scholarly journals Leaf ethanolic extract of Etlingera hemesphaerica Blume mitigates defects in fetal anatomy and endochondral ossification due to mercuric chloride during the post-implantation period in Mus musculus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247467
Author(s):  
Aceng Ruyani ◽  
Eda Kartika ◽  
Deni Parlindungan ◽  
Riza Julian Putra ◽  
Agus Sundaryono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Cervical Dislocation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Implantation Period

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of leaf ethanolic extract of Etlingera hemisphaerica (LE3H) in reducing defects in fetal anatomy and endochondral ossification in mice induced by HgCl2 during the post-implantation period. Pregnant mice were divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 dams, and received drink and food ad libitum. The first group was administered LE3H (E1), the second one HgCl2 (E2), the third one HgCl2+LE3H (E3), and the fourth was control (E0), administered double-distilled water only. HgCl2 (5 mg/kg bw) was administrated by injection intraperitoneally on gestation day (GD)9 and LE3H (0.39 mg/g bw) was administered by gavage on GD10. The treated and control animals were killed by cervical dislocation on GD18, dissected, and the morphologically normal living fetuses (MNLF) were collected. The MNLF of E0, E1, E2, and E3 from 5 dams were fixed with Bouin solution, and observed using the free hand razor blade technique for soft tissue examination. The remaining MNLF were fixed with 96% ethanol, and then stained with Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue for ossification examination. Index of length of ossified part (ILOP) of humerus, index of width of ossified part (IWOP) of humerus, ILOP of femur, and IWOP of femur were calculated. E2 had higher cases of anatomical defects (74,6%) than E3 (48.9%), E1 (15.0%), and E0 (0%). E2 had humerus IWOP of 0.82±0.03, which was significantly lower than that of E0 (0.89±0.04) and E1 (0.89±0.03), while that of E1 and E0 was not significantly different from each other. Meanwhile, IWOP in E3 (0.88±0.03) was significantly higher than that in E2, but not different from that in E1 and E0. Thus, LE3H mitigated defects in fetal anatomy and endochondral ossification induced by HgCl2 in mice.

scholarly journals Leaf ethanolic extract of Etlingera hemesphaerica Blume alters mercuric chloride teratogenicity during the post-implantation period in Mus musculus

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Aceng Ruyani ◽  
Deni Parlindungan ◽  
Eda Kartika ◽  
Reza Julian Putra ◽  
Agus Sundaryono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Implantation Period

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

MODEL OF SOCIAL POTENTIAL OF CHILDHOOD IN THE RUSSIAN REGIONS: THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-162
Author(s):  
A.G. Filipova ◽  
A.V. Vysotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Third Wave ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Social Potential ◽  
System Input ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Fixed Ideal ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the results of mathematical experiments with the system «Social potential of childhood in the Russian regions». In the structure of system divided into three subsystems – the «Reproduction of children in the region», «Children’s health» and «Education of children», for each defined its target factor (output parameter). The groups of infrastructure factors (education, health, culture and sport, transport), socio-economic, territorial-settlement, demographic and en-vironmental factors are designated as the factors that control the system (input parameters). The aim of the study is to build a model îf «Social potential of childhood in the Russian regions», as well as to conduct experiments to find the optimal ratio of the values of target and control factors. Three waves of experiments were conducted. The first wave is related to the analysis of the dynam-ics of indicators for 6 years. The second – with the selection of optimal values of control factors at fixed ideal values of target factors. The third wave allowed us to calculate the values of the target factors based on the selected optimal values of the control factors of the previous wave.

scholarly journals Mating Disruption of Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) in Fruit Crops

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Carolina Ballesteros ◽  
Alda Romero ◽  
María Colomba Castro ◽  
Sofía Miranda ◽  
Jan Bergmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pseudococcus Calceolariae ◽  
And Control ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Control Tool

Pseudococcus calceolariae, the citrophilous mealybug, is a species of economic importance. Mating disruption (MD) is a potential control tool. During 2017–2020, trials were conducted to evaluate the potential of P. calceolariae MD in an apple and a tangerine orchard. Two pheromone doses, 6.32 g/ha (2017–2018) and 9.45 g/ha (2019–2020), were tested. The intermediate season (2018–2019) was evaluated without pheromone renewal to study the persistence of the pheromone effect. Male captures in pheromone traps, mealybug population/plant, percentage of infested fruit at harvest and mating disruption index (MDI) were recorded regularly. In both orchards, in the first season, male captures were significantly lower in MD plots compared to control plots, with an MDI > 94% in the first month after pheromone deployment. During the second season, significantly lower male captures in MD plots were still observed, with an average MDI of 80%. At the third season, male captures were again significant lower in MD than control plots shortly after pheromone applications. In both orchards, population by visual inspection and infested fruits were very low, without differences between MD and control plots. These results show the potential use of mating disruption for the control of P. calceolariae.

