scholarly journals Gościnność jako wartość w rozwoju młodego człowieka na przykładzie współczesnej literatury polskiej dla dzieci i młodzieży

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Anna Józefowicz
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Prepared Food ◽  
Common Understanding

Considering the educational value of the category of „hospitality”, I made attempts to a critical reflection on this issue in recent Polish literature for the young audience. The analysis has been subjected the prose in which the issue of hospitality takes on different meanings. First of all is mentioned of hospitality in dimension of culinary and sociosociable, in the sense of kind treat the „food and drink” (the most common understanding of hospitality, when care of the our neighbor is expressed through common eating the prepared food). Secondly is mentioned of hospitality in dimension of family, in the sense of hosting adult children. In this dimension I drew attention to first difficult relationship with the adopted child, when parents start by hosting it, to create a common nest. There is also one more understanding of hospitality, very timely in the current socio-political situation, the intensifying law concerning ethnic and religious minorities in Western Europe, the understanding of hospitality in aspect of cultural, the hospitality to the „other” – culturally different.

scholarly journals Znaczenie traktatu wersalskiego dla kultury polskiej. Literatura polska po 1918 roku – wybrane aspekty

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Radosław Sławomirski
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Treaty Of Versailles ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
Changing World

The Importance of the Treaty of Versailles for Polish Culture. Polish Literature After 1918 As the result of the Treaty of Versailles, Poland regains independence and Poles from the three partitions become full citizens of the Polish state. Such strong political changes had a significant influence on the culture of the reborn state. Polish culture of the 1920’s is not unified and homegeneous, which was demonstrated by literature. Various concepts of artistic activity and literary disputes appeared on its outskirts. A famous Skamander group, Cracow avantgarde, and the catastrophic philosophy represented by Witkacy are all worth mentioning. However, the element that connects these artists is that they wrote in the new political situation. Independent Poland and the changing world in which culture gains the status of a popular one, pose new challenges for the creators of culture. Culture’s task is to unite Poles. Na mocy Traktatu Wersalskiego Polska odzyskuje niepodległość i Polacy z trzech zaborów stają się pełnoprawnymi mieszkańcami państwa polskiego. Tak dalekie zmiany polityczne nie mogły pozostać obojętne dla kultury odrodzonego państwa, rozwijającej się pod zaborami w niesprzyjających dla niej warunkach, w ramach trzech różnych systemów polityczno-prawnych. Odzyskanie niepodległości przez naród polski zdjęło z twórców jego kultury obowiązek walki o wolność, pozwoliło im zrzucić z ramiom „płaszcz Konrada” i podejmować jako wiodącą – nową tematykę. Dzięki temu kultura polska lat dwudziestych ubiegłego wieku nie jest jednowymiarowa ani jednolita, czego najlepszym przykładem jest literatura. To w jej przestrzeni pojawiają się różne koncepcje działalności artystycznej i toczą spory literackie. Warto tutaj przywołać grupę pięciu poetów tworzących Skamander, krakowską awangardę, a także katastrofizm reprezentowany przez Witkacego. Jednak elementem, który łączy artystów pierwszej dekady dwudziestolecia międzywojennego jest tworzenie w nowej sytuacji politycznej. Niepodległa Polska ze zjednoczonym narodem - żyjącym ponad wiek w trzech różnych państwach zaborczych - oraz zmieniający się świat, w którym kultura zyskuje statut popularnej, stawiają nowe wyzwania przed twórcami. Jednym z ważniejszych jest zjednoczenie Polaków, w których zaborcy poprzez swoje działania próbowali wykorzenić pierwiastek polski.

Incompetence, Alienation, or Calculation?

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Uggla
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Effective Choice

This article focuses on the casting of invalid ballots and voting for extra-parliamentary parties. Drawing on evidence from more than 200 elections in Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and the Americas during the 1980-2000 period, it tests how well four sets of factors serve as explanations for the extent of such behavior in parliamentary contests. The main finding is that the structure of political competition provides an important explanation for extra-parliamentary voting and, in particular, the number of invalid ballots. Thus, rather than being the unfortunate circumstances of an uninformed or incompetent electorate, these forms of voting, to a large extent, appear to reflect a political situation that offers voters little effective choice in the form of clear alternatives.

Medieval Jewry In Christendom

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Ben-Shalom
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
The Social

This article begins in the early Middle Ages, and specifically addresses questions concerning the economic and political situation of Jewry in Western Europe. The period of the high Middle Ages follows, with a focus on developments in community life and the character of Jewish society. The discussion considers the Jewish foundation myths that were born in the twelfth century in an attempt to explain and interpret the social and cultural changes of the time. It examines the nature of the interaction and the form of discourse that characterized the medieval relations between a Christian majority and a Jewish minority culture. It also describes the legal status of the Jews in Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire. The article also discusses Jewish life in Spain, since, for a significant segment of the period under study, Spain was under Muslim rule.

