scholarly journals APLIKASI BIOROCK TERHADAP KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP TRANSPLANTASI KARANG DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN IKAN DI PULAU KARIMUNJAWA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Sahala Bonardo Siahaan ◽  
Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo ◽  
Bambang Sulardiono
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
National Park ◽  
T Test ◽  
Coral Growth ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Study Sites

Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (TNKJ) merupakan tempat konservasi bagi lingkungan dan biota. Kualitas terumbu karang di Karimunjawa mempunyai keanekaragaman yang tinggi. Ada berbagai teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk merehabilitasi terumbu karang, salah satunya adalah Biorock.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan karang yang ditransplantasi pada biorock dan mengetahui keanekaragaman ikan yang berada di sekitar biorock. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen lapangan di mana terdapat 2 stasiun penelitian. Biorock digunakan sebagai tempat untuk dijadikannya proses transplantasi karang jenis Acropora sp. Pengukuran pertumbuhan karang dilakukan di dalam air dengan periode selama 2 bulan dengan tenggang waktu 1 bulan menggunakan jangka sorong. Untuk mengevaluasi perbedaan  perbedaan pertumbuhan dan kelangsunggan hidup setiap spesies yang ditransplantasi mempergunakan uji t independen. Spesies terumbu karang yang memiliki persentase kelangsungan hidup paling tinggi adalah Acrophora nasuta. Berdasarkan uji t tentangperbedaan kelulushidupan karang stasiun 1 dan 2 menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (α>0,05). Jenis ikan yang ditemukan pada lokasi penelitian adalah Zanclus sp, Selaroides sp, dan Sigauns sp. Ditemukan pula spesies bulu babi yaitu Diadema sp. Parameter Fisika-Kimia kedalaman, kecerahan, temperatur, pH, dan salinitas pada 2 stasiun sudah memenuhi syarat untuk pertumbuhan karang.  Karimunjawa National Park  is a conservation area for the environment and biota.There are various techniques that can be used to rehabilitate coral reefs, one of which is Biorock. The purpose of this research is to know the survival and growth of transplanted corals in biorock and to know the diversity of fish that are around the biorock. The method used in this research is the field experimental method. The location of this research consists of 2 research stations. Biorock is used as a place to make its transplant coral process type Acropora sp. Measurement of coral growth measured in water for a period of 2 months with a period of 1 month using a vernier caliper. To evaluate differences in growth and survival of each transplanted species using independent t test. The coral reef species that have the highest survival rate is Acrophora nasuta. Based on the result of t test about difference of coral reef life at station 1 and 2 shows that there is no significant difference between them (α> 0,05). Fish species found at the study sites were Zanclus sp, Selaroides sp, and Siganus sp. Also found species of sea urchin is Diadema sp. Physical-Chemical parameters of depth, brightness, temperature, pH, and salinity at 2 stations have included requirements for coral growth.

scholarly journals The effect of invasive species Lantana Camara L. on soil nutrients at Ol-Donyo Sabuk National Park, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
M N Wekhanya ◽  
P. K. Mbugua ◽  
J. K. Mworia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Sites

The aim of this study was to establish whether the invasive plant Lantana camara L. alters the soil chemical properties at Ol-Donyo Sabuk National Park. The key objective was to evaluate the soil nutrient composition in areas invaded by L. camara and how these differ from areas without L. camara. Five study sites were selected by purposeful sampling, out of the existing 10 blocks. Soil samples were collected randomly from L. camara invaded areas and similarly from adjacent areas free from L. camara. The soil samples were subjected to determination of the following nutrients and parameters: pH, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), total organic carbon (TOC), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and sodium (Na). The data obtained was analysed using Two-way ANOVA test to determine difference in nutrients composition in L. camara invaded and non-invaded areas. Three-way ANOVA test was used to gauge the interactions between wet and dry season, invaded and non-invaded areas and study sites. A post-ANOVA test, Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference was done to separate the means. The results from the study indicated L. camara invaded areas had a significant difference in pH, P, N, Mn, Fe and total organic C compared to the patches that had native plants and not invaded by L. camara. High pH also makes P to be more available to plants that is why P was high in the L. camara invaded areas. This study revealed that L. camara remarkably changes the concentration and balance of soil nutrients resulting to a change in chemistry of soil nutrients. This is in a bid to suit its survival to the detriment of the native plant species. This study is hence vital for designing an effective eradication and preventive strategy of L. camara in Ol-Donyo Sabuk National Park and other protected ecological habitats in Kenya.

