scholarly journals The concentration of testosterone, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, and protamine 1 in the serum of male chicken following administration of epididymis and testicular extracts and their combination

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1101-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholib Gholib ◽  
Rinidar Rinidar ◽  
Fitriani Fitriani ◽  
T. Zahrial Helmi ◽  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Male Chicken ◽  
And Control ◽  
Protamine 1

Background and Aim: Testis and epididymis are male reproductive organs that play an important role in spermatogenesis. These two organs are rich in the content of hormones and other molecules needed in the process of spermatogenesis which affect the quality of the spermatozoa. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the administration of epididymis and testicular extracts and their combination on testosterone, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), and protamine 1 (PRM1) concentrations in the serum of male chicken. Materials and Methods: Twenty male chickens (broiler strain Cp707), aged 3 weeks and weighing 800-1000 g, were randomly divided into four different groups including a control group (T0) = injected with 1 ml normal saline and treatment groups: T1 = injected with 1 ml epididymis extract, T2 = injected with 1 ml testicular extract, and T3 = injected with a combination of 1 ml epididymis + 1 ml testicular extract. The experiment was conducted for 13 days and at the end of the study (day 14), the chickens were sacrificed to obtain the serum. Furthermore, the concentrations of testosterone, PACAP, and PRM1 were then measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: The concentrations of PACAP and PRM1 did not show a significant difference between treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) and control group (T0) (p>0.05). However, the concentration of testosterone showed a significantly higher difference in a group injected with a combination of 1 ml epididymis and 1 ml testicular extracts (T3) compared to the control group (T0) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The administration of epididymis and testicular extracts and their combination did not affect the increase of PACAP and PRM1 concentration. However, a combination of these extracts significantly affects the increase of testosterone concentration in the serum of male chicken.

scholarly journals P187 The significance of netrin-1 level in the clinical activity of ulcerative colitis, its association between TNF-α and IL-6

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S232-S232
Author(s):  
H Korkmaz ◽  
K Fidan
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background In this study, we investigated the importance of netrin-1 levels in ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical activity of the disease, and its association with other proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Methods This study is a type of case–control study. Sixty-seven patients with UC (36 of them activation, 31 of remission) and 50 healthy controls were included in the study. UC patients; ‘Truelove Witts clinical activity index by remission (n = 31), mild activation (n = 21), moderate activation (n = 6) and severe activation (n = 9) were divided into groups. Netrin, IL-6 and TNF-α measurements in plasma samples were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results Between the patient group and the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between netrin-1, IL-6, TNF-α, neutrophil, platelet (p &lt; 0.05 for all). The plasma netrin-1 mean of UC with severe activation group (139.21 ± 48.09 pg/ml) was statistically significantly higher than that of the mild activation (p = 0,037), remission group (p = 0,001) and control group(p = 0,011). The plasma netrin-1 mean of UC with moderate activation group was statistically significantly higher than that of the mild activation(p = 0,045) and remission group(p = 0,004). Conclusion Our results reveal that plasma netrin-1 levels have been shown to be associated with UC activation, similar to proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, in UC.

Efficacy of Fenbendazole and Ivermectin against Trichuris spp. in African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) in Barbados West Indies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamara JR Rhynd ◽  
Daniel P Walsh ◽  
Linnell CM Arthur-Banfield
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bayesian Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Proportional Reduction ◽  
Green Monkeys

Trichuris spp. are common helminths in NHP, and benzimidazoles and avermectins have both been used to treat theseintestinal parasites. The current study compared the efficacy of fenbendazole and ivermectin against natural infection ofTrichuris spp. in African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus). Anthelmintic-naive animals (n = 65) were randomly assignedto 4 groups: an untreated control group, and 3 groups treated with either fenbendazole, ivermectin, or both compounds. Fecalsamples were collected before treatment and on days 7, 14, 28, and 60 after treatment, and fecal egg counts (FEC) were determined by using fecal flotation. The mean percentages of FEC reduction at day 60 were 100%, 86%, and 100% for treatmentwith fenbendazole, ivermectin, and both compounds, respectively. Analyzing the time series of FEC by using a Bayesian generalized linear model showed no significant difference in the proportional reduction in FEC among the 3 treatment groups, although all FEC from treated groups were significantly lower than the FEC of the control group. In contrast, the probability of shedding was highest in the ivermectin group and the lowest in the animals treated with both compounds. The probability of shedding differed significantly between the fenbendazole and ivermectin groups and between the ivermectin and combined-treatment groups. In conclusion, both fenbendazole and ivermectin are effective anthelmintics in treating Trichuris spp. infection in African green monkeys. All treatment groups showed significant reductions in FEC when compared with baseline counts and control animals; however, fenbendazole may be more effective than ivermectin when used solely or in combination with other anthelmintic treatments.

