scholarly journals Stillbirth in term and late term gestations in Stockholm during a 20-year period, incidence and causes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251965
Author(s):  
Hanna Åmark ◽  
Christina Pilo ◽  
Ingela Hulthén Varli
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stockholm County ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Postterm Pregnancy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Antepartum Stillbirth

Introduction The incidence of stillbirth has decreased marginally or remained stable during the past decades in high income countries. A recent report has shown Stockholm to have a lower incidence of stillbirth at term than other parts of Sweden. The risk of antepartum stillbirth increases in late term and postterm pregnancies which is one of the factors contributing to the current discussion regarding the optimal time of induction of labor due to postterm pregnancy. Material and methods This is a cohort study based on the Stockholm Stillbirth Database which contains all cases of stillbirth from 1998-2018 in Stockholm County. All cases were reviewed systematically and the cause of death was evaluated according to the Stockholm Stillbirth Classification. Stillbirths diagnosed between gestational week (GW) 37+0 and 40+6 n = 605 were compared to stillbirths diagnosed from GW 41+0 and onwards n = 157, according to the cause of stillbirth and pregnancy and maternal characteristics. The aim was to evaluate the incidence of stillbirth over time and the incidence of stillbirth diagnosed from GW 41+0. Results In Stockholm County the overall incidence of stillbirth has decreased from 4.6/1000 births during the period 1998-2004 to 3.4/1000 births during the period 2014-2018, p-value <0.001. When comparing the same time periods, the incidence of stillbirth diagnosed from GW 41+0 and onwards has decreased from 0.5/1000 births to 0.15/1000 births, p-value <0.001. Among women still pregnant at GW 41+0 the incidence of stillbirth has decreased from 1.8/ 1000 to 0.5/ 1000. When comparing stillbirths diagnosed at GW 37+0-40+6 with stillbirths diagnosed from GW 41+0 and onwards infection was a more common cause of stillbirth in the latter group. Conclusion In Stockholm County there was a decreasing incidence of stillbirth overall and in stillbirths diagnosed from 41+0 weeks of gestation and onwards during the period 1998-2018. In stillbirths diagnosed from GW 41+0 and onwards infection was a more common cause of death compared to stillbirths diagnosed between GW 37+0 and 40+6.

Suicide: Some ethical implications

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Kelleher
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
True Rate ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Statistical Sense ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Ideal

Death faces us all. Preoccupation with it however is commonly regarded as morbid. As a way of dying, suicide is seen as being abnormal. This is certainly so in a statistical sense. In 1993, there were 31,896 deaths in the Republic of Ireland of which officially 357 were suicides. This means that approximately one in a hundred deaths today are self-inflicted. The proportion of suicide deaths to other deaths varies across age groups, however. Generally speaking among the young, suicide is a more common cause of death because other types of death are less common. In the past the official Irish suicide figures may have under-estimated the true picture. Recent research however has shown that the official Irish suicide statistics are likely not to underestimate the true rate and are also more likely to be reliable than are the equivalent statistics from England and Wales.The word ‘abnormal’, however, in medicine is also used in a nonstatistical sense to imply deviation from the ideal or desirable. If we say someone is abnormal, we imply that he is either mentally ill or suffering from a defect or blemish of personality. Most people assume that those who intentionally end their lives are abnormal in this latter medical sense, immediately prior to death. The opposite holds in murder. Society assumes the perpetrator is not mentally ill unless evidence is brought forward to the contrary. Not all believe this, however, and some actively canvass the viewpoint that suicide, in certain circumstances, is to be encouraged.

scholarly journals The Number of Circulating Fetal Extravillous Trophoblasts Varies from Gestational Week 6 to 20

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2170-2174
Author(s):  
Katarina Ravn ◽  
Ripudaman Singh ◽  
Lotte Hatt ◽  
Mathias Kølvraa ◽  
Palle Schelde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Optimal Time Point ◽  
Extravillous Trophoblasts

