Antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis mossambicus) in Malaysia

Background and Aim: Aeromonas hydrophila is a major cause of bacterial infections affecting a wide range of warm water fishes worldwide. In Malaysia, A. hydrophila isolations from diseased fishes were previously reported; however, with limited information. The present study investigates the antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity of A. hydrophila isolated from farmed red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A. hydrophila was biochemically identified and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests. The isolate was then intraperitoneally injected into red hybrid tilapia, and the mortality, clinicopathological changes, and LD50 were determined up to 240 h post-infection (hpi). Results: The isolate demonstrated multiple antibiotic resistances (MAR) toward amikacin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and streptomycin, with a MAR index of 0.5. The experimental infection of A. hydrophila at 105 CFU/mL in the red hybrid tilapia resulted in 100% mortality at 240 hpi. The LD50 was determined at 1.1×104 CFU/mL. Infected fish demonstrated occasional erratic swimming patterns, localized hemorrhages and depigmentation on the body and operculum areas, fin erosion, enlargement of the gall bladder, and hemorrhage in internal organs. Microscopic observation of infected fish revealed brain congestion, tubular necrosis, and glomerular shrinkage in the kidneys, necrosis of hepatocytes, and congestion of blood vessels in the liver. Conclusion: The high virulence of A. hydrophila to the red hybrid tilapia emphasizes the importance of active, on-going monitoring of its prevalence in Malaysian tilapia farming.

Download Full-text

Isolation and identification of motile Aeromonas spp.from different sources

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2011.5.3.185 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 56-65

Author(s):

Samira Y. Yousif ◽

Rasha Abid Ali Al-Khalidi

Keyword(s):

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Aeromonas Sobria ◽

Aeromonas Caviae ◽

Susceptibility Tests ◽

Different Sources

Total of 507 samples (clinical, environmental, food) were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad, water, soil, and different food stuffs. Biochemical and morphological characterization tests showed that seventeen isolates were identified as Aeromonas spp.These were farther characterized as Aeromonas hydrophila 10 isolates, Aeromonas sobria 2 isolates, Aeromonas eucrenophila 3 isolates, one isolate belongs to Aeromonas caviae and another one belongs to Aeromonas schubertii. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of all the isolates towards fifteen antibiotics agents were carried out and results showed that all isolates 100% were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, ampiclox, 99% were resistant to lincomycin, 76.7% to cephalothin, 52.9% to cefotaxime. All isolates except one isolate of Aeromonas eucrenophila were sensitive to meropenem.

Download Full-text

Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Tier-1 Agents Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, and Francisella tularensis Directly From Whole Blood Samples

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.664041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Shahar Rotem ◽

Ohad Shifman ◽

Moshe Aftalion ◽

David Gur ◽

Tamar Aminov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Anthracis ◽

Yersinia Pestis ◽

Francisella Tularensis ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Wide Range ◽

Tier 1 ◽

Whole Blood Samples ◽

Susceptibility Tests

Rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests, performed directly on whole blood samples, will offer great clinical advantages. This issue is of considerable importance when it comes to bioterror pathogens where prompt antibiotic treatment should be offered to infected patients as well as prophylaxis to suspected exposed individuals. Herein, we describe a novel and rapid method, named MAPt, that is based on the direct application of a blood sample onto solid agar that has been embedded with different concentrations of the tested antibiotic. Following a short incubation, bacterial growth is monitored by qPCR. The method was applied on blood cultures and whole blood samples inoculated with the Tier-1 pathogens Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, and Francisella tularensis. The use of agar medium, which better supports the growth of bacteria at low concentrations, together with the use of qPCR, which provides sensitivity and specificity, allowed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination to a wide range of bacterial concentrations, ranging from ∼5 × 102 cfu/ml up to 108 cfu/ml. The omission of the enrichment procedure in blood culture and the isolation step, both required in standard antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs), allowed a dramatic reduction in time to answer, from a few days to a few hours. The total time required for MIC determination was ∼6 h for fast-growing bacteria, such as B. anthracis, and 12–16 h for slow-growing bacteria, represented by Y. pestis and F. tularensis. Accordingly, MAPt may offer health authorities means for public preparedness in the case of a bioterror attack as well as prompt clinical treatment options in common blood stream infections.