Efficacy of Imagery and Meditation Techniques in Treating Psoriasis

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Gaston ◽  
Jean-Charles Crombez ◽  
Jacques Joly ◽  
Sheilagh Hodgins ◽  
Marc Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Using a dismantled time-series design, eighteen subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: meditation ( N = 5); meditation and imagery ( N = 4); waiting list ( N = 5). Treatment lasted twelve weeks, while pre- and post-baseline periods were of four weeks. An assessment control group control was also used during baseline periods ( N = 4). The severity of psoriasis symptoms was reliably rated by dermatologists. While controlling for extraneous factors influencing psoriasis symptoms, a time-series multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant difference between the mean psoriasis ratings of treatment and control groups after treatment (partial r = .30, p < .01). No additional impact was associated with the use of the imagery technique (partial r = − .06, p > .05). Four subjects in the treatment groups, two in each condition, succeeded in clinically improving their psoriasis symptoms, and none deteriorated. The practice of mediation may be clinically effective for some patients in reducing their psoriasis symptoms.

Comparison of Students Taught Basketball Skills Using Mastery and Nonmastery Learning Methods

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie L. Blakemore ◽  
H. Gill Hilton ◽  
Joyce M. Harrison ◽  
Tracy L. Pellett ◽  
James Gresh
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Strategy ◽  
Mastery Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Competitive Game ◽  
Game Situation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Mastery learning is an instructional strategy that embraces the philosophy that almost any student can learn what is being taught given sufficient time and help. Through Bloom’s group-based, teacher-paced model, 71 seventh-grade boys were taught basketball skills. Students in two treatment groups (mastery and nonmastery) and a control group were compared on the performance of psychomotor skills in isolation and in a competitive game situation before, midway through, and following their training. Students in the mastery group were not taught new skills until 80% had mastered the present skills. The mastery group performed significantly better on isolated skills than did the nonmastery and control groups. There was no significant difference between groups in the performance of skills in a competitive game situation.

The Resuscitative and Pharmacokinetic Effects of Humeral Intraosseous Vasopressin in a Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Burgert ◽  
Arthur D. Johnson ◽  
Jose Garcia-Blanco ◽  
Lawrence V. Fulton ◽  
Michael J. Loughren
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractIntroductionThe American Heart Association (AHA; Dallas, Texas USA) and European Resuscitation Council (Niel, Belgium) cardiac arrest (CA) guidelines recommend the intraosseous (IO) route when intravenous (IV) access cannot be obtained. Vasopressin has been used as an alternative to epinephrine to treat ventricular fibrillation (VF).Hypothesis/ProblemLimited data exist on the pharmacokinetics and resuscitative effects of vasopressin administered by the humeral IO (HIO) route for treatment of VF. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of HIO and IV vasopressin, on the occurrence, odds, and time of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and pharmacokinetic measures in a swine model of VF.MethodsTwenty-seven Yorkshire-cross swine (60 to 80 kg) were assigned randomly to three groups: HIO (n=9), IV (n=9), and a control group (n=9). Ventricular fibrillation was induced and untreated for two minutes. Chest compressions began at two minutes post-arrest and vasopressin (40 U) administered at four minutes post-arrest. Serial blood specimens were collected for four minutes, then the swine were resuscitated until ROSC or 29 post-arrest minutes elapsed.ResultsFisher’s Exact test determined ROSC was significantly higher in the HIO 5/7 (71.5%) and IV 8/11 (72.7%) groups compared to the control 0/9 (0.0%; P=.001). Odds ratios of ROSC indicated no significant difference between the treatment groups (P=.68) but significant differences between the HIO and control, and the IV and control groups (P=.03 and .01, respectively). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated the mean time to ROSC for HIO and IV was 621.20 seconds (SD=204.21 seconds) and 554.50 seconds (SD=213.96 seconds), respectively, with no significant difference between the groups (U=11; P=.22). Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of vasopressin in the HIO and IV groups was 71753.9 pg/mL (SD=26744.58 pg/mL) and 61853.7 pg/mL (SD=22745.04 pg/mL); 111.42 seconds (SD=51.3 seconds) and 114.55 seconds (SD=55.02 seconds), respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated no significant difference in plasma vasopressin concentrations between the treatment groups over four minutes (P=.48).ConclusionsThe HIO route delivered vasopressin effectively in a swine model of VF. Occurrence, time, and odds of ROSC, as well as pharmacokinetic measurements of HIO vasopressin, were comparable to IV.BurgertJM, JohnsonAD, Garcia-BlancoJ, FultonLV, LoughrenMJ. The resuscitative and pharmacokinetic effects of humeral intraosseous vasopressin in a swine model of ventricular fibrillation. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):305–310.