Abstract Cell-based non-invasive prenatal testing (cbNIPT) based on circulating fetal extravillous trophoblasts (fEVTs) has shown to be possible in gestational week (GW) 10–13. Prenatal testing is relevant for a wider time period than GW 10–13, but it is unclear if fEVTs are present in sufficient numbers for cbNIPT at other time points during pregnancy. We present the first longitudinal study where the number of circulating fEVTs was determined from the mid first trimester to the mid second, specifically GW 6–8, 12–13, and 19–20. Blood samples from 13 women opting for assisted reproduction were collected at GW 6–8, 12–13, and 19–20. fEVTs were enriched using a magnetic-activated cell sorting system, stained with anti-cytokeratin antibodies, and fEVTs were identified with the use of a MetaSystem fluorescence microscope scanner. Blood samples drawn at GW 6–8 yielded an average of 5.5 fEVTs per 30 mL of blood. This increased significantly to an average of 11.8 in GW 12–13 (P value: 0.0070, Mann-Whitney test), and decreased significantly to an average of 5.3 in GW 19–20 (P value: 0.0063, Mann-Whitney test). In 9 out of 13 cases, the number of fEVTs peaked in GW 12–13 compared to GW 6–8 and GW 19–20. For the majority of cases, fEVTs can be identified at GW 6–8 and GW 19–20, but the highest number of fEVTs is observed at GW 12–13 indicating this is the optimal time point for cbNIPT.

FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS WONOREJO SAMARINDA TAHUN 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Novi Anggun Pusvitasary
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
P Value ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Standards

Pneumonia disease is the leading cause of death of babies in the world. The prevalence of pneumonia in infants is 18.5 / mil. Data from Samarinda City Health Office during the last 1 year there are 91 cases of pneumonia in Karang Anyar Village and 63 cases in Teluk Lerong Ulu Village. Factors causing pneumonia are toddler factors, behavioral factors, and environmental factors. The results show there is a relationship between house humidity (p value = 0,013; OR = 0,192), house dwelling density (p value = 0,024; OR = 0,214), and family member smoking behavior (p value = 0,006; OR = 10,450) with incidence of pneumonia in toddlers in the Working Area of Puskesmas Wonorejo Samarinda. There was no correlation between house temperature (p value = 0,214; OR = 0,337), house lighting (p value = 0,095; OR = 3,188) and family disease history (p value = 0,707; OR = 0,753) with Pneumonia occurrence in infant in region Work Puskesmas Wonorejo Samarinda. It was concluded that there was a relationship between house humidity, home dwelling density, and smoking behavior of family members with the incidence of pneumonia in infants. It is recommended to be able to apply housing health requirements that meet health standards to reduce the incidence of pneumonia in infants and change smoking habits.

Energy-Sensing Pathways in Ischemia: The Counterbalance Between AMPK and mTORC

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (45) ◽  
pp. 4763-4770
Author(s):  
Angel Cespedes ◽  
Mario Villa ◽  
Irene Benito-Cuesta ◽  
Maria J. Perez-Alvarez ◽  
Lara Ordoñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Energy Sensing ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

: Stroke is an important cause of death and disability, and it is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In humans, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) is the most common cause of ischemic stroke. The damage occurs due to the lack of nutrients and oxygen contributed by the blood flow. : The present review aims to analyze to what extent the lack of each of the elements of the system leads to damage and which mechanisms are unaffected by this deficiency. We believe that the specific analysis of the effect of lack of each component could lead to the emergence of new therapeutic targets for this important brain pathology.

scholarly journals Suicide prevention in low- and middle-income countries: part perceptions, partial solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

SummarySuicide, a common cause of death in many low- and middle-income countries, has often been viewed through a medical/psychiatric lens. Such perspectives medicalise social and personal distress and suggest individual and medication-based treatments. This editorial argues for the need to examine suicide from a public health perspective and suggests the need for population-based social and economic interventions.

Asthma and Pneumomediastinum

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 990-990
Author(s):  
ROBERT G. ZWERDLING
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Mediastinal Emphysema ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treatable Condition

To the Editor.— Sturtz's case report and brief review of the literature on spontaneous mediastinal emphysema is interesting.1 However, he neglects to mention what is perhaps the most common cause of this condition in childhood—asthma. Indeed, reports of this complication have occurred over the past 130 years.2-4 Recognition of this fact often results in an understanding of the cause for the pneumomediastinum as well as tipping the clinician off to a possibly undiagnosed but readily treatable condition.

