scholarly journals Aktivitas Anti Inflamasi Ekstrak Biji Litsea Garciae Vidal Pada Odema Telapak Kaki Dan Gambaran Histologis Kaki Mencit

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Mustika Sari ◽  
Henny Sulistiany
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The One

Litsea garciae or malek is a native species from Borneo and belongs to the Lauraceae family. Scientifically, the use of these plants is not widely known. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of Litsea garciae seeds against edema in mice feet and to determine the histology of the carrageenan-induced integument thickness of mice. The study used a completely randomized design with 5 treatment groups. The treatment group consisted of a negative treatment group (K1), a positive treatment group (K2) with 3 different dosages of Malek seed extract groups. The treatment doses used were Malek seed extract at a dose of 0.625 mg/g BW (P1), 1.25 mg/g BW (2), and 2.50 mg/g BW (P3). Edema percentage and integument thickness were analyzed by the One-Way ANOVA test with (α = 0.05). The results showed that the Malek seed extract dose of 0.625 mg/g BW had anti-inflammatory activity against edema of the mice's feet. The percentage of inflammation with doses of 0.625 mg/g BW, 1.25 mg/g BW and 2.5 mg/g BW was 31.10%, 22.58%, and 25.83%. The percentage of reduction in inflammation in the positive control treatment of Na-diclofenac (42.70%) was significantly differ-ent from the treatment of Malek seed extract at a dose of 0.0625–2.5 mg/g BW. The percentage of reduction in inflammation in the group treated with 1.25 mg/g BW (P2) Malek seed extract was not significantly different from the 2.5 mg/g BW (P3) treatment of Malek seed extract. The results of histological observations of mice's feet showed that the extract of Malek seeds did not have a significant effect on the thickness of the carrageenan-induced mice leg integument.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC SEED EXTRACTS OF CITRULLUS LANATUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Iswariya S. ◽  
Uma T. S.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Seed Extracts

Objective: The present study was designed to identify the bioactive phytochemicals and its antibacterial and in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous and methanolic seed extract of Citrullus lanatus.Methods: The phytochemical screening of both the aqueous and methanolic seed extract was carried out qualitatively to identify the major Phyto-constituents present in the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against six pathogenic bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method and the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth dilution method. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of C. lanatus seed extracts was evaluated by using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization and inhibition of albumin denaturation method.Results: The results of the study indicated that both the extracts of the seed having antimicrobial activity, while the methanolic extract showed more significant activity against the tested organism than aqueous extract. Methanol extract had the lowest MIC of 1.562 mg/ml against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, whereas in aqueous extract was highly sensitive to Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia with MIC of 3.125 and 6.25 mg/ml, respectively. Methanolic extracts exerted comparative higher anti-inflammatory activity than aqueous extract.Conclusion: Present study provides a firm evidence to support that the synergistic effect of C. lanatus seed extracts having potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial property, which might serve as an effective drug for various microbial infections and inflammatory disorders.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Anti-Inflammatory Activity, and In Silico Study of Novel Diclofenac and Isatin Conjugates

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Musab Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Tilal Elsaman ◽  
Mosab Yahya Al-Nour
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The design, synthesis, and development of novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with better activity and lower side effects are respectable area of research. Novel Diclofenac Schiff’s bases (M1, M2, M4, M7, and M8) were designed and synthesized, and their respective chemical structures were deduced using various spectral tools (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS). The compounds were synthesized via Schiff’s condensation reaction and their anti-inflammatory activity was investigated applying the Carrageenan-induced paw edema model against Diclofenac as positive control. Percentage inhibition of edema indicated that all compounds were exhibiting a comparable anti-inflammatory activity as Diclofenac. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity was supported via virtual screening using molecular docking study. Interestingly compound M2 showed the highest in vivo activity (61.32% inhibition) when compared to standard Diclofenac (51.36% inhibition) as well as the best binding energy score (-10.765) and the virtual screening docking score (-12.142).

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ASAM KANDIS (GARCINIA XANTHOCHYMUS HOOK. F. EX T. ANDERSON) FRUIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Hanafis Sastra Winata ◽  
Rosidah Rosidah ◽  
Panal Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Garcinia Xanthochymus ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

 Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity in acute and subacute models of inflammation from ethanolic fruit extract of Asam kandis (Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson) in animal (rats) models.Methods: Pleliminary phytochemical screening was carried out by using standard procedures.. Assessment of acute and subacute models of inflammation was using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and cotton pellet granuloma method using three dosage treatments; 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 800 mg/kg BW along with a negative control group (0.5% Na CMC) and positive control (Na diclofenac 2.25 mg/kg BW). The inhibition period was observed at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min time intervals.Result: The phytochemical screening showed that the ethanolic fruit extract from Asam kandis contain contains flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and triterpenoids. The anti-inflammatory result showed that the strongest inhibition produced by ethanolic fruit extract of Asam kandis occurred on the dosage of 800 mg/kg BW compared to the other doses (200 and 400 mg/kg BW) throughout the observation period.Conclusion: This finding indicated that ethanolic fruit extract of Asam kandis (G. xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson) might become an interesting candidate for treatment of inflammation.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF TINOCRISPOSIDE BY INHIBITING NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES-STIMULATED RAW 264.7 CELLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adek Zamrud Adnan ◽  
Muhammad Taher ◽  
Tika Afriani ◽  
Annisa Fauzana ◽  
Dewi Imelda Roesma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of tinocrisposide using lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Tinocrisposide is a furano diterpene glycoside that was isolated in our previous study from Tinospora crispa.Methods: Anti-inflammatory effect was quantified spectrometrically using Griess method by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production after the addition of Griess reagent.Results: The sample concentrations of 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μM and 100 μM of dexamethasone (positive control) have been tested against the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and the results showed NO level production of 39.23, 34.00, 28.9, 20.25, 16.3, and 13.68 μM, respectively, and the inhibition level of 22.67, 33.00, 43.03, 60.10, 68.00, and 73%, respectively.Conclusions: From the study, it could be concluded that tinocrisposide was able to inhibit the formation of NO in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in concentration activity-dependent manner, with half-maximal inhibition concentration 46.92 μM. It can be developed as anti-inflammatory candidate drug because NO is a reactive nitrogen species which is produced by NO synthase. The production of NO has been established as a mediator in inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Epidendrum coryophorum leaves.

Bionatura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1387-1393
Author(s):  
Irina Francesca González Mera ◽  
Orestes Darío López Hernández ◽  
Vivian Morera Córdova
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Epidendrum coryophorum belongs to the Orchidaceae family. Traditional uses of some species for this genus include infusions of the leaves used for kidney problems, treat influenza, conjunctivitis, liver pain, relieve kidney symptoms, and hypoglycemic effect. This work's objective was to determine the phytochemical profile of the ethanolic extract of Epidendrum coryophorum leaves and to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity in vitro of the extract employing the erythrocyte membrane stabilization method. The phytochemical screening carried out in this work suggested phenols, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and sterols in the ethanolic extract of Epidendrum coryophorum leaves. Cardiotonic glycosides and carbohydrates were also found. The ethanolic extract's UV-Vis spectrum showed absorption maxima at 268 nm and 332 nm, which could correspond to flavonoids of the flavonoid classes, 3-OH substituted flavonols, or isoflavones. The quantitative determination of total phenols of the ethanolic extract was carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total phenolic content expressed as mg Gallic acid equivalent (G.A.E.) per gram of extract was found to be 19,96 mgGAE/g of Epidendrum coryophorum. The ethanolic extract of Epidendrum coryophorum leaves showed hemolysis inhibition values ​​of 18,19% at 1,0 mg/mL, 38,98% at 1,5 mg/mL and 40,94% at 2,5 mg/mL compared with aspirin (positive control) giving values ​​of 65,33% at 1,0 mg/mL, 72,26% at 1,5 mg/mL and 73,75% at 2,5 mg/mL. The values ​​obtained for inhibition of hemolysis with ethanolic extract, compared with the values ​​obtained with a pure anti-inflammatory, are significant and demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity in Epidendrum coryophorum. Keywords: Epidendrum coryophorum, total phenolic content, microencapsulation, anti-inflammatory activity

scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF A 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF GOD'S CROWN FRUIT (PHALERIA MACROCARPA) AGAINST PARACETAMOL HEPATOTOXICITY IN SWISS WEBSTER MICE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Tejo Jayadi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: The god’s crown fruits have properties as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. Toxic doses of paracetamol can injure the liver through toxic metabolite bonds with cytoplasmic proteins that cause free radicals to form. The aim of this research is to know the effect of the crown of gods extracts on paracetamol hepatotoxicity. Method: A total of 30 of Webster swiss mice with a weight of ± 20 grams, age 3 months were randomly assigned to five groups, negative control, positive control, treatment 1,2 and 3. A 70% ethanol extract of god’s crown fruit given in doses 60mg, 120mg and 240mg per kgBB mice. The extract was administered for 14 days in the treatment groups, then on day 15 paracetamol ware administered in a given dose 300mg/kgBB for 1 day for the positive control group and treatment groups. On day 16, the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were examined from the orbital sinuses and animals terminated liver tissues taken and immediately fixed in 10% buffer formalin for histological examination. Results and Discussion: The 70% ethanol extract of the god’s crown fruits decreased blood serum levels of AST and ALT, and these results were supported by histopathologic scores of the liver in which histopathologic scores were improved with the increasing doses (p < 0.05). The secondary metabolite contents of the god’s crown fruit extract served as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, protecting hepatic injury from the toxic metabolite of paracetamol. Conclusion: A 70% ethanol extract of god’s crown fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) have hepatoprotective properties that effectively prevent hepatic injury due to paracetamol toxic dose.

