scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of factors associated with unstable housing among marginalized people who use drugs in Ottawa, Canada

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253923
Author(s):  
Ellen C. Rowlands Snyder ◽  
Lisa M. Boucher ◽  
Ahmed M. Bayoumi ◽  
Alana Martin ◽  
Zack Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Housing Status ◽  
Unstable Housing ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stable Housing

Introduction Housing affects an individual’s physical and mental health, particularly among people who use substances. Understanding the association between individual characteristics and housing status can inform housing policy and help optimize the care of people who use drugs. The objective of this study was to explore the factors associated with unstable housing among people who use drugs in Ottawa. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from 782 participants in the Participatory Research in Ottawa: Understanding Drugs (PROUD) Study. PROUD is a prospective cohort study of people who use drugs in Ottawa. Between March and December 2013, participants were recruited through peer-based recruitment on the streets and in social services settings and completed a peer-administered questionnaire that explored socio-demographic information, drug use patterns, community integration, experiences with police and incarceration, and access to health care and harm reduction services. Eligibility criteria included age of 16 years or older, self-reported illicit drug use within the past 12 months and having lived in Ottawa for at least 3 months. Housing status was determined by self-report. “Stable housing” was defined as residence in a house or apartment and “unstable housing” was defined as all other residence types. Exploratory multivariable logistic regression analyses of the association between characteristics of people who use drugs and their housing status were conducted. Results Factors that were associated with unstable housing included: recent incarceration; not having a regular doctor; not having received support from a peer worker; low monthly income; income source other than public disability support payments; and younger age. Gender, language, ethnicity, education level, opioid use and injection drug use were not independently associated with housing status. Conclusions People who use drugs face significant barriers to stable housing. These results highlight key areas to address in order to improve housing stability among this community.

scholarly journals Use of illicit drugs by adolescents and young adults of an urban settlement in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Márcia Maria de Souza ◽  
Karlla Antonieta Amorim Caetano ◽  
Sheila Araujo Teles ◽  
Marcos André de Matos
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Factors Associated

Summary Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with illicit drug use by adolescents and young adults of a formal urban settlement. Method: Cross-sectional study including adolescents and young adults 12-24 years of an urban settlement in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Stata, version 12.0. We used Poisson regression model to estimate the factors associated with illicit drug use. Results: Of the total participants (n=105), 27.6% (95CI 20.0-36.9%) had used illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, crack, LSD and inhalants. The consumption of these substances was associated with male gender, use of body piercing and/or tattoos, licit drug use and self-report of signs and/or symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. Conclusion: High prevalence of illicit drug use was found in the individuals investigated, ratifying the presence of risk factors to the vulnerability of the settlers to use these substances in the urban settlement population.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nursing Workers

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália da Rosa Fonseca ◽  
Rita de Cassia Pereira Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Workers

This cross-sectional study identified factors associated to musculoskeletal disorders in nursing auxiliaries and technicians in Salvador - Bahia. Three hundred and eight randomly selected female workers answered a questionnaire administered by an interviewer, with questions related to physical and psychosocial demands at work, individual characteristics and activities outside work. Multivariate analysis revealed that musculoskeletal disorders in neck, shoulder or upper back and musculoskeletal disorders in low back are associated to physical demand (material handling, poor back posture and work repetitiveness), psychosocial demand and precarious physical fitness. Musculoskeletal disorders in distal upper extremities are associated to physical demands (repetitiveness and force) and years of work (> 19). The results appoint the need for intervention strategies, incorporating both the organizational aspects of work and adaptations in the physical environment and in the characteristics of tasks.

scholarly journals Factors associated with readiness to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) among young people (15-24 years) at four HIV clinics in Mulago Hospital, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1603-14
Author(s):  
Jonathan Nkalubo ◽  
Moureen Mugaba ◽  
Ignatius Asasira ◽  
Racheal Nakiganda ◽  
Florence Namutebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Readiness ◽  
Factors Associated