scholarly journals Futures of sustainability: Perspectives on social imaginaries and social transformation. A comment on Frank Adloff and Sighard Neckel’s research program

2021 ◽  
pp. 053901842199956
Author(s):  
Gerard Delanty
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Social Imaginaries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Control

This essay is a comment on the research program launched by Frank Adloff and Sighard Neckel. My comment is specifically focused on their research agenda as outlined in their trend-setting article, ‘Futures of sustainability as modernization, transformation, and control: A conceptual framework’. The comment is also addressed more generally to the research program of the Humanities Centre for Advanced Studies ‘Futures of Sustainability’. I raise three issues: the first relates to the very idea of the future; the second concerns the notion of social imaginaries and the third question is focused on the idea of social transformation.

P–805 Artificial oocytes: from somatic cells to fertile pups

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Kocur ◽  
A Trout ◽  
P Xie ◽  
A Petrini ◽  
Z Rosenwaks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Post Implantation

Abstract Study question We analyzed the efficacy of generating artificial oocytes using somatic cells (SCs) from two mouse strains (B6D2F1 and FVB) and followed their full pre-/post-implantation development. Summary answer While artificial oocytes generated from the new strain (FVB) had higher fertilization rates, those from the standard strain (B6D2F1) provided expanded blastocysts and fertile pups. What is known already B6D2F1 is a popular hybrid mouse strain for cloning and transgenic creation due to its geno-/pheno-typic uniformity and high oocyte yield and quality. Indeed, B6D2F1 oocytes have a distinct metaphase II (MII) spindle complex, making them an ideal candidate to generate ooplasts used in SC nuclear transfer (SCNT). However, because they lack genetic variance, they are less suitable for reciprocal SCNT studies. In contrast, FVB mice have single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels on each chromosome that can aid in tracing the pedigree of progeny. Study design, size, duration A total of 10 experiments were performed over the course of 3 months, using 30 stimulated mice. SCs were retrieved from cumulus oophorus harvested from FVB and B6D2F1 mice. SCs from both strains were injected into enucleated MII B6D2F1 oocytes. Unmanipulated B6D2F1 oocytes were piezo-ICSI inseminated, serving as controls. The occurrence of haploidization, fertilization, and full preimplantation development was compared. Some blastocysts were transferred into pseudo-pregnant CD–1 mice to obtain offspring. Participants/materials, setting, methods Oocyte enucleation was performed under Oosight™ visualization and cytochalasin B exposure. An FVB or B6D2F1 SC was transferred into the perivitelline space of the ooplast with Sendai virus to promote fusion. Haploidization was monitored by pseudo-meiotic spindle formation followed by extrusion of a pseudo-polar body after insemination. Conceptuses were cultured in a time-lapse imaging system, with piezo-ICSI controls. Expanded blastocysts were transferred into uterine horns of pseudo-pregnant mice. Offspring were mated to test their fertility. Main results and the role of chance FVB (n = 278) and B6D2F1 (n = 905) SCs at G0 phase, with a diameter <10 mm, were chosen for SCNT and transferred into enucleated B6D2F1 ooplasts. Enucleation of 1,212 oocytes yielded a survival rate of 97.6%. Both FVB and B6D2F1 SCNT resulted in similar survival rates of 100% and 98.5%, respectively. Successful haploidization, determined by the presence of a pseudo-meiotic spindle 2 hours after SCNT, was also comparable, with 59.9% of FVB and 63.7% of B6D2F1. Survival after piezo-ICSI was also comparable between FVB- and B6D2F1-reconstituted oocytes, with rates of 64.3% and 60.3%, respectively, albeit lower than the control (75.2%, P < 0.00001). FVB embryos fertilized at a rate of 88.7%, comparable to the control zygotes at 85.8%, while B6D2F1 conceptuses demonstrated a lower fertilization rate (70.8%, P < 0.00001). Blastulation of FVB- and B6D2F1-derived embryos was 15.1% and 24.0%, respectively, while the control was 80.7% (P < 0.00001). Whole-genome karyotyping of 9 B6D2F1-derived blastocysts confirmed 5 of the samples to be euploid. FVB blastocysts (N = 8) and B6D2F1 blastocysts (N = 81) were transferred into pseudo-pregnant mice, resulting in 3 fertile offspring only from the B6D2F1 conceptuses. Limitations, reasons for caution This is still a limited number of observations, and pups were delivered only from the B6D2F1 strain. The utilization of a strain with higher genetic variance may help facilitate offspring fingerprinting. Wider implications of the findings: This study demonstrates the ability to generate artificial genotyped conceptuses, yielding live offspring. The identification of a feasible donor cell, together with optimization of cell cycle stage and standardization of post-implantation development, will help promote this technique for human reproduction in couples with age-related infertility or poor ovarian reserve. Trial registration number N/A