Download Full-text

Metastatic Biphasic Primitive Tumor in the Mandible of a Child

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1713306 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (03) ◽

pp. 502-510

Author(s):

Tiago Novaes Pinheiro ◽

Milena Gomes Melo Leite ◽

Fábio Arruda Bindá ◽

André Luiz Tannus Dutra ◽

Naelka Sarmento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Facial Asymmetry ◽

The Body ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

Tubular Necrosis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Child Patient ◽

Therapeutic Procedures ◽

Mandibular Tumors ◽

Neuroectodermal Origin ◽

The Right

AbstractPediatric mandibular tumors present an aggressive biological behavior and difficult diagnosis. A wide range of odontogenic and nonodontogenic tumors comprise the spectrum of these lesions. We report a case of a 1-year-old male child patient showing facial asymmetry symptomatic of an expansive lesion extending throughout the body and ramus of the left hemimandible with a diameter of 8 cm. The histopathological report suggested a high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), recommending further immunohistochemical investigation of the ectomesenchymal or neuroectodermal origin of the tumor cells. The patient evolved with extensive bilateral pleural effusion followed by metastasis in the middle third of the right humerus, and died 2 months after the first biopsy procedure by acute renal failure with tubular necrosis, before a final inconclusive immunohistochemical report was reached. The lack of resources for less-favored regions of Brazil impairs rapid biomolecular examinations such as immunohistochemical resulting in delay of appropriate therapeutic procedures.

Download Full-text

All-electrical monitoring of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility in a microfluidic device

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1922172117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (20) ◽

pp. 10639-10644 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yichao Yang ◽

Kalpana Gupta ◽

Kamil L. Ekinci

Keyword(s):

Microfluidic Device ◽

Electrical Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Microfluidic Channels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽

Susceptibility Tests

The lack of rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests adversely affects the treatment of bacterial infections and contributes to increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here, we describe an all-electrical approach that allows for ultrasensitive measurement of growth signals from only tens of bacteria in a microfluidic device. Our device is essentially a set of microfluidic channels, each with a nanoconstriction at one end and cross-sectional dimensions close to that of a single bacterium. Flowing a liquid bacteria sample (e.g., urine) through the microchannels rapidly traps the bacteria in the device, allowing for subsequent incubation in drugs. We measure the electrical resistance of the microchannels, which increases (or decreases) in proportion to the number of bacteria in the microchannels. The method and device allow for rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests in about 2 h. Further, the short-time fluctuations in the electrical resistance during an antibiotic susceptibility test are correlated with the morphological changes of bacteria caused by the antibiotic. In contrast to other electrical approaches, the underlying geometric blockage effect provides a robust and sensitive signal, which is straightforward to interpret without electrical models. The approach also obviates the need for a high-resolution microscope and other complex equipment, making it potentially usable in resource-limited settings.

Download Full-text

Critical Quality Control Issues of Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests for Developing Countries

International Journal of Pathogen Research ◽

10.9734/ijpr/2021/v7i330184 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-21

Author(s):

Ayodele Oluwaseun Ajayi ◽

Oluwabukola Atinuke Popoola

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽

Susceptibility Tests ◽

And Control ◽

Quality Assurance And Control

Antibiotic therapy has been the mainstay of treatment of bacterial infections and the initial successes of the earlier generations of antibiotics for treatment and prevention of bacterial infections spurred further efforts to discover newer antibiotics. Antibiotic Susceptibility Test (AST) is a standardized procedure usually carried out on cultivable bacterial pathogens to determine their sensitivity to specific antibiotics, and to guide physicians on the best antibiotic treatment regimens for specific infections. The quality assurance and control for antibiotic susceptibility tests should be prioritized in deliberate efforts to reduce the burden of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections in developing countries.