Abstract 16199: Trend of Hypertensive Emergencies in Atrial Fibrillation Hospitalization; National Estimate

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mae'n Al-Dabbas ◽  
Jay Shah ◽  
devina adalja ◽  
Archana Gundabolu ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Hypertensive Emergency ◽  
P Value ◽  
National Inpatient Sample ◽  
Common Risk Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Introduction: Hypertension has been reported as one of the most common risk factor causing atrial fibrillation (AF). Also, hypertension is associated with more persistent AF. However the epidemiology for incidence of hypertensive emergency in AF hospitalization is not well documented. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that frequency of hypertensive emergency has been increasingly associated with Atrial fibrillation. Methods: National inpatient sample from 2005 -2015 was used for the present analysis. Patients over 18 years, with AF as the primary diagnosis were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code, 427.31. Patients with hypertensive emergency were identified using ICD-9-CM code. 401.0, 402.0, 403.0, 404.0, 405.0. Results: A total of 4,988,269 AF patients over 18 years of age were included in the present analysis. Of these hospitalization 49,423 had hypertensive emergency during hospitalizations and the rest 4,938,846 had no hypertensive emergency. There was a monotonic increase in the trend of rates of hypertensive emergency per 1000 AF hospitalizations, from 2005 - 2015. (P value <0.001) [Figure 1]. Conclusion: There has been a significant increase in the rates of hypertensive emergency among AF hospitalization, over the past decade. Further research is needed to investigate the reason for this increased trend.

scholarly journals CT Scan Evaluation of Prevalence of Paradoxical Middle Turbinate In Adult Population of Bihar

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Raag Reeti ◽  
Md Jawed Akhtar ◽  
Avanish Kumar ◽  
Binod Kumar ◽  
Rajiv Ranjan Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Convex Surface ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Middle Turbinate ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Exact Test

Introduction: Middle turbinate overlying the middle meatus is the most important anatomic area in the lateral wall of the nose. It is a thinsheet of bone which curves in different planes very similar to a dried leaf. Paradoxical Middle Turbinate (PMT) is the abnormal curvatureof middle turbinate, where the convex surface faces laterally instead of its usual medial curvature and may block the drainage pathway ofmiddle meatus. The present study aimed at observing the prevalence of the paradoxical middle turbinate in the adult population of Bihar. Subjects and Methods: This was a retrospective study being conducted on 150 patients who presented to the Department of Radiodiagnosis. Their CT scans were analysed for the presence of paradoxical middle turbinate. The results were analysed as percentage and ‘p’ value was calculated using Fischer’s Exact Test. Results: Prevalence of Paradoxical Middle Turbinate was observed in 28 cases i.e. 18.6% cases; 16 in males and 12 in females. ‘p’ value was 0.677 on applying Fisher’s Exact test. Conclusion: Anatomical variations of the paranasal sinus region like paradoxical middle turbinate are quite common cause of diseases involving paranasal sinuses and they must be searched for by the surgeons planning any endoscopic sinus surgery. This study attempted to provide the prevalence of the paradoxical middle turbinate which will definitely help the FESS surgery and its outcomes.

scholarly journals Pituitary injury and persistent hypofunction resulting from a peripartum non-hemorrhagic, vaso-occlusive event

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Kuriya ◽  
David V Morris ◽  
Michael H Dahan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
List Type ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vascular Accidents ◽  
Learning Points ◽  
Do So

Summary Cerebral vascular accidents are caused by vasospasm when induced by preeclampsia or by dopamine agonists. However, six arteries nourish the pituitary and prevent against vasospasm-induced damage, which up until now has not been thought to occur. Bromocriptine was used to arrest lactation in a 31-year-old with secondary amenorrhea following preeclampsia and fetal demise at 28 weeks gestation. Tests and history revealed panhypopituitarism not associated with hemorrhage or mass infarction but instead caused by vasospasm. The present study is the first report of pituitary damage from a non-hemorrhagic, vaso-occlusive event in the literature. In keeping with Sheehan's and Simon's syndromes, we have named pituitary damage resulting from vaso-occlusion as Dahan's syndrome, and a literature review suggests that it may be a common and previously overlooked disorder. Learning points Vasospasm can cause damage to the pituitary gland, although it was not previously believed to do so. Preeclampsia and the use of a dopamine agonist, particularly in the peripartum state, may trigger vasospasm. Vasospasm resulting from dopamine agonists may be a common cause of injury to the pituitary gland, and it may have been overlooked in the past.

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