scholarly journals The concentration of androgen receptor and protein kinase A in male chicken following the administration of a combination of the epididymis and testicular extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1594-1598
Author(s):  
Muslim Akmal ◽  
Gholib Gholib ◽  
Mustafa Kamal Nasution ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Rinidar Rinidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinase A ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Male Chicken ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Kinase A

Background and Aim: Testis (T) and epididymis (E) are waste from the abattoir that is rarely used. In fact, both organs contain important chemicals needed for spermatogenesis (e.g., hormones, proteins, and other molecules). Therefore, administration of a combination of testis and epididymis (CTE) extracts may activate androgen receptors (AR) and protein kinase A (PKA) molecules that play a prominent role in spermatogenesis. We, therefore, aimed at investigating the influence of the CTE extracts on the concentration of AR and PKA in male chicken. Materials and Methods: This study used a completely randomized design with four treatment groups (K0, K1, K2, and K3) and five replications per group. K0 is a control group that received 1 mL normal saline, whereas K1, K2, and K3 are the test groups that received 1, 2, and 3 mL of CET extracts, respectively. Twenty male chickens (strain: broiler Mb 89), 3 weeks of age, weighing 500-700 g were used. We administered the injections in a 13-day period and on the 14th day; we collected and processed blood samples as serum to measure the AR and PKA concentrations using commercial chicken AR and PKA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, respectively. We performed analyses by analysis of variance using SPSS 20.0. Results: The AR concentrations in K1, K2, and K3 groups increased by 4.26%, 10.97%, and 28.04%, respectively, compared to the K0 (control group). However, this increase was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). Moreover, the PKA concentrations increased by 2.97%, 2.60%, and 4.08% in K1, K2, and K3 groups, respectively, compared to the control group. However, this increase was not significantly different between the groups as well (p>0.05). Conclusion: The CTE extracts tended to increase the AR and PKA concentrations even though it is not significant. Therefore, it needs further study when using the CTE extracts for spermatogenesis in male chicken.

scholarly journals Effects of Bacillus subtilis ZJ-2019-1 on Zearalenone Toxicosis in Female Gilts

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Junnan Zhang ◽  
Yunduo Zheng ◽  
Hui Tao ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Serum Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this research was to investigate the toxicity of zearalenone (ZEN) on the growth performance, genital organs, serum hormones, biomarkers, and histopathological changes of female gilts and to evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in alleviating ZEN toxicosis in gilts. Twenty-four female gilts were randomly allocated to four groups with six replicates per group and one gilt per replicate, fed on four feeds prepared previously, which were basic diet (control group, C group), ZEN diet (Z group), Zlb diet (Zlb group) containing B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in liquid form, and Zdb diet (Zdb group) containing B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in dehydrated form. The results showed that the vulva size and relative weight of reproductive organs had no significant difference in the control group, Zlb group, and Zdb group, but were significantly lower than in the Z group (p < 0.05); the relative weight of the liver was lower in the C group, Zlb group, and Zbd group than in the Z group (0.05 < p < 0.1). The concentration of serum glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) was lower, but follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was higher in the Z group, Zlb group, and Zdb group than in the Z group (0.05 < p < 0.1). Additionally, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration had no significant difference in the C group, Zlb group, and Zdb group but was significantly lower than in the Z group (p < 0.05); estradiol (E2) was significantly lower in the Zlb group and Zdb group than that in C group, but significantly higher than that in Z group (p < 0.05); PRL was significantly higher in the Zlb group and Zdb group than in the C group, but was significantly lower than in Z group (p < 0.05). ZEN and its reduced metabolites were measured in biological samples after enzymatic hydrolysis of the conjugated forms. The concentration of serum ZEN and its metabolite, α-zeralenol (α-ZOL), had no significant difference in Zlb, Zdb, and control groups but was significantly lower than in the Z group (p < 0.05); urine ZEN and its metabolites, α-ZOL and β-zeralenol (β-ZOL), had no significant difference in Zlb, Zdb, and control groups but was significantly lower than in the Z group (p < 0.05). Cell damages were observed in the liver, uterus, and ovary of gilts in the Z group and alleviated in Zlb and Zdb groups, but the loss of oocytes was irreversible in the ovary. The ZEN-contaminated diet caused serious changes in female hormones and brought harm to the livers and reproductive organs, but B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 could naturally remove the ZEN significantly, which ameliorated the reproductive impairment in gilts caused by ZEN. The addition of B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 to ZEN-contaminated feeds could ameliorate the toxic effects effectively, regardless of liquid or dry culture. Therefore, the B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 strain has great potential industrial applications.

