CONTENT OF EXTRACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND POLYSACCHARIDES IN FRUIT BODIES OF GRIFOLA FRON-DOSA CULTIVATED ON LIGNOCELLULUS SUBSTRATES DEPENDING ON EXTRACTION METHODS

The work is devoted to a comparative analysis of the quantitative content of extractives and water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from the fruit bodies of mushrooms Grifola frondosa depending on the extraction methods. As objects of study used strain of fungi G. frondosa 2639, isolated from commercial mycelium. It was established that the yield of fungi in polypropylene bags (volume up to 4500 cm3) was 36.37%, differing little from the yield of fruit bodies in glass containers (volume 800–1000 cm3). Using the hydrolysis of extraction products it was found that the methods of extracting the fruit bodies of G. frondosa with water lead to the extraction of polysaccharides of different composition. It was established that when using extraction methods in the Soxhlet apparatus, boiling and maceration (25.0±1.0 °C), the yield of extractive substances from the fruit bodies of G. frondosa was within the literature data interval and amounted to 6.04, 5.81 and 3.45%, respectively. It was shown that the highest content of water-soluble polysaccharides in the fruit bodies of G. frondosa was found using the extraction method in the Soxhlet apparatus – 14.92 %, differing from boiling and maceration methods (25.0±1.0 °C) in 1.15 and 1.33 times. By HPLC it was found that when maceration extraction was used (25.0±1.0 °C) and boiling, the monomeric composition of the polysaccharides of the fruit bodies of G. frondosa is mainly glucose, mannose, fucose and rhamnose in a ratio of 1.0 : 0.9 : 0.4 : 1.3, respectively. During extraction in the Soxhlet apparatus, their ratio was 1.0 : 1.2 : 0.5 : 1.9.

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Aktywność przeciwutleniająca ekstraktów z wybranych roślin należących do rodziny Rosaceae

Postępy Fitoterapii ◽

10.25121/pf.2018.19.3.149 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Muzykiewicz ◽

Joanna Zielonka-Brzezicka ◽

Adam Klimowicz

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Sorbus Aucuparia ◽

Cydonia Oblonga ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

Rosaceae Family

Introduction. Plants are a valuable source of biologically active compounds, including antioxidants, which could prevent the development of oxidative stress. The members of Rosaceae family such as Sorbus aucuparia L. and Cydonia oblonga Mill. are the examples of plants contained antioxidants. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of leaves and fruits extracts of rowan and quince, taking into account influence of the extrahent as well as extraction method on this activity. Material and methods. The extracts were obtained by classic extraction methods – shaking and extraction in Soxhlet apparatus. Methanol, acetone as well as 70 and 96% (v/v) ethanol were used as solvents. Antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH, FRAP, Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) and ABTS methods. Results. The highest antioxidant activity was found in leaf extracts of both plants. In most cases, rowan extracts showed higher potential than appropriate extracts of quince. The most effective extraction method was extraction in Soxhlet apparatus using methanol (in case of rowan and quince) as well as 96% (v/v) ethanol (quince) and 70% (v/v) ethanol (rowan). The highest results were obtained with FRAP method, whereas the lowest – with DPPH. Conclusions. The presented in vitro results confirmed, that the leaves and fruits extracts of selected plants belonging to the Rosaceae family showed antioxidant activity and could be applied in various industry branches.

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DETERMINATION of QUANTITATIVE CONTENT of EXTRACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM the WOOD, ROOTS AND BARK of CONIFEROUS SPECIES in SIBERIA: LARCH (LARIX SIBIRICA L.), Scotch PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.), FIR (ABIES SIBIRICA L.), SPRUCE (PICEA OBOVATA L.) AND CEDAR (PINUS SIBIRICA DU TOUR.)

