scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL CONTROLS ON FINANCIAL PERFROMANCE OF DAIRY COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN MERU COUNTY, KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 748-754
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nyaga ◽  
Lucy Kiganane ◽  
Moses Gweyi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Controls Systems

Internal control systems have been a challenge to the performance of Dairy Cooperative Societies in Kenya. Incidences of total disregard to rules and procedures, adherence to cooperative management regulations have been on the rise. The ability of the management to adhere to the internal controls systems is of importance and it’s bound to affect the financial performance of the societies. The purpose of this study was to determine influence of internal control on financial performance of Dairy Cooperative Societies. The study was restricted to Dairy Cooperative Societies licensed to operate in Meru County. . The study adopted a descriptive research design and made use of purposive sampling to generate a sample of 72 respondents. A questionnaire was utilized to collect data from the respondents. Data was analyzed and evaluated through the use of descriptive statistics; standard deviation, mean and percentages, and made use of ordinary linear regression models to generate the size of effects of independent variables on the dependent variable. Analyzed data was presented in tables and pie charts. The response rate of the administered questionnaires stood at 88.88%. This response rate was found to be sufficient for inferential statistical analysis. The coefficient of determination indicated that internal control contributed 65.7% of the variation in financial performance as explained by coefficient of determination which stood at 0.657. The p-value and regression coefficient internal control generated after running the regression model was (β= 0.232, p = 0.026). These results indicate that internal controls positively and significantly influenced the financial performance of Dairy Cooperative Societies in Meru County. This study therefore, recommends the implementation of internal control mechanisms in all Dairy Cooperative Societies in Meru County.

scholarly journals Causality and multidimensionality of internal controls: Impact on organizations

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-5) ◽  
pp. 502-515
Author(s):  
Joshua Onome Imoniana ◽  
Verônica Moreira Costa ◽  
Mariana Araujo ◽  
Luiza Helena Pereira Alberto ◽  
Patrícia P. Alves
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Chief Financial Officer ◽  
Final Response ◽  
Final Response Rate

This study analyzes the managers’ (Chief Financial Officer (CFO)) perception of impact of implementation of internal controls. It investigates the causes of adoption in the multidimensionality of internal control of the Brazilian companies traded in the New York Stock market. A survey sent to the CFOs of the 70 companies listed in the NYSE collected empirical data from these companies. The final response rate was 15.16 %. The study uses partial least squares modeling for statistical analysis to test the research question. Our empirical evidence supports the hypotheses that “the greater the level of multidimensionality of controls in an organization the lower the level of causal effects and damage to the control environment. Based on work performed, one is able to infer that overall, there is a significant relationship between causal effects on operating activities, financial reporting and compliance in relation to the multidimensionality of internal controls, thus, when there are uncommon features, depending on the level of multidimensionality special attention should be paid to the causes of adoption of controls to track risks posed to business.

The impact of corporate social responsibility and internal controls on stakeholders’ view of the firm and financial performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan Akisik ◽  
Graham Gal
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Global Reporting Initiative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically examine whether two major stakeholder groups – customers and employees – consider third party-reviewed corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports and assurance on the quality of internal controls as value determinant in their decisions, and how their decisions influence financial performance through the halo effect of these reports. Design/methodology/approach Using Compustat North America and Global Reporting Initiative data, the authors used first-order autoregressive models over the period from 2006 to 2012. Findings The results indicate that the impacts of customers and employees on financial performance are influenced by third party-reviewed CSR reports and effective internal control. Moreover, it is found that the third party-reviewed CSR reports and effective internal control enable the persistence of financial performance. Social implications The findings have implications for stakeholders in terms of third party-reviewed CSR reports and effective internal control. The findings are important due to the influence that these stakeholders (customers and employees) have on the financial performance of firms and the impact that CSR actions can have on society as a whole. Originality/value To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that contributes to the literature by demonstrating that information about third party-reviewed CSR reports and internal control reviews may influence the perceptions of firms by two primary stakeholders – customers and employees.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INVESTMENT DIVERSIFICATION ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL FIRMS LISTED AT NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE KENYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rebecca Nasimiyu Wanyonyi
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Study Population

The general objective of study was to examine investment diversification effect on the financial performance of agricultural firms listed at NSE. The study employed descriptive research design. The study population consisted of seven listed agricultural firms at NSE. The study employed a census approach because of the small number of agricultural listed firms at the NSE. Secondary panel data was used for a period covering seven years (2011-2017).R squared (coefficient of determination) was 52.80%. which showed that investment diversification explain 52.80% of the dependent variable variations that is financial performance The study also found that horizontal diversification, concentric diversification, conglomerate diversification and vertical diversification had a positive relationship with financial performance. The study suggested that firms should look for better avenues to mitigate the risk of doing business or their operations. Through diversification, a firm is not dependent on a limited number of products, locations, or markets in order to remain competitive and survive in the dynamic economic environment.

