resin sample of size 65 x 10 x 2.5 mm. The immersion periods variedfrom 45 minutes, 11 days, and 17 days. There were 42 samples, divided into 21samples for three treatment groups and 21 samples for three control groups. Theresult showed that there were significant differences of acrylic resin strength afterimmersion in apple vinegar at 45 minutes and 17 days. The conclusion was the longerimmersion time of acrylic resin in apple vinegar would reduce the impact strength.

scholarly journals “Smoke on the beach”: on the use of economic vs behavioral policies to reduce environmental pollution by cigarette littering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gionata Castaldi ◽  
Grazia Cecere ◽  
Mariangela Zoli
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Third ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Proper Disposal

AbstractCigarette filters, the most commonly littered item worldwide, are one of the main sources of marine pollution. However, reducing cigarette littering is a serious challenge for policy makers and environmental authorities: traditional instruments like bans and fines are generally ineffective. In this article, we evaluate the impact of two interventions aimed at reducing smokers’ littering in public areas, like beaches. We run a field experiment at eight beach resorts in the north east coast of Italy. Resorts were randomly assigned to three groups: in the first, we introduced portable ashtrays to test whether smokers respond to the lower effort costs (time plus inconvenience) by disposing of litter properly. In the second set, we added a social cue. The third group of resorts was used as a control with no intervention. Results suggest that reducing the private costs of a proper disposal through mobile ashtrays significantly affects littering, leading to a reduction of 10–12% in the number of cigarette filters dropped in the sand compared to beaches with no ashtrays. Reinforcing this measure with social prompts does not significantly increase the impact driven by the introduction of mobile ashtrays.

scholarly journals Impact of Buprenorphine on Learning and Memory Ability Related to the Acetylcholinesterase Change in the Hippocampus of Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 13111-13114
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

Buprenorphine (BUP), a “synthetic opioid”, may cause memory impairment. This investigation aimed to study the impact of BUP on memory function related to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity inhibition in male rats. 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups; control (C) and two treatment groups BUP (0.3 and 1) (n=8, for each group). BUP (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) was administrated subcutaneously once a day for 30 days. Normal saline 0.9% was injected in to control groups. In the end, animals were anesthetized and decapitated, and their hippocampus was dissected to assess AChE activity. There were no significant differences between the activities of AChE in the hippocampus in BUP-treated animals compared with controls. Besides, the activities of AChE in the BUP 0.3 group and BUP 1 group did not indicate a significant difference. These findings did not confirm the effect of BUP at doses of 0.3 and 1 mg/kg on memory function associated with the AChE activity inhibition.

scholarly journals Empirical Scrutiny of the Usage and Impact of Facebook on the Electoral Process in India: A Concept of the State of Punjab

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2945-2955
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the analysis of the increasing use of Social Media and its participation during the electoral voting in India with context to Punjab. Besides that, to understand the meaning and impact of especially Facebook on elections, we take survey results collected from different people in Punjab and Facebook data related to different political parties. There are numerous challenges when it comes to engaging people during political campaigns. The current findings in literature show us that previous efforts to involve public participation with prior media tools did not meet the full expectations. With Social Media’s indulgence this could change, because engagementof people seems to be the major concept that explains the difference between the impact of old media and ‘new’ Social Media. The survey explains that Social Media seemed to significantly influence voting behavior during the last general elections (2014). And, during the elections (2019) too, politicians with higher Social Media engagement are expecting relatively more votes within most political parties and banking upon Facebook practices. To conclude, we hereby propose a future research framework which studies how political parties take benefit from Facebook to contrive and convalesce the methodologies they follow with their party members, volunteers and general public.

scholarly journals MEDIAN LETHAL CONCENTRATION (LC50) EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata Linn) TERHADAP LARVA Culex sp DI KOTA KUPANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Maria Magdalena Kewa ◽  
Julianty Almet ◽  
Meity Marviana Laut
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Culex Mosquito ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Culex Sp

The Culex mosquito is a species that can creates health problems for humans and animals. The handling efforts of the vector is very important to reduce the impact caused by this vector. One of the plants that has the potential as a larvicide is soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.). This study aims to determine the effect of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) extract on the mortality of Culex sp larvae and LC50 value to killing 50% Culex sp larva. The study was conducted from March to June 2020. This study used 7 treatment groups which 5 groups tested the effectiveness of soursop leaves extract and 2 control groups. The research data was analyzed using the Probit test to determine the LC50. The results showed that soursop leaves extract (Annona muricata L.) was effective in killing Culex sp larvae with LC50 value is 0.736%.

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