Imbalanced dietary intake alters the colonic microbial profile in growing rats

An imbalanced dietary intake is associated with alteration of intestinal ecosystem. We investigated the impact of imbalanced diets on colonic microbiota, concentrations of short chain fatty acid in colonic digesta and serum immunoglobulins (Igs) of growing rats. Compared to the control diet, consuming diets high in fat, sucrose, or processed meat, or low in iron, increased the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella species, and decreased the beneficial bacteria, like Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Phascolarctobacterium, Alistipes, and butyrate producing species of bacteria in the colon of growing rats. The heatmap of metagenomics indicated that each group was separated into distinct clusters, and the ID group in particular, showed significantly (P < 0.01) reduced alpha diversity of colonic microbiota in comparison to the control group. All experimental groups showed significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) decreased concentration of acetate and butyrate in the colonic digesta and lower levels of serum IgG or IgA, compared to the control. These results indicated that the imbalanced dietary intake negatively altered intestinal ecosystem and immunity.

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The Influence of Diet and Sex on the Gut Microbiota of Lean and Obese JCR:LA-cp Rats

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9051037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1037

Author(s):

Craig Resch ◽

Mihir Parikh ◽

J. Alejandro Austria ◽

Spencer D. Proctor ◽

Thomas Netticadan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Control Diet ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Female Rats ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Male And Female ◽

Ground Flaxseed ◽

The Impact

There is an increased interest in the gut microbiota as it relates to health and obesity. The impact of diet and sex on the gut microbiota in conjunction with obesity also demands extensive systemic investigation. Thus, the influence of sex, diet, and flaxseed supplementation on the gut microbiota was examined in the JCR:LA-cp rat model of genetic obesity. Male and female obese rats were randomized into four groups (n = 8) to receive, for 12 weeks, either (a) control diet (Con), (b) control diet supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (CFlax), (c) a high-fat, high sucrose (HFHS) diet, or (d) HFHS supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (HFlax). Male and female JCR:LA-cp lean rats served as genetic controls and received similar dietary interventions. Illumine MiSeq sequencing revealed a richer microbiota in rats fed control diets rather than HFHS diets. Obese female rats had lower alpha-diversity than lean female; however, both sexes of obese and lean JCR rats differed significantly in β-diversity, as their gut microbiota was composed of different abundances of bacterial types. The feeding of an HFHS diet affected the diversity by increasing the phylum Bacteroidetes and reducing bacterial species from phylum Firmicutes. Fecal short-chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate-producing bacterial species were correspondingly impacted by the HFHS diet. Flax supplementation improved the gut microbiota by decreasing the abundance of Blautia and Eubacterium dolichum. Collectively, our data show that an HFHS diet results in gut microbiota dysbiosis in a sex-dependent manner. Flaxseed supplementation to the diet had a significant impact on gut microbiota diversity under both flax control and HFHS dietary conditions.

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Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Whey Lactose as a Prebiotic Disaccharide on the Productive Performances and Selected Indices of the Caecal Micro-Environment in Broiler Chickens

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.1515/aoas-2017-0021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1107-1122 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohamed Nabil Alloui ◽

Witold Szczurek

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Control Diet ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Meat ◽