Introducing Temperature Measurement and Control Techniques to Engineering Undergraduate Students in the Gulf Region

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rodgers ◽  
Arman Molki
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Instrumentation Amplifier ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Linear Temperature ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
The Third ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

Hands-on laboratory skills play a vital role in providing students with a sound understanding of the scientific fundamentals and their application in solving real-life engineering problems. One of the essential laboratory based courses taught at our Institute is Introduction to Measurements and Instrumentation. The design and implementation of such a course has been well documented in Western engineering education, but presents specific challenges in the Gulf region due to economical, social and cultural factors. This paper discusses the adaptation of corresponding Western courses to undergraduate mechanical engineering studies in the Gulf region. Laboratory exercises for temperature measurement and control are described, which consist of four modules, each building upon the other. In each module, students learn how to design an accurate measuring system, and process and interpret collected data. In the first module, the students are required to build a thermocouple reader using an AD620 instrumentation amplifier and to compare measurements with NIST reference tables. The second module is an introduction to LabVIEW, a graphical data acquisition programming language. The students are required to write a LabVIEW program to record multiple thermocouple signals from a heated plate under varying convective cooling conditions, using a high resolution temperature logger with on-board signal conditioning. The third and fourth modules focus on temperature control techniques. In the third laboratory exercise, the students are required to construct an electrical circuit using a low-power PCB relay and NPN bipolar transistor to develop a bang-bang linear temperature controller. The program created in module two is modified to have the heater operation automatically controlled for a fixed temperature set point. In module four, the students replace the bang-bang controller built in the previous lab with a commercially available PID controller and explore the differences between PID and linear temperature control systems. For each module, students are required to submit a formal report covering the theoretical background, the experimental procedure employed, uncertainty analysis, and conclusions and recommendations. An effective teaching strategy is outlined that covers the fundamental concepts of temperature measurement and control through carefully designed experiments, with sample results presented. Emphasis is placed on the tailoring of the course topics to engineering education in the Gulf region.

scholarly journals Motilitas Ascaridia galli Dewasa dalam Larutan Ekstrak Etanol Biji Palem Putri (Veitchia merrillii)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ummu Balqis ◽  
Darmawi Darmawi ◽  
Maryam Maryam ◽  
Muslina Muslina ◽  
Abdullah Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui motilitas Ascaridia galli dewasa dalam ekstrak etanol biji Veitchia merrillii. Ekstrak etanol V. merrillii dianalisis fitokimia. Sebanyak 16 ekor cacing A. galli dewasa dibagi kedalam empat kelompok. Cacing pada kelompok pertama adalah kelompok tanpa perlakuan. Cacing pada kelompok kedua diberi 0,6 mg/ml levamisole. Cacing pada masing-masing kelompok ketiga dan keempat diberi 50 dan 100 mg/ml crude ekstrak biji V. merrillii. Motilitas A. galli ditentukan dalam skor persentase setelah 12, 24, 36 jam dengan menggunakan kriteria: 3 (badan bergerak), 2 (hanya sebagian badan bergerak), 1 (tidak bergerak tetapi masih hidup), 0 (mati). Hasil fitokimia V. merrillii mengandung alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids. Ekstrak biji V. merrillii dosis 100 mg/ml secara in vitro dapat mempersingkat selama 12 jam waktu motilitas cacing A. galli dewasa. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan potensi anthelmintik berbasis herbal untuk pengendalian A. galli.  (Motility of Ascaridia galli adult worms in vitro in ethanolic extracts of Nuts Veitchia merrillii) ABSTRACT. The purpose of this research was to know the motility of Ascaridia galli adult worms in aqueous ethanolic extracts of nuts Veitchia merrillii. The ethanolic extract of the V. merrillii was analyzed. Amount of sixteen head A. galli adult worms were divided into four groups. The first group, worms were left as un-treated normal controls. The second group, worms were treated with concentrations of 0,6 mg/ml levamisole. The third and fourth group, worms were treated with crude aqueous ethanolic extract of 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations nuts of the V. merrillii, respectively. Motility of A. galli were determined after 12, 24, 36 hour by mean of persentage scored using the following criteria: 3 (moving whole body), 2 (moving only parts of the body), 1 (immobile but alive), and 0 (died). The result of phytochemical V. merrillii contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. V. merrillii nuts extract concentrations of 100 mg/ml in vitro can shorten the time motility A. galli adult worms for 12 hours. The study indicated the potential for developing herbal-based anthelmintics to control A. galli.

