scholarly journals Effects of salt stress on antioxidant and ascorbate glutathione cycle enzyme activities in Pokkali rice varieties – Vytilla 1-9

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
Lins Simon ◽  
Akkara Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Cycle Enzyme ◽  
H2o2 Content ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

The enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in the released salt tolerant Pokkali, (vytilla, VTL 1-9) varieties were studied under different NaCl concentrations (0-150 mM NaCl). The specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) was determined in plants exposed to salt stress. IR-28 was used as positive control and the VTL varieties were used as negative control. The H2O2 and superoxide (O2-) contents were higher in IR-28 at all the applied concentrations of NaCl. The VTL varieties without salt treatment did not evoke any response substantiating the role of salt priming in antioxidant signalling. The MDA contents were higher in the positive and negative control. MDA content was reduced in the NaCl treated VTL varieties. In the positive and negative control varieties, the quantity of ascorbate and glutathione contents were lesser and upregulated in salt treated VTL varieties. Highest H2O2 content was observed in 150 mM NaCl treatment. The H2O2 contents decreased with the increase in all concentrations of NaCl and lowest H2O2 contents was observed in VTL-1 and highest in VTL-2 and VTL-8 treated with 150 mM NaCl. Superoxide contents varied in all the nine varieties depending on the salt concentration. The SOD levels in all the varieties showed a positive correlation with the superoxide and H2O2 content. Lesser quantities of SOD, CAT and the ascorbate - glutathione cycle enzymes were expressed in the positive and negative control. The increased NaCl concentration (25-150 mM) upregulated antioxidant and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes in the VTL varieties. The APX activity was lower in the control and salt treated plants. The GR activity increased linearly in all the varieties with respect to salt concentrations. The MDHAR and DHAR activities showed marginally linear increase, with all concentrations of NaCl. The APX activity was similar or lower to MDHAR activity while DHAR activity was similar to MDHAR activity. The results of the present study reveals the higher levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants under salt stress reflect the salt tolerance potential of pokkali varieties mediated by the up regulation of ROS scavenging enzymes.

scholarly journals Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2224
Author(s):  
Mira Rahman ◽  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
H2o2 Content ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Different Levels

The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.

scholarly journals 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) Confers Tolerance against NaCl Stress in Soybean Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant System, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alam ◽  
Albalawi ◽  
Altalayan ◽  
Bakht ◽  
Ahanger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Na Uptake ◽  
Glyoxalase Cycle

: The present research was performed to assess the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on salt-stressed soybean plants. Salt stress suppressed growth, biomass yield, gas exchange parameters, pigment content, and chlorophyll fluorescence, but all these parameters were up-regulated by EBR supply. Moreover, salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage. EBR supplementation reduced the accumulation of oxidative stress biomarkers. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the accumulation of proline, glycinebetaine, total phenols, and total flavonoids increased with NaCl stress, but these attributes further increased with EBR supplementation. The activities of enzymes and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants involved in the Asc-Glu cycle also increased with NaCl stress, and further enhancement in these attributes was recorded by EBR supplementation. Salinity elevated the methylglyoxal content, but it was decreased by the EBR supplementation accompanying with up-regulation of the glyoxalase cycle (GlyI and GlyII). Salinity enhanced the Na+ uptake in root and shoot coupled with a decrease in uptake of Ca2+, K+, and P. However, EBR supplementation declined Na+ accumulation and promoted the uptake of the aforementioned nutrients. Overall, EBR supplementation regulated the salt tolerance mechanism in soybean plants by modulating osmolytes, activities of key enzymes, and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants.

scholarly journals Effects of salt stress on physiological and biochemical responses of three maize genotypes at the early seedling stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ali DOĞRU
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

<p>Salt stress is one of the major global problems for crop productivity in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In this study, variations in some physiological parameters, water relations, and antioxidant systems under salinity (300 mM NaCl) among three maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) genotypes (‘P3167’, ‘32K61’, and ‘Bora’) were investigated. Our result indicated that shoot growth is more sensitive to salinity as compared to root growth. Salt stress led to physiological drought in all maize genotypes as indicated by the significant decrease in relative water content and increase in water deficit index. Salt stress increased SOD activity in all genotypes showing an efficient formation and detoxification of superoxide radical. The constant level of oxidative markers (MDA and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and the increased level of the reduced ascorbate and phenolic may indicate that non-enzymatic antioxidants are responsible for the elimination of oxidative stress. Changes in ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities under salinity demonstrated a functional failure in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, especially in ‘P3167’ and ‘32K61’. Based on the presented results we may conclude that the genotype ‘Bora’ is tolerant to salinity while ‘P3167’ and ‘32K61’ are sensitive. </p>

scholarly journals Regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants contributes to salt tolerance in hitherto unknown upland farmer rice varieties.