scholarly journals Effect extract of Ipomoea pes-caprae leaf as anti-inflammatory non immunological in rat Rattus norvegicus

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Hasanuddin Hasanuddin ◽  
Nurul A. Agusdinianti
Keyword(s):  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
One Way Anova

Ipomoea pes-caprae is one of the plants in Indonesia that has the potential as a traditional herbal medicine to treat inflammation. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of I. pes-capraeleaf extract as anti-inflammatory in edema rats induced by 5% egg white solution. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of 5 treatments, each consisted of 5 rats.The treatment consisted of KN = negative control, KP = positive control, giving  of 25 mg diclofenac sodium, K 100 = giving 100 mg kg-1body weight (BW) of I. pes-capraeleaf extract , K300 = 300 mg kg-1BW of I. pes-capraeleaf extract, and K500 = 500 mg kg-1BW of I. pes-capraeleaf extract. The anti-inflammatory data obtained were tested statistically with a one-way ANOVA test at  99% confidence level and followed by Duncan's test. The ANOVA test results showed that the giving ofI. pes-capraeleaf extract had a very significant effect (p 0.01) on the percentage of inflammatory, obtained Fcount Ftable, 21.46 4.79 at the level of α = 0.01. The treatment of I. pes-capraeleaf extract of 500 mg kg-1BW had the effect of decreasing the volume of edema with the positive control variable using diclofenac sodium 25 mg. It is concluded that I. pes-capraeleaf extract can be used as an anti-inflammatory by decreasing rat feet edema volume. I. pes-capraeleaf extract has a prospect for non-immunological inflammatory natural drug candidates.

scholarly journals Screening for anti-inflammatory activity of extract and fractions of Morinda lucida stem bark and detection of bioactive secondary metabolite

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 031-039
Author(s):  
Chukwubuikem C. Okolo ◽  
Nancy A. Mbachu ◽  
Ogechi O. Anyanwu ◽  
Kenneth G. Ngwoke ◽  
Festus B.C. Okoye
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw ◽  
Ear Oedema ◽  
Rat Paw Oedema

Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae) is a versatile plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of ailments and the claims of its efficacy are particularly remarkable in the treatment of infections and immuno-inflammatory disorders. This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic stem bark extract and fractions of M. lucida and also identifies the phytochemicals responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity. The crude extract was subjected to liquid- liquid partitioning successively with n- hexane, ethylacetate, butanol and water. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the four fractions and Vacuum Liquid Chromatography fraction (VLC) of the promising fraction was evaluated. The effect of the fractions on egg albumen induced rat paw oedema were also evaluated. Anti-inflammatory activity of the fractions was further screened using xylene induce ear oedema models and human red blood cell membrane stabilization test. Ulcerogenic test on the normal stomach mucosa was also evaluated. The result of the egg albumen induced rat paw oedema showed that the butanol fractions maximally inhibited egg albumen induced effect at 400 mg/kg (70%) and 200mg/kg (67.5%) after 180 minutes compared to the positive control, ibuprofen (20mg/kg) with 100% inhibition after 180 minutes. The result of the xylene induced ear oedema showed that the inhibition produced by 100 µg/ear of the Butanol fraction (BF) was 56.67 % and was greater than inhibition produced by 200 µg/ear of ibuprofen (38.89 %). HPLC analysis of the fractions revealed the following phytocompounds; Cytreo- a-pyrone, Cytosporin- J and Waol A. Ulcerogenic test was negative at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the fractions when compare with the indomethacin (positive control) at dose of 50 mg/kg. Human red blood cell membrane stabilization assay showed that BF-VLC 2 (Dichloromethane: methanol (8:2) VLC of Butanol fraction) exhibited concentration dependent inhibition of heat-induced haemolysis while other extract showed a non- concentration dependent inhibition of haemolysis when compared to the standard, ibuprofen. These findings suggest that the stem bark of M. lucida possess promising anti-inflammatory phytocompounds which justify its use in ethno-medicine.