scholarly journals Study of sub-clinical endometritis on the basis of endometrial thickness and endometrial cytology in dairy cows after parturition

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Sharma ◽  
Madhumeet Singh ◽  
Neelam . ◽  
Pravesh Kumar ◽  
P. K. Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Endometrial Cytology

Dairy cows assigned to four treatment groups were administered PGF2 analogue (Cloprostenol) on day 8 (n=5), day 25 post partum (n=5), or antibiotic from day 1 to 5 postpartum (n=5), or kept as untreated control (n=5). The monitoring of endometrial thickness of previous gravid and non-gravid uterine horn was performed by transrectal ultrasound scanning on day 43 but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) found between treatment and control group. Endometrial cytology confirmed sub-clinical endometritis in cows under control group based on the mean percentage of PMN cells. Similarly, PMN cells were statistically different (p Lass Than 0.05) between PG8 and control group.

scholarly journals The Effect of Time on Apoptosis Changes Following Ischemia-Reperfusion in Isolated Heart of Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Yusef Dostar ◽  
Alireza Gorjani ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi ◽  
Rambod Rezapour Shahir
Keyword(s):  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
One Way Anova

Background and objective: To study the time-dependent effects of ischemia – reperfusion on myocardium cells. Methodology: Male SD rats (270-330gr) were randomly grouped in four groups of 10 in an experimental study. After anesthesia using pentobarbital sodium (50-60 IP-kg/mg) the rats’ hearts in the treatment groups were isolated immediately and connected to langendorff apparatus with krebs solution at 37ºC and a fixed pressure. During stabilization, 30m ischemia and 60, 90, and 120min reperfusion was carried out on the hearts. Hearts of the control group remained intact. Immunhistochemistry of apoptotic cells was performed using TUNEL POD Kit and positive TUNEL myocardium cells of each group, in five microscopic view fields, was counted. The results were represented as mean ± SD. Findings: Apoptotic cell counts in control group was 1±0.4, and this figure in the treatment groups T/60min, T/90min, and T/120min was 2.0±0.5, 3.0±0.3, and 6.0±0.3 respectively. Comparison between the treatment groups and control group was carried out using one-way ANOVA and the results showed no significant difference between the groups T/90min and T/120min and the groups T/60 and control (p>0.05). However, the differences between the groups T/120min and T/60min (p<0.001) and groups T/120min and T/90min (p<0.01) was significant. Conclusion: The study showed that ischemia-reperfusion time can be effective on apoptotic changes of myocardium cells of heart.

The Effect of Anti Pollutant Gel from Sansevieria trifasciata on Malondialdehyde Level and Histopathology of Rats’ Liver and Lungs Induced by Cigarette, Coal, and Mosquito Smoke

2020 ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
Irfan Kesumayadi ◽  
Luh Ayu Nanamy Khrisnashanti Eva Susila ◽  
Ericko Hartanto ◽  
Darmawati Ayu Indraswari
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pregnane Glycoside ◽  
And Control ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Gross Examination

Gas pollutants that accumulate in the room with restricted air circulation may cause respiratory system disorders. A pregnane glycoside compound from Sansevieria can reduce the pollutants. This study aims at producing gels from Sansevieria extract to neutralize indoor gas pollutants. Sansevieria extract is produced by the maceration process with composition 8 g simplicia and 100 ml ethanol 96%. The extract was processed into the gel with a 20% concentration. The gel was applied to rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain induced by cigarette, coal, and mosquito smoke with positive control and treatment groups. After 8 days, the Gross examination and histopathology of lungs and liver were observed quantitatively. MDA levels were measured with the TBARS method. Data were analyzed by independent sample T-test and Mann-Whitney test with p-value considered significant if <0,05. Gross examination of lungs showed a significant difference between the treatment and control group that was induced by coal smoke (p=0.031), and mosquito smoke (p=0.006), and the liver’s gross of cigarette smoke (p=0.040). Histopathology of lungs showed a significant difference in mosquito smoke (p=0.032) and no significant difference in histopathology of the liver. MDA levels showed significant difference in coal smoke (p=0.020) and mosquito smoke (p=0.000). In conclusion, anti pollutant gel reduces MDA levels and damage of the lungs induced by pollutants.

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