Effect of summer livestock grazing on plant species richness and composition in the Himalayan rangelands

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Aryal ◽  
Geoff Cockfield ◽  
Tek Narayan Maraseni
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Study Sites

Grazing systems in the high Himalayas are changing in response to socioeconomic factors and policy decisions. As well as effects on livelihood of herders, such changes may have significant impacts on plant species richness and composition. The objectives of this study were to explore how plant species richness and composition respond to livestock grazing in the high Himalayan rangelands. The study was conducted in three mountainous Protected Areas of Nepal viz. Sagarmatha (Mt Everest) National Park, Gaurishankar Conservation Area and Khaptad National Park. Species and environmental data were collected along perpendicular transects outwards from goths (semi-permanent stopping and camping points). It was found that the distance from goths generally represents a grazing disturbance gradient. The core areas near goths had low species richness per plot (α-diversity) where nitrophilous and grazing-tolerant species were commonly found. However, the highest species richness, total numbers of species and occurrences of rare species at mid- and farther distances from goths within 800 m suggest that negative effects of summer livestock grazing were small and confined to limited areas near goths. Altitude, soil moisture content, percentage shrub cover and distance from goths were the variables significantly correlated with species composition, although the relative importance of these factors varied across study sites. This research can be used to inform decision-making about seasonal livestock grazing in the Himalayan rangelands, which should incorporate both ecological as well as socioeconomic considerations.

scholarly journals Tutupan Terumbu Karang pada Kedalaman Berbeda di Perairan Pantai Batu Sungu, Desa Les, Kabupaten Buleleng

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
I Putu Dede Charles Dharma Saputra ◽  
IGB Sila Dharma ◽  
Yulianto Suteja ◽  
Widiastuti Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Coral Growth ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Sites

Bali island has many magnificent underwater coral reef gardens that attract tourists. Besides Pemuteran and Menjangan island waters,  Batu Sungu water has also potential to be a new tourist destination. Thus, to determine the potency and management plan in Batu Sungu waters, this research aimed to examine the overall coral cover, coral growth forms, other benthic forms, and each of their components in 5 and 10 m depths.  The overall coral cover, coral growth forms, other benthic forms, and each of their components were counted by using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. Before collecting data, study sites were observed by using the Manta Tow method. Data were collected in 2 depths (5 dan 10 m) with 5 sites each (replicates) that separates within 50 to 150 m. A 25 m LIT was spread parallel to the coastline above the reefs. Live coral colonies, other benthic forms below the transects were measured for the number, length, and growth forms. Water quality was measured in situ (temperature, current, and clarity) and ex situ (pH). Results showed that the category of coral coverage in Batu Sungu water is "good” in 5 m and "moderate” in 10 m whereas there was no significant difference among each component of the overall coral cover. The most dominant coral growth form among the 2 depths was Coral Massive whereas significantly abundant in 5 m. Moreover, the number of Coral Foliose was found significantly high in the same depth. Other coral growth forms were relatively similar in numbers in two depths.  As likewise, the cover of other benthic forms and its component were not significantly different among two depths, except  Dead Coral with Algae which significantly plentiful in 5 m. Sand was dominantly found in two depths with no significant difference. Furthermore, Coraline Alga was only observed in 5 m, however, there were no Macroalga and Alga Assemblages found at this depth. It is assumed that the similarity number of the overall coral cover, coral growth forms, other benthic forms, and each of their components is related to the alikeness of water quality among the two depths. 

scholarly journals Threat of blast fishing on coral diversity in Peucang Island, Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia

Ocean Life ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
RADEN WILLY WIGUNA GUMBIRA ◽  
FITRI RIZKIA ◽  
TRI DEWI KUSUMANINGRUM PRIBADI ◽  
MUHAMMAD SYAEFUL HIDAYAT
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Coral Coverage ◽  
High Concern ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Blast Fishing ◽  
Study Sites

Gumbira RWW, Rizkia F, Pribadi TDK, Hidayat MS. 2017. Threat of blast fishing on coral diversity in Peucang Island National Park, Indonesia. Ocean Life 1: 26-31. As a maritime country with high biodiversity, the health of Indonesian coral reefs is of high concern. Coral reef ecosystems are friable, and mortality occurs relatively quickly after disturbance, not only by nature but also by human activities such as fish bombing. Fish bombing is a big issue that has always threatened coral reefs, including in Peucang Island, part of Ujung Kulon National Park, a place that is protected by law to preserve its natural diversity. A study on coral coverage was conducted to observe the condition of corals and related biota in a coral reef ecosystem. Data was collected using Point Intercept Transect method in 2m and 8m depths. The results showed that coral coverage in 8-meter depth is only 44.02 percent of the live coral in 2-meter depth. The reduction in the value of Diversity Indices, Dominance Indices as well as the Evenness Index in all study sites led to low diversity, with no dominance by a particular species at any of the study sites. The results also showed that corals are well distributed in both depths. Over the past three years, the damage to corals in Peucang Island had generally increased by 0.7 percent due to fish bombing activities.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Substrate Type and Genet on Growth of Microfragments of Acropora palmata