Introduction: Globally, the HIV burden continues to rise among young people despite the discovery of ART. This study assessed demographic and psycho-social factors among young people associated with readiness to be initiated on ART. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed HIV positive young people aged 15-24 years at 4 HIV clinics at Mulago Hospital. Readiness was measured as a self-report by the individual to the question,“How ready do you feel to start ART? Results: Of the 231 young people enrolled, the mean age (SD) was 20.7years (+/-2.8) and most were female (66.2%). Majority were very ready (53.3%) and very motivated (51.1%) to start ART. Higher treatment readiness was associated with being female (95% CI [5.62, 8.31], p=0.003), thinking that ART cures HIV (95% CI [0.43, 0.86], p=0.005), history of having unprotected sex (95% CI [0.79, 0.87], p=<0.001), anticipating negative HIV results (95% CI [0.26, 0.88], p=0.017), internalized stigma (95% CI [0.83, 0.98], p=0.018) and knowledge of positive ART effects for others (95% CI [0.84, 0.93], p=<0.001). Conclusions: Understanding the underlying factors associated with ART readiness among young people can inform strategiesto support and increase individuals’ readiness to initiate ART and early engagement in care. Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy Readiness; Young people; Sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorder in the Emergency Department:  Approaches to Estimating Prevalence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Punches ◽  
Kimberly W. Hart ◽  
Christopher J Lindsell ◽  
Raul Mandler ◽  
Katia Delrahim-Howlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pragmatic Clinical Trials

Abstract Background: Understanding the prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) in emergency department (ED) settings could facilitate prevention and treatment responses to the epidemic. However, little information is available on the true prevalence of SUD in the ED population. We characterized 1) methods for determining the prevalence of substance use and SUDs within an ED, and 2) the degree to which prevalence differs between geographically proximate EDs. Methods: This cross-sectional, multi-hospital study analyzed data from prior studies and electronic health records (EHR). Our data sources included 1) interviews of a population-based sample of ED patients, 2) chart review for a cohort of ED patients, and 3) ICD-9 codes from an urban, academic trauma center. In addition, ICD-9 codes were obtained for three geographically proximate hospitals of differing type. The sampling methods and ED settings were compared descriptively in terms of their population characteristics and estimated prevalence of SUDs. Results: Prevalence of SUDs at the urban academic center was extremely high, particularly when measured by prospective survey, but also with chart review. Use over the prior year (binge drinking, illicit drug use, or treatment for alcohol or drug use) as determined by self-report and chart review respectively was: 41.9% and 15.2% for alcohol, 36.2% and 21.6% for drugs, and 59.2% and 30.4% for either. Estimates using ICD-9 codes indicated a far lower prevalence of substance use and suggest differences between EDs. Conclusions: SUDs are highly prevalent in ED populations, though significant variability between EDs is likely. SUDs are infrequently coded, suggesting that clinicians may be unaware of SUDs, or that discharge coding is insufficient to understand and respond to SUDs. Feasible and efficacious methods of identification and documentation of SUDs is an urgent priority to aid efforts to facilitate health services planning and quality improvement, and enable pragmatic clinical trials.

scholarly journals Mental health of Brazilian physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e5129108758
Author(s):  
Déborah Pimentel ◽  
Daniel Lima Figueiredo ◽  
Roberta Machado Pimentel Rebello de Mattos ◽  
Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Public Service ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impaired Sleep

Aim: To identify the profile of Brazilian doctors and the prevalence of mental suffering during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory quantitative study, performed between April and May 2020, using a sociodemographic questionnaire and a specific tool for tracking non-psychotic mental disorders: the Self Report Questionnaire. Results: Participant profile: women (68.1%), between 31 and 40 years old (39.9%), married or with partners (59.9%), without children (53.3%), with up to five years of graduation (30.9%), and working in public service (40.7%). The doctors (49.79%) show strong signs of mental suffering, with impaired sleep, headache, and psychotropic drug use. Many of them feel easily tired and have difficulty in satisfactorily carrying out daily activities. Many are tense, nervous or worried (77.4%); feel sad and are crying more than usual. Among them, 34.8% are losing interest in things, 14.6% feel they are useless, and 4.3% have suicidal thoughts. Conclusions: Almost half of the Brazilian doctors (49.79%) show strong signs of mental suffering, with a level of tension, nervousness and worry that affects more than half of the professionals. Ongoing programs for the prevention of mental disorders and suicide during and after the COVID-19 pandemic are required.