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2018044245 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 185-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Людмила (Lyudmila) Андреевна (Andreyevna) Остроухова (Ostroukhova) ◽

Татьяна (Tat'yana) Евгеньевна (Evgen'evna) Федорова (Fedorova) ◽

Нина (Nina) Аркадьевна (Arkad'yevna) Онучина (Onuchina) ◽

Алексей (Aleksey) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Левчук (Levchuk) ◽

Василий (Vasiliy) Анатольевич (Anatol'yevich) Бабкин (Babkin)

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Larix Sibirica ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Raw Material ◽

Pinus Sibirica ◽

Picea Obovata ◽

Coniferous Species ◽

Quantitative Content ◽

Extractive Substances ◽

Pinus Sibirica Du Tour

The study of the quantitative content of extractive substances from various tree organs (wood, roots, bark) of coniferous Siberian specieswas conducted. The larch (Larix sibirica L.), pines (Pinus sylvestris L.), fir (Abies sibirica L.), spruce (Picea obovata L.) and cedar (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) were investigated. Samples of coniferous tissues were selected in the Lake Baikal area in September-October 2015. Extractive substances were extracted from the ground raw material by extraction with ethyl acetate at the boiling point of the solvent for 4 hours. The resinous substances were extracted from the obtained ethyl acetate extracts by hexane by the infusion method for 2 days. The raw material samples, after extraction with ethyl acetate, were dried from solvent residues, then water-soluble substances were extracted by extraction with distilled water at 90 °C for 4 hours [1]. It is established the bark of the investigated coniferous species is most rich in extractive substances. It can contain up to 15% of the mass of absolutely dry matter (a.d.m.) of compounds soluble in ethyl acetate (for example, fir bark). The yield of extractive substances from coniferous wood is comparable with their content in the roots and ranges from 2 to 6% of the a.d.m. The greatest amount of resinous substances contain in wood of cedar and pine. This is more than 3% of a.d.m. The highest yield of water-soluble substances was from larch wood (18% of a.d.m.) and fir bark (10% of a.d.m.). A generalization and systematization of data on the chemical composition of phenolic extractive compounds of various coniferous tissues was carried out. It is shown that all the species under study contain a variety of biologically valuable polyphenols and have good potential for pharmacology, agriculture and forestry.

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N-Hexane, Methyl Ethyl Ketone and Chloroform Solvents for Oil Recovery from Refinery Waste

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.666 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 699 ◽

pp. 666-671

Author(s):

Reem Ahmed ◽

Chandra Mohan Sinnathambi ◽

Usama Eldmerdash

Keyword(s):

Oil Recovery ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Refinery Waste ◽

Solvent Extraction Method ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

Mixing Method ◽

Oily Waste ◽

Land Filling

Considerable amount of oily waste is generated from petroleum refinery in Malaysia. A typical refinery produces about 40 tons of sludge per month. Disposing via land filling (common method) is becoming less accepted and more expensive. As a result, refineries and other facilities have accumulated large volumes of this waste in makeshift landfills or other storage areas. For this reason solvent extraction method has been selected for oil recovery and to minimize the solid waste. Three solvents (chloroform, MEK, and n-hexane) and two extraction methods (sludge–solvent mixing method , and Soxhlet apparatus) were applied to recover the oil from the refinery sludge. Soxhlet extraction method has shown higher efficiency in extraction than sludge-solvent mixing method. Soxhlet extraction method using MEK solvent can recover about 48.3 % of oil, as compared to mixing method which accounts to only about 32.5 % of recovered oil. It has an added recovery of about 7.1 %, 15.8 % and 5.7 % for n-hexane, MEK and chloroform solvents respectively. FTIR results confirmed that MEK has the highest capability to extract hydrocarbon from refinery waste.