Plate Counts ◽

Acid Producing Bacteria ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of three dietary levels of lactose (LAC) originating from conventional dried whey (DW) and the duration of these treatments (from 8 to 21 or to 42 days of age) on growth performance, basic post-slaughter traits and excreta quality of broiler chickens kept in cages. A secondary purpose was to investigate the effect of LAC level on some parameters of the caecal micro-environment and gross morphology in these birds. A total of 560 Ross 308 chickens (sex ratio 1:1) were assigned to 7 dietary combinations with 10 replicate cages of 8 birds per cage. The control group was fed basal diets consisting of maize, wheat and soybean meal. The other 6 groups received the same basal diets with DW added in amounts equivalent to a LAC dietary levels of 1, 2 or 3%. Only continuous feeding (day 8 to 42) with 1% and 2% levels of LAC was found to yield the overall body weight gain (BWG) during the whole 42-day rearing period, which was significantly higher than that on the control diet, with a larger share of breast meat in carcass at a 2% LAC. However, these effects were associated with greater faecal score values indicating more watery excreta compared with the control. Increasing levels of LAC augmented the relative caecal weight and length. A reduction in the caecal pH was confirmed at day 21 for birds fed 1% and 2% of dietary LAC. The lower pH values were correlated to an increased sum of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), causing large increases in the concentration of undissociated forms of individual VFA. The decline in plate counts of coliform bacteria was observed with 2% and 3% LAC, whereas the counts of lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) were higher at these two LAC levels. The present findings lead to the conclusion that the dietary level of 2% LAC originated from DW is the most effective in enhancing the productivity of broilers, with moderate occurrence of undesirable side effects.

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Growth control of herbaceous ground cover and egg quality from an integrated poultry-hazelnut orchard system

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2020.1594 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carlo Cosentino ◽

Pierangelo Freschi ◽

Simonetta Fascetti ◽

Rosanna Paolino ◽

Mauro Musto

Keyword(s):

Egg Quality ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Growth Control ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Control Group ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Positive Role ◽

Vegetation Growth ◽

The Impact

The present study was designed to assess the impact of hen grazing on plant biodiversity in the ground cover of hazelnut orchards, as well as the quality of eggs from hens grazing in the orchards. Two different sites of hazelnut orchards located in Basilicata region were selected to conduct this study. The results showed that hen grazing affected the composition of herbaceous stratum of the orchards. By using the quadrat method, a total of 99 (46 in site A and 53 in site B) plant species were identified at the beginning of the trial. After hen grazing, the number of identified plants dropped to 72 (30 in site A and 42 in site B). Amongst the most consumed species we found Lolium sp., Trifolium sp., Polygonum sp., Cichorium intybus, Cynodon dactylon. Alpha diversity analysis (species richness, diversity and evenness) as well as beta diversity analysis (Morisita-Horn and Sørensen indices) confirmed that hen grazing played a role in controlling vegetation growth. Concerning egg quality, most of the chemical parameters differed significantly when comparing the eggs from the sites with those from the control group, indicating that egg quality was influenced by the food resources available in each site. Overall, our results confirm that poultry may play a positive role in an orchard system.

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Impact of a Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program on Diet Quality and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Adults in a Worksite Setting: A Randomized Controlled Trial (OR16-07-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz051.or16-07-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Beth Comerford ◽

Kimberly Doughty ◽

Valentine Njike ◽

Rockiy Ayettey ◽

Audra Weisel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Hemoglobin A1c ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Grocery Store ◽

Control Group ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives Community- and clinic-based fruit and vegetable “prescription” (FVRx) programs, which include nutrition education and subsidies to reduce the cost of fruits and vegetables have improved dietary intake and some clinical outcomes, such as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood pressure. However, few if any studies have investigated the impact of an FVRx program in a worksite setting. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a worksite FVRx program on diet quality, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood lipid concentrations, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and blood pressure. Methods In the first of two planned cohorts, we randomized healthy adults employed at a community hospital in southern Connecticut to receive either the FVRx program for 10 weeks (n = 20) or standard worksite wellness offerings (n = 20). Each week, intervention participants received a 45-minute cooking and nutrition education session held during the workday and a voucher valuing $15–25, depending on household size, that could be redeemed for fruit and vegetable purchases at a local grocery store. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Results Compared to the control group, participants in the FVRx group significantly increased their HEI-2010 score for vegetable intake (0.91 ± 1.41 vs. 0.02 ± 1.18, P < 0.05) and reduced their HE-2010 score for empty calories (−4.61 ± 4.82 vs. −0.75 ± 3.20, P < 0.01). There were no between-group differences in other HEI-2010 components, body composition, HbA1c blood lipids, or blood pressure. However, the FVRx group did improve their overall HEI-2010 score from baseline (7.85 ± 10.82, P < 0.05) whereas the control group did not (3.57 ± 9.51, P > 0.05). Conclusions In this interim analysis, we demonstrated potential benefits of a worksite FVRx program on intake of vegetables and empty calories. Changes in anthropometric or biochemical measures were not observed immediately post-intervention, but this may be due to enrollment of a low-risk population or length of time needed to influence those measures. That the intervention nevertheless improved dietary intake suggests that it may be valuable for prevention of diet-related disease in healthy adults. Funding Sources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Centers Program grant.