ADHD in Tunisian Adolescents: Prevalence and Associated Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mhalla ◽  
Asma Guedria ◽  
Takoua Brahem ◽  
Badii Amamou ◽  
Wiem Sboui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Factors Associated

Objective: The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of ADHD in a population of high school students and to explore the factors associated with this disorder. Method: This was a cross-sectional study that had included 447 high school students. The diagnosis of ADHD was made by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale translated in Arabic language. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated by a preestablished questionnaire. The self-esteem was assessed by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: The prevalence of ADHD was 18.1%. The logistic regression analysis showed an association between the diagnosis of ADHD and the bad relationships with parents (odds ratio [OR] = 16.43; p < 10-3), the presence of personal psychiatric antecedents (OR = 12.16; p < 10-3), internet misuse (OR = 2.39; p = .014), and maltreatment antecedents (OR = 3.16; p = .009). Conclusion: The prevalence of ADHD in this study was one of the highest prevalence reported. The factors associated with ADHD may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infection diagnoses, sexualised drug use and associations with pre-exposure prophylaxis use among men who have sex with men in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-263
Author(s):  
Matthew P Hibbert ◽  
Caroline E Brett ◽  
Lorna A Porcellato ◽  
Vivian D Hope
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Condomless Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Previous research has focused on acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use, but few community-based studies have been conducted regarding actual use, and PrEP use in the context of sexualised drug use remains understudied. A national online cross-sectional study recruited men who have sex with men (MSM) via social media (April–June 2018). Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with PrEP use. Bivariate analyses compared engaging in condomless anal intercourse (CAI) under the influence of specific drugs and recent sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnoses (past 12 months) between MSM taking PrEP and those not. Overall, 6% (99/1581) MSM reported current PrEP use. Factors associated with PrEP use were increasing age, recent genitourinary medicine (GUM) attendance (95% versus 45%, aOR = 6.25, 95%CI 2.05, 19.03), an HIV test in the past three months (89% versus 23%, aOR = 14.22, 95%CI 6.76, 29.90), and recent engagement in chemsex (21% versus 4%, aOR = 3.56, 95%CI 1.78, 7.11). MSM taking PrEP were more likely to have had an STI diagnosis (42% versus 8%), most commonly chlamydia (26% versus 3%) and gonorrhoea (25% versus 4%). Considering the elevated levels of self-reported STI diagnoses among those on PrEP, there was a high level of engagement with sexual health services, which may help reduce onward STI transmission.

scholarly journals Individual- and state-level factors associated with functional limitation prevalence among Colombian elderly: a multilevel analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Marcela Ballesteros ◽  
José Moreno-Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Functional Limitation ◽  
State Level ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the main regional factors associated with variations in the prevalence of functional limitation on the older adult in Colombia adjusted by individual characteristics. This multilevel study used cross-sectional data from 23,694 adults over 60 years of age in the SABE, Colombia nationwide survey. State-level factors (poverty, development, inequity, violence, health coverage, and access to improved water sources), as well as individual health related, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, were analyzed. The overall prevalence of functional impairment for the basic activities of daily living (ADL) was 22%. The presence of comorbidities, low educational level, physical inactivity, no participation in social groups, mistreatment and being over 75 years old were associated with functional limitation. At the group level, the analysis showed significant differences in the functional limitation prevalence across states, particularly regarding the socioeconomic status measured according to the Human Development Index (median OR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.13-1.30; p = 0.011). This study provides evidence on the impact of socioeconomic variation across states on FL prevalence in the Colombian elderly once adjusted for individual characteristics. The findings of this study, through a multilevel approach methodology, provide information to effectively address the conditions that affect the functionality in this population through the identification and prioritization of public health care in groups with economic and health vulnerability.