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Untargeted metabolite profiling on the water-soluble metabolites of edible bird's nest through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.304-316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 304-316

Author(s):

Shi-Ruo Tong ◽

Ting-Hun Lee ◽

Soon-Keng Cheong ◽

Yang-Mooi Lim

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Metabolite Profiling ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Edible Bird’S Nest ◽

Untargeted Metabolite Profiling

Background and Aim: Edible bird's nest (EBN) is the nutrient-rich salivary bioproduct produced by swiftlets in Southeast Asia. Currently, researchers are exploring the therapeutic effects of EBN, such as cell growth promotion, antioxidant content, antiviral effects, bone strengthening, eyes care, and neuroprotection bioactivities. The therapeutic effects of EBN have been studied through different extraction methods but the metabolites profile of the EBN in each extract has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to profile the water-soluble metabolites of EBN prepared in different extraction methods. Subsequently, an extraction method will be selected as an ideal extraction method for untargeted metabolite profiling on the water-soluble metabolites in EBN. Materials and Methods: In this study, water-soluble metabolites of EBN extracted by the four extraction methods were subjected to metabolite profiling through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The extraction methods were acid extraction(ABN), pancreatic extraction (EzBN), eHMG extraction, and spray drying of HMG extraction (pHMG). The metabolite profiles, such as the number of metabolites and their identities in each extraction method, were evaluated through LC-MS analysis. Results: The identity of metabolites present in the four extraction methods is inconsistent. Based on LC-MS analysis, only one and six metabolites were extracted differently through EzBN and ABN, respectively, in the first pre-screening. Through the second LC-MS screening on pHMG and eHMG extraction methods, eHMG was selected as an ideal extraction method due to the highest numbers of water-soluble metabolites with an amount of 193 was detected. Besides, eHMG extraction method was able to extract sialic acid and a high percentage of secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This study suggests that eHMG is the ideal extraction method for extracting higher number of water-soluble metabolites from EBN and could be further developed as an extraction method for industry application. In addition, this study also has identified the types of primary and secondary metabolites present in EBN.

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Comparative analysis of the quantitative content of growth factors in various forms of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism

Practical medicine ◽

10.32000/2072-1757-2019-7-85-88 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 85-88

Author(s):

Yu. V. Karakulova ◽

◽

T. A. Filimonova ◽

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Quantitative Content

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Optimizing Chitin Depolymerization by Lysozyme to Long-Chain Oligosaccharides

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19060320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Arnaud Masselin ◽

Antoine Rousseau ◽

Stéphanie Pradeau ◽

Laure Fort ◽

Rodolphe Gueret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Symbiotic Associations ◽

Egg White Lysozyme ◽

Hen Egg White ◽

Ecological Transition ◽

Optimized Conditions ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Long Chain

Chitin oligosaccharides (COs) hold high promise as organic fertilizers in the ongoing agro-ecological transition. Short- and long-chain COs can contribute to the establishment of symbiotic associations between plants and microorganisms, facilitating the uptake of soil nutrients by host plants. Long-chain COs trigger plant innate immunity. A fine investigation of these different signaling pathways requires improving the access to high-purity COs. Here, we used the response surface methodology to optimize the production of COs by enzymatic hydrolysis of water-soluble chitin (WSC) with hen egg-white lysozyme. The influence of WSC concentration, its acetylation degree, and the reaction time course were modelled using a Box–Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, water-soluble COs up to the nonasaccharide were formed in 51% yield and purified to homogeneity. This straightforward approach opens new avenues to determine the complex roles of COs in plants.

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Evaluation of DNA Extraction Methods Developed for Forensic and Ancient DNA Applications Using Bone Samples of Different Age

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12020146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Catarina Xavier ◽

Mayra Eduardoff ◽

Barbara Bertoglio ◽

Christina Amory ◽

Cordula Berger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Extraction ◽

Ancient Dna ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Fragment Size ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Degraded Dna ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Dna Fragments ◽

Dna Amount

The efficient extraction of DNA from challenging samples, such as bones, is critical for the success of downstream genotyping analysis in molecular genetic disciplines. Even though the ancient DNA community has developed several protocols targeting small DNA fragments that are typically present in decomposed or old specimens, only recently forensic geneticists have started to adopt those protocols. Here, we compare an ancient DNA extraction protocol (Dabney) with a bone extraction method (Loreille) typically used in forensics. Real-time quantitative PCR and forensically representative typing methods including fragment size analysis and sequencing were used to assess protocol performance. We used four bone samples of different age in replicates to study the effects of both extraction methods. Our results confirm Loreille’s overall increased gain of DNA when enough tissue is available and Dabney’s improved efficiency for retrieving shorter DNA fragments that is beneficial when highly degraded DNA is present. The results suggest that the choice of extraction method needs to be based on available sample, degradation state, and targeted genotyping method. We modified the Dabney protocol by pooling parallel lysates prior to purification to study gain and performance in single tube typing assays and found that up to six parallel lysates lead to an almost linear gain of extracted DNA. These data are promising for further forensic investigations as the adapted Dabney protocol combines increased sensitivity for degraded DNA with necessary total DNA amount for forensic applications.