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Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate Improves Intestinal Health by Modulating Its Development and Microbiota in Weaned Rabbits

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.579006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Chen ◽

Shuaishuai Hu ◽

Jiali Li ◽

Bohao Zhao ◽

Naisu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Intestinal Environment ◽

The Impact

Intestinal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and agricultural animals, especially newborns and weaned animals. Preventive treatments that help weaned animals maintain homeostasis and balance the hindgut microbial populations are desirable. The present study aimed to explore the impact of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) on the intestinal health by analyzing the intestinal environment, morphology, expression of peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), and flora of weaned rabbits. A total of 300 New Zealand weaned rabbits were randomly divided into the following five treatment groups for a 35-day feed trial: control group (basal diet), bacitracin zinc (BZ) group (50 mg/kg BZ), BMDa group (100 mg/kg BMD), BMDb group (50 mg/kg BMD), and BMDc group (rabbits fed a basal diet supplemented with 25 mg/kg BMD). In each treatment group, 28 rabbits were slaughtered for experimental analysis. The results showed that the supplementation of BMD increased the environmental acidity of the cecum of the weaned rabbits and reduced the ammonia-nitrogen concentration, which was beneficial to the survival of useful bacteria in the intestine. The morphology analysis of the duodenum using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that the villus length, villus/crypt ratio, and intestinal wall thickness increased in the BMD group, thereby improving the structure of the duodenum and the absorption capacity of the small intestine. Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction test showed that PGRPs (especially PGLYRP-1 and PGLYRP-2) in the intestinal had an antagonistic effect with BMD in the process of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, resulting in their decreased expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, through 16S rRNA sequencing in the cecal content, the abundance of the predominant phyla in the BMDa and BZ groups was found to be the closest. The abundance of the genera Lachnospira, Erysipelotrichaceae (p-75-a5), Paraprevotellaceae (YRC22), Mogibacterium, Peptococcaceae (rc4-4), Anaerovibrio, Succinivibrio, and Sphaerochaeta increased in the BMDa and BZ groups (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Alistipes, Sedimentibacter, and Dorea significantly increased only in the BMDa group (P < 0.05). Conclusively, BMD, as well as microbes, improved the intestinal environment and structure to maintain the intestinal health of weaned rabbits.

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Effects of Glutathione on Growth, Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity, Histology, Gene Expression, and Microbiota of Juvenile Triploid Oncorhynchus mykiss

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.784852 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Chang’an Wang ◽

Baohui Su ◽

Shaoxia Lu ◽

Shicheng Han ◽

Haibo Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Control Diet ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Feed Conversion Rate