Download Full-text

IgA1 Protease as a Vaccine Basis for Prevention of Bacterial Meningitis

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry ◽

10.1134/s106816202104021x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 805-814

Author(s):

L. S. Zhigis ◽

O. V. Kotelnikova ◽

A. A. Zinchenko ◽

D. M. Karlinsky ◽

Yu. A. Prokopenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Meningitis ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Protein Translocation ◽

The Body ◽

Peptide Bonds ◽

Protective Properties ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Iga1 Protease ◽

Wide Range ◽

Specific Pathogen

Abstract The review covers the study of the protective properties of IgA1 protease and the possibility of creating a vaccine preparation for the prevention of bacterial meningitis of various origins on its basis. Bacterial meningitis belongs to the group of socially dangerous diseases and is characterized by a severe course, numerous complications and high mortality. The approaches used at present in world practice to create antimicrobial vaccines are based on a narrow targeting against a specific pathogen. The development of a monocomponent vaccine against a wide range of bacterial pathogens with a common virulence factor is still relevant. IgA1 protease, a protein that is one of the main virulence factors of a number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, can serve as such an antigen. Bacterial IgA1 protease is uniquely specific for immunoglobulins A1 (IgA1), cleaving peptide bonds in the hinge regions of the IgA1 in humans and other higher primates. Bacteria, getting on the mucous membrane, destroy IgA1, which acts as the first barrier to protect the body from infections. Neutralization of IgA1 protease at this stage can become an obstacle to the development of infection, hindering the adhesion of a number of pathogens that produce this protein. The data available in the literature on the mechanism of antibacterial protection are scattered and ambiguous. The review considers the literature data and the results of our own experiments on the protective activity of IgA1 protease. We have shown that the recombinant meningococcal IgA1 protease and some of its fragments protect mice from infection with a live virulent culture not only of meningococci of the main epidemic serogroups (A, B, C, and W135), but also of some of the most common virulent pneumococcal serotypes. The data obtained indicate the possibility of creating a monocomponent vaccine against these and, possibly, other bacterial infections. Currently, significant progress has been made in studying the structure and functions of secreted proteins in the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae. In this review we describe protein translocation systems of N. meningitidis, which are related to the secretion of proteins in these bacteria, and also present modern data on the functions of these proteins. Analysis of experimental data on the structure of IgA1 protease of N. meningitidis and the formation of immunity during vaccination is of key importance in the development of prophylactic preparations.

Download Full-text

Histopathological spectrum of chronic skin ulcers in a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Clinical Trials ◽

10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20192872 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Imza Feroz ◽

Abdul Haseeb Wani ◽

Mir Wajahat Un Nazir ◽

Mohammad Iqbal Lone ◽

Arshed Hussain Parry

Keyword(s):

Skin Biopsy ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

The Body ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Diabetic Ulcer ◽

Skin Ulcers ◽

Wide Range

Background: The skin is the largest organ of the body, comprising of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. Thus, a wide range of diseases can develop from the skin ranging from infectious diseases to malignancy, some of which may present as non-healing ulcers. Skin biopsy forms the fundamental basis for differentiation of similar looking lesions, thus helping the pathologists to make a definitive diagnosis and more so to the clinician for better management of patients. The objective was to study the histopathological spectrum of chronic non healing ulcers of skin for proper management and treatment.Methods: This was a hospital-based study which was conducted in SKIMS, Soura, a tertiary care hospital of Kashmir valley for a period of 1 year extending from January 2018 to December 2018. All the patients who presented with the complaint of non-healing ulcer for more than 4 to 6 weeks were subjected to skin biopsy and histopathological examination.Results: A total of 260 biopsies were examined. Out of 260 patients 146 were males and 114 were females. Ninety out of 260 cases (34.61%) and 170 (65.39%) were diagnosed as malignant and benign ulcers respectively.Diabetic ulcer was the second most common cause of non-healing ulcers followed by bacterial infections and tuberculosis. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common neoplastic pathology.Conclusions: It was concluded from the study that non-healing skin ulcers can be encountered at any age in daily medical practice.