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Impact of Extraction Method on the Detection of Quality Biomarkers in Normal vs. DFD Meat

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1097

Author(s):

Laura González-Blanco ◽

Yolanda Diñeiro ◽

Andrea Díaz-Luis ◽

Ana Coto-Montes ◽

Mamen Oliván ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Protein Pattern ◽

Stress Protein ◽

Electrophoretic Pattern ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Sds Page ◽

Weight Protein ◽

Triton X ◽

Protein Extractability ◽

Selection Of

The objective of this work was to demonstrate how the extraction method affects the reliability of biomarker detection and how this detection depends on the biomarker location within the cell compartment. Different extraction methods were used to study the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar fractions of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle of young bulls of the Asturiana de los Valles breed in two quality grades, standard (Control) or dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat. Protein extractability and the expression of some of the main meat quality biomarkers—oxidative status (lipoperoxidation (LPO) and catalase activity (CAT)), proteome (SDS-PAGE electrophoretic pattern), and cell stress protein (Hsp70)—were analyzed. In the sarcoplasmic fraction, buffers containing Triton X-100 showed significantly higher protein extractability, LPO, and higher intensity of high-molecular-weight protein bands, whereas the TES buffer was more sensitive to distinguishing differences in the protein pattern between the Control and DFD meat. In the myofibrillar fraction, samples extracted with the lysis buffer showed significantly higher protein extractability, whereas samples extracted with the non-denaturing buffer showed higher results for LPO, CAT, and Hsp70, and higher-intensity bands in the electrophoretic pattern. These findings highlight the need for the careful selection of the extraction method used to analyze the different biomarkers considering their cellular location to adapt the extractive process.

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Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Using an Optimised Dual Extraction Process to Study Human Brain Cancer Cells and Tissues

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11040240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Alison Woodward ◽

Alina Pandele ◽

Salah Abdelrazig ◽

Catherine A. Ortori ◽

Iqbal Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Serum Starvation ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Metabolic Genes ◽

Dual Extraction

The integration of untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics from the same population of cells or tissue enhances the confidence in the identified metabolic pathways and understanding of the enzyme–metabolite relationship. Here, we optimised a simultaneous extraction method of metabolites/lipids and RNA from ependymoma cells (BXD-1425). Relative to established RNA (mirVana kit) or metabolite (sequential solvent addition and shaking) single extraction methods, four dual-extraction techniques were evaluated and compared (methanol:water:chloroform ratios): cryomill/mirVana (1:1:2); cryomill-wash/Econospin (5:1:2); rotation/phenol-chloroform (9:10:1); Sequential/mirVana (1:1:3). All methods extracted the same metabolites, yet rotation/phenol-chloroform did not extract lipids. Cryomill/mirVana and sequential/mirVana recovered the highest amounts of RNA, at 70 and 68% of that recovered with mirVana kit alone. sequential/mirVana, involving RNA extraction from the interphase of our established sequential solvent addition and shaking metabolomics-lipidomics extraction method, was the most efficient approach overall. Sequential/mirVana was applied to study a) the biological effect caused by acute serum starvation in BXD-1425 cells and b) primary ependymoma tumour tissue. We found (a) 64 differentially abundant metabolites and 28 differentially expressed metabolic genes, discovering four gene-metabolite interactions, and (b) all metabolites and 62% lipids were above the limit of detection, and RNA yield was sufficient for transcriptomics, in just 10 mg of tissue.

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