This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of dietary glutathione (GSH) on growth, intestinal antioxidant capacity, histology, gene expression, and microbiota in juvenile triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Different diets (G0-control, G100, G200, G400, and G800) containing graded levels of GSH (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800mgkg−1) were fed to triplicate groups of 30 fish (initial mean weight 4.12±0.04g) for 56days. G400 had significantly improved weight gain and feed conversion rate. Based on the broken-line regression analysis, the optimum dietary GSH level was 447.06mgkg−1. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly higher in G200–G800. G200 had significantly lower malondialdehyde content. The height of the intestinal muscular layer in G400 was significantly higher than that of the control group. Intestinal PepT1 and SLC1A5 gene expression was significantly increased, and the highest was observed in G400. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-8 expression were significantly decreased than that of G0. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S rDNA showed a significant difference in alpha diversity whereas no differences in beta diversity. On the genus level, LefSe analysis of indicator OTUs showed Ilumatobacter, Peptoniphilus, Limnobacter, Mizugakiibacter, Chelatococcus, Stella, Filimonas, and Streptosporangium were associated with the treatment diet, whereas Arcobacter, Ferrovibrio, Buchnera, Chitinophaga, Stenotrophobacter, Solimonadaceae, Polycyclovorans, Rhodococcus, Ramlibacter, and Azohydromonas were associated with the control diet. In summary, feeding juvenile triploid O. mykiss 200–800mgkg−1 GSH improved growth and intestinal health.

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Effect of birth of child in the household on changes over 7 years in dietary intake and weight of adults

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120001603 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Méjean ◽

Pascaline Rollet ◽

Wendy Si Hassen ◽

Christine Tichit ◽

Aurélie Lampuré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Life Transition ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

First Child ◽

The Impact

AbstractIntroductionOver the life course, transitions such as parenthood are described in sociological studies as periods of change in attitudes and health practices. The presence of children has been shown to modify adult dietary practices and daily timing of eating occasions, and that the arrival of a child in the household is perceived by parents to be related to changes in their dietary behaviors. Nevertheless, no epidemiological study has evaluated the impact by a longitudinal approach. The objective of our study was to assess the effect of the birth of a first child in a household on dietary intake and weight of adults over a 7-year follow-up period.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted in 3955 adults included in the NutriNet-Santé cohort study between 2009 and 2010. At baseline and every year, dietary intakes were assessed using 24 h records. In this sample, 185 individuals experienced the birth of a first child in their household during the 7 years of follow-up. Changes in weight, assessed by self-administered questionnaire each year, were analyzed only in women (n = 115). Repeated measures of dietary intake and weight were analysed using mixed models adjusted for sex, age, education level and energy with random effects of time and period (before and after birth of the child) to assess changes following the life event.ResultsThe birth of a first child in the household was associated with a decrease in the score of adherence to French recommendations (PNNS score, β [95% CI] = -0.45 [-0.74; -0.16]), in intakes of fruits and vegetables, meat and processed meat, and vitamin C (respectively, β = -0.30 [-0.43; -0.17]); β = -0.20 [-0.32; -0.17]); β = -0.54 [0.88; -0.19])). The birth of a first child in the household was also associated with an increase in intakes of saturated fatty acids and sodium (respectively, β = 1.49 [0.51, 2.45]); β = 0.31 [0.20; 0.43])). The birth of a first child was associated with weight gain in women (β = 1.70 [1.07, 2.33]).ConclusionOur study has shown that the birth of a first child in the household was associated with rather unhealthy dietary changes. These results could be used to guide public health interventions by focusing on this specific life transition.

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A systematic review of interventions to improve the dietary intake, physical activity and weight status of children attending family day care services

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019005275 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 2211-2220

Author(s):

Sze Lin Yoong ◽

Melanie Lum ◽

Jannah Jones ◽

Erin Kerr ◽

Maryann Falkiner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Day Care ◽

Weight Status ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Control Group ◽

Family Day Care ◽

Care Services ◽

Intervention Cost ◽

The Impact

AbstractObjective:To (i) identify and synthesise findings from interventions to improve the dietary intake, physical activity and weight status of children aged 0–6 years attending family day care services; and (ii) assess the impact of interventions on family day care environments, intervention cost and adverse outcomes.Design:Medline in Process, PsycINFO, ERIC, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Scopus databases were searched in March 2019. Studies were included if they (i) evaluated an intervention to improve the diet, physical activity and/or weight of children aged 0–6 years; (ii) were delivered in family day care services; (iii) targeted child diet, physical activity and/or weight; and (iv) used a parallel control group design. Screening was undertaken by two reviewers with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer.Setting:Family day care services, also known as family childcare homes.Participants:Children aged 0–6 years attending family day care services.Results:In total, 8977 titles were retrieved, and 199 full-texts reviewed. No studies met the inclusion criteria for the primary outcome; however, two studies reporting on the secondary outcome of family day care environments were included. The 4-year community-wide obesity prevention programme and the 12-month train-the-trainer programme both reported statistically significant improvements in the healthy eating and physical activity environments of family day care, compared to cross-sectional state-average control groups.Conclusions:Findings highlight few existing interventions in family day care services and a need for high-quality controlled trials to identify effective interventions to improve children’s diet, activity and weight in this setting.