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Lins Simon ◽  
Yusuf Akkara
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Nacl Concentration

Salt tolerance potential of the three upland farmer varieties, koduvelliyan, mullankayama and marathondi was evaluated by comparing with the released salt-tolerant pokkali variety, vytilla-2. The salt tolerance exhibited by the upland varieties was identical with the salt tolerant variety. The superoxide (O2-) content in the upland varieties was lower; however, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content increased with the salt concentration. The lesser malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the koduvelliyan variety was equivalent to the vytilla-2 and slight increase was observed in mullankayama and marathondi. The ascorbate (AsA) content in the upland varieties was comparable to vytilla-2 and upon exposure to increased concentration of NaCl, the AsA level reduced in all the treatments. Reduced glutathione (GSH) content was uniform in all the varieties up to a concentration of 100mM NaCl, however, in 125-150mM NaCl, mullankayama showed a pronounced increase in GSH content. Under salt stress, due to the formation of O2-, the oxidation of GSH was higher, maintaining a stable GSH/GSSG ratio. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity of the upland varieties was higher than vytilla-2 up to 100mM NaCl, however, in 125-150mM NaCl the SOD activity increased slightly and the CAT activity decreased. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased in upland varieties up to 125mM NaCl, and in 150mM NaCl, maintained a steady level in all the varieties. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased proportionate with NaCl concentration; with highest activity in all the upland varieties. Monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity was uniform in all the varieties up to 100mM NaCl, however, in 125 and 150mM NaCl, vytilla-2 showed higher MDHAR activity. Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activity was lesser in upland varieties under salt stress compared to vytilla-2. The GSH/GSSG ratio decreased in marathondi and koduvelliyan varieties with the increase in NaCl concentration, however, in mullankayama and vytilla-2, the GSH/GSSG ratio was higher. The membrane stability index of all the varieties was uniform in all the concentrations of NaCl used, except marathondi. The Na+ content in all the varieties increased in relation to NaCl concentration and the K+ efflux was higher suggesting a higher Na+/K+ ratio, with increased NaCl concentration.

scholarly journals RESISTANCE OF SEVERAL RICE VARIETIES AGAINST THE BACTERIAL PANICLE BLIGHT DISEASE (Burkholderia glumae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Nurni Wahidah ◽  
Irda Safni ◽  
Hasanuddin Hasanuddin ◽  
Lisnawita Lisnawita
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Empty Seeds ◽  
Panicle Blight

Resistance of Several Rice Varieties against the Bacterial Panicle Blight Disease (Burkholderia glumae) .Burkholderia glumae is included as A2 Quarantine Plant Pest Organism, which is found in some restricted area in Indonesia.  B. glumae is a seedborne pathogen that causes panicle blight, seedling rot, grain rotand leaf sheath browning on rice plants. This research was objected  to determine the resistance of five  rice varieties against bacterial panicle blight pathogen. The experiment was carried out at the screen house of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan from May to September 2018. This experiment was designed using Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors; Factor 1: B1 (sterile water as negative control), B2 (B. glumae isolate CH BJ), B3 (B. glumae isolate IR 64), B4 (B. glumae isolate IC PRC), B5 (B. glumae isolate DSMZ 9512ᵀ as positive control). Factor 2: V1 (Cisokan variety), V2 (Inpari 4 variety), V3 (Situbagendit variety), V4 (Inpari 32 variety) and V5 (Cidenu variety). The results showed that all five rice varieties were highly susceptible to bacterial panicle blight pathogen. Inpari 32 variety had the highest number of seeds and weight of 100 seeds and had the lowest percentage of empty seeds.  IR 64 variety had the lowest number of seeds and the weight of 100 seeds and had the highest percentage of empty seeds.

scholarly journals The Potency of Candida albicans Protein Extract as Bioresptor on Immunocencor to Diagnose Candidiasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Masfufatun Masfufatun ◽  
Akhmad Sudibya ◽  
Nur Kumala
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Protein Extract ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Snail Enzyme

So far, diagnosing on candidiasis has still been limited in standard blood culture. The traditional method of this microbiology culture is less sensitive, many patients with candidasis infection have negative blood culture, and need a long time. This case encourage many researchers to use another alternative methode to diagnose. The purpose of this research is to examine the potency of Candida albicans protein extract as bioreseptor on immunocencor to  detect  Candida albicans and its biofilm in the blood of candidiasis patients. The research method which is used is descriptive with the following steps : (1) isolating enzim from the liquid of digestive gland of snail (Achatina fulica); (2) extraction of protein candida albicans  through  enzimatis and mechanic methods and (3) Analyzing the protein extract as bioreseptor through immunodot assay.The research result shows that the snail enzyme has the protein content 1.35 mg/ml and the specific activity 1.96 unit/mg. This snail enzyme can hydrolyze  the cell wall of Candidia albicans  and, with the help oh sonication, produce extract of planktonic extracel protein (PEP) and biofilm (PEB), extract of planktonic intracell protein (PIP), and biofilm (PIB), with each protein content 1.44; 1.29; 1.29 and 1.21 mg/ml. The characeristic of biofilm intracell protein (PIB) is antigenic on antibody anti-candida (positive control) with giving red spot on immunodot assay. Immunodot assay can distinguish negative control serum (health man) and positive Candidiasis control by using antigen 1 ng/nl and 50nl serum.