Instruments and Instrument-Makers, 1700–1850

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita McConnell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Scientific Instruments ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
Good Grasp ◽  
Workshop Practice

This article focuses on instruments and instrument-makers during the period 1700–1850. Scientific instruments in the 150 years between 1700 and 1850 enjoyed rapid advances in design and technology that the period can usefully be divided at about 1800, though the date varied with the progress or otherwise in the lands concerned. Throughout this period the leading craftsmen were becoming better-educated, many having a good grasp of mathematics. This article deals mainly with instruments and their makers in Britain, with a brief survey of the situation in western Europe and in the United States. It first describes the political situation in Europe before discussing the British instrument-makers’ workshop practice and materials available in the craftsmen’s workshops, including brass and other alloys, glass and wood. It also considers the British market for optical instruments and philosophical instruments, along with instrument-makers and markets in Continental Europe and the United States.

scholarly journals “Do not Intervene in Anything”: Russian Representatives in Istanbul (1700–1701)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Bazarova
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
Archival Documents

The article discusses the problem of establishing a permanent diplomatic mission of Peter I in the Sublime Porte. At the initiative of the envoy E. I. Ukraintsev, an article, enabling the tsar to send an ambassador for a permanent residence in Istanbul, was included in the Treaty of Constantinople (1700). After the envoy’s departure, only the Non-diplomatic ministers of the Ambassadorial prikaz (chancellery), namely translator S. F. Lavretsky, podyachy (clerk) Gr. Yudin (died in December 1700) and interpreter D. Petrov, stayed in the Ottoman capital. Translator S. Lavretsky became the head of the Russian diplomatic mission. In 1701, a messenger M. Larionov arrived in Istanbul with the tsar’s charter. According to it translator and podyachy had to stay in Istanbul until the arrival of the plenipotentiary ambassador with ratification. On the basis of the archival documents stored in the RGADA (Moscow), the author analyzes the activities of diplomatic missions in 1700-1701. The main task of the translator and the ambassador was to inform the Russian government about the political situation in the Ottoman Empire. Peter I sent the main forces of his state to the war with the Swedes, so he needed peace on the southern borders. The translator and podyachy maintained contact with ministers of the Sublime Porte, the Jerusalem Patriarch, agents, etc. They also monitored the preparation of the Sublime Porte for the arrival of the Russian plenipotentiary ambassador. Information collected from various sources regarding the situation in Istanbul, Crimea and other parts of the Ottoman Empire, as well as Western Europe, they sent to the Ambassadorial prikaz. The activities of Russian diplomats in 1700–1701 largely corresponded to the functions of the ambassadorial secretary (charge d’affaires).

scholarly journals Recepcja twórczości Olgi Tokarczuk w Bułgarii

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Dorota Gołek-Sepetliewa
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Literary Thought

This article discusses Olga Tokarczuk’s presence in Bulgaria, drawing on R. Cudak’s theory of reception while presenting translations, strategies of publication and promotion, literary and critical reflection, and non-literary forms of reception. Widescale, effective, and multi-dimensional promotion, reliable translation (S. Borisova, D. Hamze, H. Simeonova-Mitova, G. Krastev), as well as the openness and interest of readers, have created possibilities for an increase in the popularity of Olga Tokarczuk’s works in Bulgaria within the last two decades. The development in Bulgarian culture of critical and literary thought surrounding Tokarczuk’s works (M. Grigorova) is accompanied by the presence of book translations and other selected texts in leading newspapers and magazines („Literaturen vestnik”, „Panorama”, „Kultura”), constituting a significant platform for the popularization of Polish literature.

scholarly journals Four romances op. 11 by Pylyp Kozytsky: under the sign of modernism

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
Angelina Mamona
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
Leos Janacek ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Musical Interpretation ◽  
Vocal Works ◽  
Voice And Piano ◽  
The Way