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Health Promotion Intervention to Improve Diet Quality in Children

Health Promotion Practice ◽

10.1177/1524839916634096 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 253-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rafaela Rosário ◽

Ana Araújo ◽

Patrícia Padrão ◽

Oscar Lopes ◽

André Moreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Cognitive Theory ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Control Group ◽

Diet Quality Index ◽

The Impact

Objective. This study aims to evaluate the impact of an intervention program, taught by trained teachers, on foods and nutrients components of the Diet Quality Index–International among children in Grades 1 to 4. Method. A total of 464 children (239 female, 6-12 years) from seven elementary Portuguese schools participated in this randomized trial. Three schools were allocated to the intervention, and four to the control group. The intervention program was based on the health promotion model and social cognitive theory. Teachers previously trained by researchers in nutrition, healthy eating, and healthy cooking implemented the intervention in the classroom from November 2008 to March 2009. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, physical activity, and dietary assessments were performed before (2007/2008) and at the end of the intervention (2009). Dietary intake was gathered by a 24-hour dietary recall and the components of Diet Quality Index–International were defined. Results. Children from the intervention schools reported a significantly higher adequacy in vegetable consumption (p = .018) and a significantly higher moderation in sodium consumption (p = .032) compared with the controllers. Conclusion. Our study provides further support for the success of intervention programs that aim to enhance children’s dietary intake. Implementing similar interventions can be promising to support vegetable consumption and moderate sodium intake.

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Risk of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia and Oral Hygiene

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1159/000440733 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (1-2) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Cynthia Wagner ◽

Sarah Marchina ◽

Judith A. Deveau ◽

Colleen Frayne ◽

Kim Sulmonte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Academic Medical Center ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

The Impact

Background: Pneumonia is a major complication of stroke, but effective prevention strategies are lacking. Since aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions is the primary mechanism for development of stroke-associated pneumonia, strategies that decrease oral colonization with pathogenic bacteria may help curtail pneumonia risk. We therefore hypothesized that systematic oral care protocols can help decrease pneumonia risk in hospitalized stroke patients. In this study, we investigated the impact of a systematic oral hygiene care (OHC) program in reducing hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with acute-subacute stroke. Methods: This study compared the proportion of pneumonia cases in hospitalized stroke patients before and after implementation of a systematic OHC intervention. All patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to a large, urban academic medical center in Boston, Mass., USA from May 31, 2008, to June 1, 2010 (epoch prior to implementation of OHC), and from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2013 (epoch after full implementation of OHC), who were 18 years of age and hospitalized for ≥2 days were eligible for inclusion. The cohort in the first epoch constituted the control group whereas the cohort in the second epoch formed the intervention group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for confounders. The main outcome measure was hospital-acquired pneumonia, defined via International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Results: The cohort comprised 1,656 admissions (707 formed historical controls; 949 were in the intervention group). The unadjusted incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia was lower in the group assigned to OHC compared to controls (14 vs. 10.33%; p = 0.022) with an unadjusted OR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.48-0.95; p = 0.022). After adjustment for influential confounders, the OR of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the intervention group remained significantly lower at 0.71 (95% CI 0.51-0.98; p = 0.041). Conclusion: In this large hospital-based cohort of patients admitted with acute stroke, systematic OHC use was associated with decreased odds of hospital-acquired pneumonia.

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