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

The Comparison of Ostecyte in the Pressure area and Tension area on Tooth Movement Because of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

DENTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Arya Barahmanta ◽  
Muhammad Faizal Winaris ◽  
Pambudi Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pressure Area

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> Orthodontic tooth movement is a </em><em>interaction prosess</em><em> of resorption and deposition of bone remodeling. Orthodontic tooth movement by mechanical strength causes changes in alveolar bone. Osteocyte is an essential cell to respond bone remodelling. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy affects production of osteocyte because it can release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitrid Oxide (NO).  <strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the difference number  of osteocyte in pressure and tension area during tooth movement by adjuvant of Hyperbaric Oxygen 2,4 ATA during 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14. <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: This research used Completery Randomized Control Group Post Test Only Design. 36 cavia cobaya (male)  were divided into 3 groups randomly : the negative control groups, positive control group, and treatment group. Preparat staining used Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and calculated on microscop 1000x with 20 field of view. Data analyses used one way ANOVA and LSD test then compared each area by using paired T test. <strong>Result:</strong> The data showed that the treatment group (P=10,67) tension area has the highest number of osteocyte than  negative control group (K-=3,67), positive control (K+=7,42). In the pressure area showed that negative control group (K-=5,00) has the highest  than positive control group (K+=3,83) and treatment (P=3,25). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therapy HBO 2,4 ATA 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14 is could increase osteocyte in the tissue to stimulate process of bone remodelling.</em></p><pre><strong> </strong></pre><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Hyperbaric Oxygen, Tooth movement, Bone remodeling, </em><em>Osteocyte</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Correspondence:</em></strong><em> </em><em>Arya Brahmanta</em><em>, Department of Orthodonty, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone 031-5945864, Email:</em><em> </em><a href="mailto:[email protected]"><em>arya.brahmanta</em><em>@</em><em>hangtuah.ac.id</em></a></p>

UJI AKTIVITAS HEPATOPROTEKTOR KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius roxb) DAN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii) TERHADAP KADAR MDA YANG DIINDUKSI PARASETAMOL

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Yuni Asri Mulatsih Agami ◽  
Eka Wisnu Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dose Combination

Kasus penyakit hati semakin meningkat seiring penggunaan senyawa hepatotoksin salah satunya karena penggunaan parasetamol dengan dosis berlebih. Hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan produksi radikal bebas sehingga memicu terjadinya stress oksidatif yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan jaringan yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA). Stress oksidatif dapat diatasi dengan antioksidan dari berbagai tanaman. Kulit kayu manis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 53ppm dan daun pandan wangi 39,7%  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi dan kayu manis dalam menurunkan kadar MDA. tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental, dilakukan selama 9 hari dengan 30 ekor tikus jantan dibagi menjadi 6 Kelompok, yaitu: Normal diberi aquadest, Kontrol Positif diberi silimarin 100 mg/kgBB, Kontrol Negatif diberi CMC-Na 0,05%, serta 3 kelompok lainnya diberi kombinasi ekstrak daun pandan wangi:kayu manis berturut-turut dosis I (25:75), dosis II (50:50), dosis III (75:25). Semua kelompok diinduksi parasetamol 2,5 g/kgBB pada hari ke-7  setelah 30 menit perlakuan, kecuali kelompok normal. Pada hari ke 9 dilakukan pengukuran kadar MDA dengan metode TBARs menggunakan spektrofotometri. Pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi dan kayu manis dapat menurunkan kadar MDA dengan kombinasi dosis yang paling optimal adalah 75:25 berdasarkan statistik dengan nilai signifikan 0,000<0,05 dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif.    Cases of liver disease have increased with the use of hepatotoxin compounds, one of which is due to the use of paracetamol with excessive doses. This can increase the production of free radicals so that it triggers oxidative stress which can cause tissue damage which is characterized by increased levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA). Oxidative stress can be overcome with antioxidants from various plants. Cinnamomum burmanii has antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 53ppm and Pandanus amarrylifolius 39.7%. This study aims to determine the combined activity of ethanol extract of Pandanus amarrylifolius and Cinnamomum burmanii  in reducing MDA levels. Paracetamol-induced rats. Research using experimental methods, conducted for 9 days with 30 male rats divided into 6 groups, namely: Normal given aquadest, Positive Control were given silimarin 100 mg / kgBB, Negative Control was given CMC-Na 0.05%, and 3 other groups were given a combination of Pandanus amarrylifolius extract: Cinnamomum burmanii dose I (25:75), dose II (50:50), dose III (75:25). All groups induced paracetamol 2.5 g / kgBB on the 7th day after 30 minutes of treatment, except the normal group. On the 9th day MDA levels were measured using the TBARs method using spectrophotometry. Giving a combination of Pandanus amarrylifolius and Cinnamomum burmanii ethanol extract can reduce MDA levels with the most optimal dose combination is 75:25 based on statistics with a significant value of 0,000<0.05 compared with the negative group.

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