scholarly journals What if I had a third arm? An EEG study of a supernumerary BCI system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Riascos ◽  
David Steeven Villa ◽  
Anderson Maciel ◽  
Luciana Nedel ◽  
Dante Barone
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Task Load ◽  
The Third ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Robotic Prosthesis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bci System ◽  
Psychological Experiments

AbstractMotor imagery Brain-Computer Interface (MI-BCI) enables bodyless communication by means of the imagination of body movements. Since its apparition, MI-BCI has been widely used in applications such as guiding a robotic prosthesis, or the navigation in games and virtual reality (VR) environments. Although psychological experiments, such as the Rubber Hand Illusion - RHI, suggest the human ability for creating body transfer illusions, MI-BCI only uses the imagination of real body parts as neurofeedback training and control commands. The present work studies and explores the inclusion of an imaginary third arm as a part of the control commands for MI-BCI systems. It also compares the effectiveness of using the conventional arrows and fixation cross as training step (Graz condition) against realistic human hands performing the corresponding tasks from a first-person perspective (Hands condition); both conditions wearing a VR headset. Ten healthy subjects participated in a two-session EEG experiment involving open-close hand tasks, including a third arm that comes out from the chest. The EEG analysis shows a strong power decrease in the sensory-motor areas for the third arm task in both training conditions. Such activity is significantly stronger for Hands than Graz condition, suggesting that the realistic scenario can reduce the abstractness of the third arm and improve the generation of motor imagery signals. The cognitive load is also assessed both by NASA-TLX and Task Load index.

scholarly journals Abstracts of the 43rd Symposium on Cuniculture, ASESCU

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Abstracts, Conferences, Congresses, Symposiums...
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
City Council ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
And Control

The 43<sup>rd</sup> Congress of the Spanish Association of Cuniculture (ASESCU) was held in Calamocha (Teruel province, Aragon region, Spain) from 30th to 31st May 2018, hosted by the Cooperative Society “Esperanza del Jiloca” (CEJI) and the City Council of Calamocha. The three main talks focused on strategies against antibiotic resistance in rabbit farming: one explaining the relevance of this problem and the responsibility of each agent to improve it, another expounding the “Spanish National Plan against Antibiotic Resistance”, and the third showing the first milestones reached in reducing antibiotic use on rabbit farms. Specific sessions were devoted to explaining the outcomes of the three research projects supported by the partnership between the Spanish Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA) and the Rabbit Meat Marketing Board (INTERCUN): one related to welfare and health of rabbit does under different housing systems, the second devoted to the prevention and control of rabbit viral diseases, and the third investigating the etiopathogeny and control of epizootic rabbit enteropathy. In addition, the role and operation of INTERCUN was highlighted. The Chair of ASESCU spoke about this association’s role in the IDCURA project, a working group focused on innovation and divulgation in reducing antibiotic use in rabbit farming. The closing speech explained the workings of LONCUN, the latest reference market for benchmark prices of rabbit meat activated in Spain. Moreover, a total of 20 communications were presented both in working sessions with oral messages and posters (nutrition, pathology, biosecurity and sustainability, housing and welfare, and reproduction and genetics). The meeting was attended by more than 210 participants from several European, American and African countries. Abstracts of the contributions presented are reported below.

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