Uji Aktivitas Anti Inflamasi Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine Americana L. Merr) terhadap Stabilisasi Membran Sel Darah Merah

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Roji Septian Hardi ◽  
Slamet Slamet ◽  
Laila Kamilla
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Eleutherine Americana

Abstract:  Dayak onion plants (Eleutherine americana L. Merr) is one of the most common herbaceous plants used by the community as atraditional medicinal plants. Benefts of dayak onion as a medicine for various diseases such as breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, lowering hypertension, anti-inflammatory and lowering cholesterol.. Based on the research, Dayak bulb extract contains compounds such as Flavonoid, Phenol and Tanin are known to have anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to determine the difference of anti-inflammatory activity of Dayak extract (Eleutherine americana L. Merr) compared with diclofenac sodium to stabilization of red blood cell membrane. This research is quasi experimental using stabilization method of red blood cell membrane. This study used purposive sampling technique with Dayak extract on concentration samples 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08% with the repetition of 5 times. Red blood cell lysis Inhibition induced by hipotonis solutionis used as an anti-inflammatory activity measurements. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extract is then compared to positive control (diclofenac sodium). The result of anti-inflammatory activity test showed that the dayak extract which has the highest anti-inflammatory activity was on the extract of 0.08% concentration which was 72.74%, while the most effective concentration of Dayak extract was at a Concentration of 0,02% that is equal to 59,58% of Tukey’s statistical results showed that 0.02% concentration did not differ signifcantly or identical with positive control (diclofenac sodium) at 0.01% concentration of 60.39% with a sample signifcance value of 0.757 ≥ α 0.05 which means that the onion dayak has potential as an antiinflammatoryAbstrak: Tanaman bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana L. Merr) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman herbal semusim yang lazim digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai tanaman obat tradisional. Manfaat tanaman bawang dayak sebagai obat berbagai jenis penyakit seperti kanker payudara, diabetes mellitus, menurunkan hipertensi, antiinflamasi dan menurunkan kadar kolesterol. Berdasarkan penelitian, ekstrak umbi bawang dayak mengandung senyawa berupa Flavonoid, Fenol dan Tanin yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas antiinflamasi ekstrak bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana L. Merr) yang dibandingkan dengan natrium diklofenak terhadap stabilisasi membran sel darah merah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental semu dengan menggunakan metode stabilisasi membran sel darah merah. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan sampel ekstrak bawang dayak konsentrasi 0,005, 0,01, 0,02, 0,04 dan 0,08% dengan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 5. Penghambatan lisis sel darah merah akibat induksi larutan hipotonis digunakan sebagai ukuran aktivitas antiinflamasi. Aktivitas antiinflamasi dari ekstrak tersebut kemudian dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (natriun diklofenak). Hasil uji aktivitas antiinflamasi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bawang dayak yang memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi paling tinggi adalah pada ekstrak konsentrasi 0,08% yaitu sebesar 72,74%, sedangkan konsentrasi yang paling efektif dari ekstrak bawang dayak adalah pada konsentrasi 0,02% yaitu sebesar 59,58% dari hasil uji statistik Tukey menunjukkan pada konsentrasi 0,02% tidak berbeda secara bermakna atau identik dengan kontrol positif (natrium diklofenak) pada konsentrasi 0,01% yaitu sebesar 60,39% dengan nilai signifkansi sampel 0,757 ≥ 0,05 ini menunjukkan bahwa bawang dayak memiliki potensi sebagai antiinflamasi.

Betulinic acid nanogels: rheological, micro structural characterization and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalis Sosa-Gutierrez ◽  
Jorge Toro-Vazquez ◽  
Cynthia Cano-Sarmiento ◽  
Peter Grube-Pagola ◽  
Alejandro Aparicio-Saguilan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Carbopol 940 ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The One ◽  
Activation Times

Background: Betulinic acid (BA) is a lipophilic compound with proven beneficial results in topical inflammation. Nanogels (NG) are carriers of bioactive compounds with properties that make them good candidates to treat skin diseases. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of BA carried in NG. Methods: NG were composed of a nanoemulsion and a crosslinking agent (Carbopol 940®) applied at three concentrations (0.5, 1, and 1.5 %) and three activation times (6, 12 and 24 h). In order to select the optimal formulation, the NG were characterized mechanically and micro-structurally followed by evaluation of the BA anti-inflammatory activity in an in vivomodel of auricular edema. We determined the edema inhibition activity aspercent weight. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of NG was validated through histological analysis. Results: The formulation with the best viscoelastic properties was the one prepared with 0.5% carbopol and 6 h of activation. Microstructural examination of this formulation showed mostly spherical structures with a mean diameter of 65 nm. From the evaluation of edema and the histological analyses, we established that the NG of BA produced 52% inhibition. In contrast, a conventional gel and freeBA produced 28% and 19% inhibition, respectively. Conclusion: The NG of BA showed to be good vehicles to treat skin inflammation.

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