The Globalisation of Corporate Governance: External and Internal Mechanisms of Control

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Dore
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Employment Systems ◽  
The One

Much of the literature on corporate governance assumes that there is one universally valid prescription for good governance—or at most assumes a single choice between pro-shareholder and pro-stakeholder prescriptions. It is, however, not only “who gets what” outcomes which have to be taken into account in choosing governance systems, but also different preconditions for effectiveness, affected by national cultures and employment systems. One dimension of variation is, the relative need for, and efficacy of, externally imposed disciplines on management on the one hand, and the internal controls of conscience and peer pressures on the other. Internal control mechanisms seem to work in community-like firms such as those of Japan. Will China turn out to have similar possibilities?

Financial Inclusion Strategies and Performance of Commercial Banks in Rwanda; A Case of I&M Bank in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Elysée Byukusenge ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
And Performance

The research intended to analyze the effect of financial inclusion strategies on performance of commercial banks in Rwanda, a case of I&M Bank Rwanda Ltd. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the effect of agency banking, financial innovation and loan products on financial performance of commercial banks in Rwanda and guided by three theories which are agency theory, constraint-induced theory and innovation theory. A sample size of 92 employees among 1,232 was taken and data was collected through questionnaires and interview guide. SPSS 23, descriptive research design, correlation and regression statistic were used in the analysis of collected data. The results of the study indicated that agency banking application is the important driver to facilitate people to get banking services form banks. The results established that agency banking and financial inclusion are satisfactory in explaining the performance of commercial banks. The coefficient of determination, also known as the R square, was 0.594 (59.4%). This implied that agency banking and financial inclusion strategies explain 59.4% of the variations in the performance of commercial banks. As conclusions, financial inclusion strategies analysed in this research play an important role in the performance of commercial banks in Rwanda. Financial institutions in Rwanda use financial inclusion strategies to boost their financial performances. Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is important and very effective because it facilitates the customers the access of their accounts to withdraw or deposit money as it is for digital banking, debit cards and smart cards. This enables banks to increase sales and influence its financial performance. For loan product, it is concluded that this is an important strategy of I&M Bank to attract customers thus affect the financial performance of the bank. The study recommended that I&M Bank has to improve its agency banking by increasing their number and location. I&M Bank has to extend its branches to remote areas and increase the number of ATMs so that people in remote areas get different financial services easily. Keywords: financial inclusion strategies, agency banking, financial performance, I&M Bank, Rwanda

scholarly journals Internal controls and credit risk relationship among banks in Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis Kofi Akwaa-Sekyi ◽  
Jordi Gené Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Agency Problem ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Control Mechanisms

Purpose: The study purport to investigate the effectiveness of internal control mechanisms, investigate whether evidence of agency problem is found among banks in Europe and determine how internal controls affect credit risk.Design/methodology/approach: Panel data from 91 banks from 23 European Union countries were studied from 2008-2014. Hausman’s specification test suggest the use of fixed effects estimation technique of GLS. Quantitatively modelled data on 15 variables covering elements of internal controls, objectives of internal controls, agency problem, bank and country specific variables were used.Findings: There is still high credit risk in spite of measures being implemented by the European Central Bank. Banks have individual entity factors that increase or decrease credit risk. The study finds effective internal control systems because objectives of internal controls are achieved and significantly determine credit risk. Agency problem is confirmed due to significant positive relation with credit risk. There is significant effect of internal controls on credit risk with specific variables as risk assessment, return on average risk weighted assets, institutional ownership, bank size, inflation, interest rate and GDP.Research limitations/implications: Missing data prevented the use of strongly balanced panel. The lack of flexibility with using quantitative approach did not allow further scrutiny of the nature of variables. However, statistical tests were acceptable for the model used. The study has implications for management and owners of banks to be warry of agency problem because that provides incentive for reckless high risk transactions that may benefit the agent than the principal. Management must engage in actions that profile the company better and enhances value maximization. Rising default risk has tendency to impair corporate image leading to loss of reputational capital.Originality/value: The study provides the use of quantitative approach to measuring certain phenomena within the discipline of internal controls. The study adds to a previous study by same authors and confirming the agency problem in a different approach. 