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Papke ◽  
Bailey Wallace ◽  
Sarah Hamlyn ◽  
Robert Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Coral Growth ◽  
Acropora Palmata ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Survival And Growth

Global decline of coral reefs has led to a widespread adoption of asexual propagation techniques for coral restoration, whereby coral colonies are fragmented and allowed to re-grow before being returned to the reef. While this approach has become increasingly popular and successful, many questions remain regarding best practices to maximize restoration speed, efficiency, and survival. Two variables that may influence growth and survival of asexually fragmented colonies include coral genet and growth substrate. Here, we evaluate the effects of genet and substrate (commercially available ceramic vs. in-house made cement) on the survival and growth of 221 microfragments of elkhorn coral Acropora palmata over 193 days. All corals survived the experimental period, and doubled their initial size in 45 days, with an average growth of 545% over the study duration. Growth was generally linear, though the growth of some corals more closely matched logistic, logarithmic, or exponential curves. Both genet and substrate had significant effects on coral growth, though the two factors did not interact. Genet had a stronger influence on coral growth than substrate, with the fastest genet growing at 216% the rate of the slowest genet. Corals on cement substrate grew at 111.9% the rate of those grown on ceramic. This represents both a significant cost savings and elimination of logistical challenges to restoration practitioners, as the cement substrate ingredients are cheap and globally available. Our work shows that both genet and substrate should be considered when undertaking asexual restoration of Acropora palmata to maximize restoration speed and efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar and Manual Vegetation Control on Early Growth and Survival of Planted Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) Seedlings in Northern Minnesota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Slesak ◽  
Sara G Kelso ◽  
Marcella A Windmuller-Campione
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Survival of planted seedlings following a regeneration harvest can be challenging and early interventions through silvicultural treatments may be required for successful stand establishment. We tested the influence of soil amendment (biochar+compost, compost-only, or control) and vegetation control (VC; applied either initially or annually for five years using brush saws) on the growth and survival of jack pine at three sites in northern Minnesota. Application of the biochar+compost soil amendment increased seedling survival by 30% relative to the control in the first year, but there was no significant difference in survival among soil amendment treatments after five years. Both soil amendments increased diameter growth relative to the control (14% increase with biochar+compost, 10% increase with compost only), with most of the biochar+compost effect attributed to the compost. Annual VC increased diameter growth by 17% relative to initial VC, but overall effects on survival and growth were generally small relative to reported effects of VC via herbicide. The limited short-term influence of biochar and manual VC on growth and survival of jack pine indicates that these practices are likely not an effective means to increase jack pine establishment, but other benefits (e.g., increased carbon storage) may become apparent with time. Study Implications Emerging changes to forest conditions and climate are likely to create challenges for successful regeneration in even-aged silvicultural systems. Early interventions such as application of soil amendments and vegetation control may be required to increase seedling survival. However, our findings indicate that biochar application and manual vegetation control were not very effective at increasing survival and growth of planted jack pine seedlings across a range of site conditions in northern Minnesota. Further study is warranted to determine whether other biochar application rates and techniques or other forms of vegetation control are more effective for successful jack pine establishment.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

SENSITIVITAS ETIS MAHASISWA ATAS PENGGELAPAN PAJAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Nurma Risa
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Management Students

This study aims to prove that there is a difference of perception about ethics on tax evasion in UNISMA Bekasi students, based on selected study program and gender. The sample of this research is the students who have fulfilled the subject of taxation, at the Faculty of Economics (FE) and Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP). Using independent t-test, the results showed that there was no significant difference of perception about tax evasion ethics between FE and FISIP students. But significant differences the perception of tax evasion ethics occur between accounting and management students at FE. Significant differences also did not occur between male and female students

THE EFFECT OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD BREASTFEEDING CONCEPT BASED COMIC ON THE ADOLESCENCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Aprilia Kartikasari ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
T Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background and purpose: The earlier development of the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding produces the longer exclusive breastfeeding duration. Considering the first marriage age among Indonesian, the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding should be developed at the adolescence age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude toward breastfeeding concept based comic on the adolescent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Method: This was a quasy experimental posttest only with control group study. The respondents were provided an comic. The respondent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding was measured using The Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17 years old in both intervention (70%) and control grup (63%), first child in both intervention (23,3%) and control grup (26,7%), and had a nuclear family in both intervention (80%) and control grup (90%). The independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores among the intervention and control groups (t = 5,602, p < 0,01). Conclusion and recommendation: Nurses may use the Attitude Toward Breastfeeding based comic to increase the Adolescence's attitude toward breastfeeding.Keywords: Comic, Attitudes Toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, Adolescence

Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Hafiko Andresni ◽  
Zahtamal Zahtamal ◽  
Winda Septiani ◽  
Mitra Mitra ◽  
Lita Lita
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

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