Download Full-text

Natural Antibiotic Susceptibilities ofEdwardsiella tarda, E. ictaluri, andE. hoshinae

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.45.8.2245-2255.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 2245-2255 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Ingo Stock ◽

Bernd Wiedemann

Keyword(s):

Clinical Assessment ◽

Fusidic Acid ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Assessment Criteria ◽

Microtiter Plates ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽

Wide Range ◽

Susceptibility Tests

ABSTRACT The natural antibiotic susceptibilities to 71 antibiotics of 102Edwardsiella strains belonging to E. tarda (n = 42), E. ictaluri(n = 41), and E. hoshinae (n = 19) were investigated. MICs were determined using a microdilution procedure according to NCCLS criteria and German standards. All edwardsiellae were naturally sensitive to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, most β-lactams, quinolones, antifolates, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. Edwardsiella species were naturally resistant to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, glycopeptides, rifampin, fusidic acid, and oxacillin. Although slight species-dependent differences in natural susceptibilities to some antibiotics (e.g., macrolides and cefaclor) were seen, differences in natural susceptibility affecting clinical assessment criteria were only seen with benzylpenicillin. Whereas E. tarda was naturally resistant to benzylpenicillin, E. hoshinae was naturally sensitive. Natural sensitivity and resistance to this penicillin were found among the strains of E. ictaluri.The observed oxacillin sensitivity of E. ictaluriwas attributed to the failure of the species to grow at higher salt concentrations found in oxacillin-containing microtiter plates. The present study describes a database concerning the natural susceptibility of Edwardsiella species to a wide range of antibiotics, which can be applied to validate forthcoming antibiotic susceptibility tests of these microorganisms.

Download Full-text

Creating the Wind

Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture ◽

10.1525/lavc.2020.2.4.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 14-31

Author(s):

Élodie Dupey García

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Communities ◽

The Body ◽

Historical Sources ◽

Natural Behavior ◽

Sensory Experiences ◽

Identity And Agency ◽

Wide Range ◽

Late Postclassic ◽

Comparative Examination ◽

Meteorological Phenomenon

This article explores how the Nahua of late Postclassic Mesoamerica (1200–1521 CE) created living and material embodiments of their wind god constructed on the basis of sensory experiences that shaped their conception of this divinized meteorological phenomenon. In this process, they employed chromatic and design devices, based on a wide range of natural elements, to add several layers of meaning to the human, painted, and sculpted supports dressed in the god’s insignia. Through a comparative examination of pre-Columbian visual production—especially codices and sculptures—historical sources mainly written in Nahuatl during the viceregal period, and ethnographic data on indigenous communities in modern Mexico, my analysis targets the body paint and shell jewelry of the anthropomorphic “images” of the wind god, along with the Feathered Serpent and the monkey-inspired embodiments of the deity. This study identifies the centrality of other human senses beyond sight in the conception of the wind god and the making of its earthly manifestations. Constructing these deity “images” was tantamount to creating the wind because they were intended to be visual replicas of the wind’s natural behavior. At the same time, they referred to the identity and agency of the wind god in myths and rituals.

Download Full-text

Defensive activity of Hesperidin against Ciprofloxacin induced hepatic injury in rabbits.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.10.3.29 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Hawraa M. Murad ◽

Tamadhur Hani Hussein ◽

Audai Sulaiman Khudhair ◽

Manal Muhi Murad ◽

Jawad Kadhim Faris

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Local Breed ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Defensive Activity ◽

Antioxidant Effects

This study was conducted to find out hepatoprotective activity of hesperidin (HES) 100mg/kg body weight (b.w.) against ciprofloxacin (CPX) 100 mg/kg induced hepatotoxicity in local breed rabbits .CPX is a broad spectrum antibiotic used for treatment of many bacterial infections. Twenty four male rabbits were divided into four groups ,group1: control, (1 ml/kg Saline orally) group 2: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) for (14) consecutive days , group 3: HES (100 mg//kg) orally for (14) consecutive days group 4: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) plus HES (100 mg//kg orally ) for (14) consecutive days. All the rabbits were killed on the (15) day of the experiment, and then the blood, and livers samples were taken. CPX induced hepatotoxicity was proved by a significant (p less than 0.01) reduction in the body weight ,and a significant (p less than 0.01) increased serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) , Malonaldehyde enzyme (MAD) and histopathological changes. Protective hepatic toxicity effect and oxidative damage caused by CPX significantly (p less than 0.01) increasing in body weight and significantly (p less than 0.01) decreasing AST , ALT, MAD and improving tissue morphology in HES (100 mg//kg) . These results assure that HES (100 mg//kg) antioxidant effects can protect CPX-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits.

Download Full-text