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPTIONS DERIVATIVES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED LISTED COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-69
Author(s):  
Philipino Muthine ◽  
Fredrick Mutea ◽  
Ruth Kanyaru
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Strike Price ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to ascertain the relationship between options derivatives and financial performance of selected listed commercial banks in Kenya. Methodology: Descriptive research design was used when collecting data using closed ended questionnaires from the selected 11 listed commercial banks in Kenya. The target population included 156 respondents who were 25 risk managers, 53 operations managers, 33 credit managers and 45 marketing managers to participate in the study. The study selected all of the 156 respondents through census sampling technique. Pre-test questionnaires was sent to six respondents who were junior officers in risk, credit, operations and marketing departments of non-listed commercial banks in Meru Kenya. The collected data was then coded and analyzed quantitatively using the descriptive statistics such as mean, percentage and standard deviation while inferential statisticsperson correlation analysis were used. Linear regression models were also used. Further on, the tables, graphs were used when indicating the analysis results. Results: Options had a statistically significant relationship with financial performance. Most respondents agreed that there were clear procedures used to solve options price discrepancies. It had a mean of 4.79 and standard deviation of 0.62. However, most respondents disagreed that options derivatives market activities were improving in the banks. It had a mean of 3.85 and standard deviation of 1.05. The results further indicated that options had an R value of .793a and Durbin Watson value of 1.292 showing there was a strong correlation between the two variables, while the R-square was 0.629. This implied that options as a paradigm predicted 62.9% of financial performance variable in this study.Options also had a significant p-value of 0.018. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The results indicated that commercial banks were really incurring more costs as compared to profits generated due to errors made by the employees when engaging in various options derivatives markets. In addition, when financial derivatives owners were given the rights and not forced to purchase or vend an underlying asset at a strike price or exercise price, at or earlier than the expiry date of the options, there was an above average purchase. The study recommends that the bank staff should explain full information on the options derivatives so that when a client is making the purchase, they are well knowledgeable. This knowledge should begin from the procedures followed when making a purchase, sale or transfer of option derivatives in the securities exchange market. In addition, any costs associated with the options derivatives should be fully communicated to clients priorly to avoid premature termination of options derivatives contracts. Further on, there should be more training on banks staffs by the bank management so that they are equipped with knowledge on the specifics of options derivatives trading. By doing so, the chances of errors would be minimized.

scholarly journals THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SENSITIVITY TO MARKET RISK ON INTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT SOCIETIES IN KENYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jane J. Barus ◽  
Prof. Willy Muturi ◽  
Dr. Patrick Kibati ◽  
Dr. Joel Koima
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the moderating effect of sensitivity to market risk on internal factors affecting financial performance of savings and credit societies in Kenya. Methodology: The study employed an explanatory research design. The target population was 83 registered deposit taking SACCO’s in Kenya that have been in operation for the last five years. The sample size for the study was all 83 SACCOs that have remained in existence since 2011-2015. Census methodology was used in the study.  Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed.  Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the data using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and STATA. Descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted to analyze the data. The data was presented using tables and graphs. Results: The moderation results indicated that the interaction effect of sensitivity to market risk on the relationship between the independent variables (except management efficiency) and dependent variable was significant. Since the calculated p value of the interaction was 0.000<0.05, and thus sensitivity to market risk has a statistical significant moderating effect on internal determinants of financial performance of savings and credit societies in Kenya. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that SACCOs should monitor the variations in market risks, especially interest rates and inflation rates. These macroeconomic factors tend fluctuate often and, hence it’s important for the organizations to observe them.

scholarly journals ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL TERHADAP RISIKO THEFT OF CASH SIKLUS PENDAPATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 370-383
Author(s):  
Ajeng Ayu Selva Mutiara Dewi ◽  
◽  
Rhosalina Damayanti ◽  
Nehemia Vedryan Ardhito ◽  
Febrianti Kartikaningrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Congregational Participation ◽  
The Church

Public organizations are expected to be able to manage their resources with adequate internal controls, to suppress the increase in cases of corruption due to misuse of assets. This research is a qualitative descriptive research conducted at GKI Tegalrejo Salatiga by collecting primary data from interviews with informants. The information obtained then processed by data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that there is still a risk of theft of cash in the income cycle at GKI Tegalrejo, but it can be mitigated by controlling practices according to the concept of COSO. Some of the obstacles encountered in implementing this internal control include the church council not being fully able to understand the Tata Laksana Gereja, the absence of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), lack of supervision on CCTV monitor, and lack of the function of the priest as a supervisor. This research is expected to be able to encourage congregational participation to assess the practice of internal control at GKI Tegalrejo Salatiga, serve as evaluation material for the GKI Tegalrejo Salatiga council to improve its internal control, and for academics,it is hoped that this research can become a reference in developing next researches.Keywords: internal control, theftof cash, income cycle

Matching organizational climate and control mechanisms for fast strategic change in transitional economics

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Shen ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Xiuyun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Strategic Change ◽  
Transitional Economies ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how organizational climate impacts the speed of strategic change (SSC) for firms in transitional economies and whether if the effects were contingent on internal control mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical model including five constructs is developed. The questionnaire survey is deployed to scale main constructs, including organizational climate, such as open communication and hierarchical bureaucracy, internal controls such as strategic and financial control, and SSC. The moderation regression method in five steps is employed to test all hypotheses using the survey data from the 120 sampled Chinese firms. Findings The findings show that open communication has a positive effect on SCC, whereas hierarchical bureaucracy has a negative effect on SSC. Furthermore, strategic control positively moderates the relationship between open communication and SSC but negatively moderates the relationship between hierarchical bureaucracy and SSC; meanwhile, financial control negatively moderates the relationship between open communication and SSC but positively moderates the relationship between hierarchical bureaucracy and SSC. Originality/value This research integrates organizational climate and internal control mechanisms into the framework of strategic change to investigate how firms achieve fast strategic change through aligning organizational climate with proper organizational control mechanisms. The findings advance the authors’ understanding of the organizational climate, internal controls, and strategic change literature, and offer valuable managerial insights for managers in situations when strategic change is of central importance in the transitional economies.

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