scholarly journals 703. Do Patients with Drug Use-Associated Infective Endocarditis Receive Differential Care?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S402-S403
Author(s):  
Ashley Ceniceros ◽  
Uriel Felson ◽  
Aaron Fox
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Unstable Housing ◽  
Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy

Abstract Background Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is the preferred modality for long term intravenous antibiotics for infections such as infective endocarditis (IE). People with drug use-associated (DUA) infections achieve similar outcomes as those with non-DUA-infections when treated using OPAT. The study objective was to compare OPAT use between cohorts of patients with DUA-IE and non-DUA-IE. Methods This retrospective cohort study compared OPAT use for DUA-IE vs. non-DUA-IE in adults hospitalized between 1/1/15 and 9/1/19 at three Bronx, NY hospitals. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between DUA-IE and discharge with OPAT, adjusting for clinically significant covariates that were decided a priori. Additional models excluded patients with unstable housing and those who left against medical advice (AMA). Figure 1: Flow chart of inclusion and exclusion criteria Results The cohort included 457 patients (346 non-DUA-IE, 111 DUA-IE). Compared to those with non-DUA-IE, DUA-IE patients were younger (mean age 54.9 years), more commonly male (65.8%), Hispanic (44.1%), Medicaid insured (40.5%), and undomiciled (9%). In models adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance, year of admission, length of stay, socioeconomic status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, MICU admissions, and infectious disease consults, DUA-IE patients had significantly lower odds of being discharged with OPAT than non-DUA-IE patients (aOR 0.16, 95% CI 0.08, 0.34). Odds of being discharged with OPAT remained lower for DUA-IE patients after excluding unstably housed patients (aOR 0.17, 95% CI 0.09, 0.38) and patients who left AMA (aOR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11, 0.47). Table 1: Non-DUA-IE and DUA-IE Patient Characteristics Table 2: Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios for Discharge with OPAT Table 3: Odds Ratios for Discharge with OPAT Among Patients Stably Housed and Retained in Care Conclusion Patients with DUA-IE were discharged with OPAT significantly less than those with non-DUA-IE, and patients having unstable housing or leaving AMA did not account for these differences. These data do not elucidate whether differential treatment was clinically appropriate, but other studies have demonstrated safety and effectiveness of OPAT in DUA-infections. Understanding whether addressable clinician-related factors, including their attitudes toward people who use drugs, contribute to differential treatment is an important next step in this research. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals COVID-19 Anxiety and Associated Factors among Finalist Undergraduate Science Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Aloysius Rukundo ◽  
David Ayebare Santson
Keyword(s):  
Science Teachers ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bachelor Of Science ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Undergraduate Science

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic inflicted excruciating psychological problems and elevated social concerns globally, including anxiety among university students. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with COVID-19 anxiety among finalist undergraduate students pursuing a degree in bachelor of science with education. A cross-sectional survey utilised data from 132 undergraduate science teachers at a university of science and technology recruited by census technique. Self-report data were obtained using the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale. Descriptive and logistic regression statistics were used to analyse the data.  The prevalence of COVID-19 anxiety was found at 11.36%. Career aspects in pursuing postgraduate studies and a close person with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were independent factors associated with COVID-19 anxiety. Students with an intention to pursue postgraduate studies indicated a higher likelihood of COVID-19 anxiety (AOR=4.8, 95%CI: 1.04-21.69, p < .05). Furthermore, students that had no close person diagnosed with COVID-19 indicated a lower likelihood of COVID-19 anxiety (AOR=0.1, 95%CI: 0.02-- 0.63, p < .05). Higher COVID-19 anxiety was associated with lower future academic aspirations. Hence, knowledge of acquaintance diagnosed with COVID-19 was associated with an increased chance of developing the disease.

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