The article is devoted to early vocal works of P. Kozytsky. Mostly likely because of political situation, only a few opuses of early period of creativity of Ukrainian composer have survived until our times. Among them – Four romances for voice and piano op. 11. It is stated, that we can see modernistic vector of search in this opus. It is remarkable that poetic verses only of contemporary to Kozytsky authors has attracted his attention. Kozytsky became the first Ukrainian composer who wrote music to poem of Rabindranath Tagore, in particular, to his collection of verses named ―The Gardener‖. There was a great wave of attention to works of this Indian poet, composer and philosopher in Western Europe in the first third of 20th century. Kozytsky in his musical interpretation of Tagore (in Ukrainian translation by Y. Siry) is not trying to reflect the oriental color, but instead he conveys different the psychological shades of this poetry. The same kind of perception is represented in the work of Leos Janacek – ―The wandering madman‖ for men’s choir with tenor, baritone and soprano solo, which was written in 1922 year (the same with Kozytsky) on verses from ―The Gardener‖ too. There was a row of other acknowledged Western Europe composers who turned to the poetry of Tagore around the same time. Among them – D. Milhaud, K. Shymanovsky, A. Zemlinsky. Other romances of opus 11 are written on verses of Ukrainian poets: P. Phylypovich (the poet of Executed Renaissance) and close comrade of Kozytsky P. Tychina (who had similar artististic intentions with composer and was at the same artistic circle with him).It is stated, that the whole opus can be considered as cycle, which reflects different stages of life of a woman. Cycle also has apparant links to theatrical art which are reflected in the way composer uses marks. But, regardless of brightness of the music of Four romances op. 11, modernistic intentions of young composes were, unfortunately, changed to another way.

The Concept of Famous Painting in the Tang Dynasty: The Case of Zhang Yanyuan’s Lidai minghua ji

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-222
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Ning
Keyword(s):  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Tang Dynasty ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Entire Text

AbstractThis essay offers a critical reflection on the central concept of “famous painting” as expounded in Zhang Yanyuan’s Lidai minghua ji (历代名画记, A Record of Famous Paintings of All Dynasties). Building upon the past scholarship, this essay will proceed in the following three steps. I propose to distinguish the concept of “famous painting” from the common understanding of painting. I argue that it is the former that plays a central role in the entire text of the Lidai minghua ji. As a result of this new approach, I will outline an intentional and discernable structure formed by the fifteen essays in the first three books. I proceed with discussing the relationship between famous paintings and famous painters so as to demonstrate Zhang Yanyuan’s implicit intention and considerations in selecting and evaluating painters and their works. Finally, I examine the basic formats of famous painting and further elucidate the historical dimension embedded within the concept of famous painting that constituted and changed the very idea under consideration.

Referendums and the evolution of party government in liberal democracies

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214
Author(s):  
Laurence Morel
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Party Government ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Near Future

An analysis of the motivations behind the present revival of referendum ballots in liberal democracies shows that referendums launched by governments, often politically motivated, and those launched by popular initiatives are linked to a demand for new legislation, and both illustrate the crisis of representative governments that is currently affecting these democracies. The pursuit of the increase of referendums will depend however on whether popular initiatives will or will not be introduced in the Constitutions of countries, since the great majority do not provide for it. In spite of similarities between the present political situation in Western Europe and the contexts in which popular initiatives were introduced in some countries, there is no serious ground to predict that such institutional reforms will take place in the near future. The directness of democracy is maybe more likely to increase under the effect not of referendums, but of other factors like the growing interference of polls, or the decline of intermediaries, especially parties, in the daily practice of government.

scholarly journals A Few Words About the Ice House of the Konsum Store in the Nineteenth-Century Priest’s Mill Factory and Residential Complex in Łódź

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-241
Author(s):  
Janusz Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Issue ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Material Substance ◽  
General Store ◽  
Farm Buildings ◽  
Underground Chamber

The issue of ice houses, both those found among manor and farm buildings and those connected with industrial plants, is a research issue frequently raised in many countries of Western Europe and in the United States. In the Polish literature, however, it does not attract much interest, which is why knowledge of it – or at least the knowledge shared – is usually limited to the awareness of the existence of ice houses and their purpose, and only occasionally do they become subjects of more extensive research. This also concerns the very material substance of such buildings. In 2015, on the Priest’s Mill estate in Łodź, erected along with the extension of Karol Scheibler’s cotton plant at the beginning of the 1870s, rescue excavations were conducted under the supervision of archaeologists Maciej Milczarek and Zbigniew Rybacki. They concerned the remains of an ice house built for the estate general store (including a grocery) called Konsum. Its preserved form is a result of a few construction stages completed in quick succession. During the third one (between 1883/1884 and 1889) the ice house we are interested in was built. It was not big as its capacity was approximately 100 cubic metres, and its structure was rather typical of larger industrial ice houses, with the upper (aboveground) chamber used as an ice warehouse, and the lower (underground) chamber serving as the store’s cold storage. Most probably, it was not used for long, however, there is no data that would allow to determine the time of its liquidation.

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