scholarly journals Z problematyki opisu frazeologii publicystycznej

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-283
Author(s):  
Iwona Kosek
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Linguistic Description ◽  
Term Relation ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Media

The article analyses the sources of phraseological units occurring in the media and in journalistic texts of contemporary Polish language. The first part of the article contains a few remarks on two types of new noun phrases, e.g. Europa dwu prędkości (two-/multi-speed Europe), mowa nienawiści (hate speech), dane wrażliwe (sensitive data). The second part indicates the main problems related to the linguistic description of phraseology in journalism: the phraseologism – term relation and the difficulties in identifying the sources of phraseological units (the type of loanword).

Online Hate Speech and the Safety of Internet Users

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (31) ◽  
pp. 139-159
Author(s):  
Barbara Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Marlena Dąbrowska ◽  
Piotr Szczepański ◽  
Izabela Nowicka
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Trained Teacher ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Media

Background: Hate speech is a very important problem nowadays. One can meet it in one’s immediate surroundings (conversations with friends), the media, the Internet, or in the so-called public space (for example, inscriptions on the walls). One form of hate speech is online hate speech, which, together with certain other phenomena, is referred to as hejt in the Polish language. The authors of the article focus on presenting online hate speech in relation to various age and social groups. Objectives: The aim of the article is to present the phenomenon of hate speech on the web and its impact on the safety of Internet users. Methods: The article uses basic theoretical and empirical methods. Content published on the Internet is analyzed and case studies are described. Interviews with experts (psychologists, police officers, sociologists, media and hate speech specialists) were also conducted and their views are presented. Conclusions: In the discussion about hate speech, prevention is extremely important. According to the authors, broad prevention consisting of professionally prepared content, enriched with film materials, presented by an expert or a trained teacher, should be included in the core curriculum of schools as one of the mandatory issues raised during the lessons.

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF SLAVIC MEDIA TEXTS CONTAINING HATE SPEECH

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Larysa Gorodnycha ◽  
Maryna Olkhovyk ◽  
Svitlana Gergul
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Media Space ◽  
Resources Distribution ◽  
The Media ◽  
Internally Displaced Person ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The article analyzes hate speech definitions as linguistic and cultural phenomena in the context of an interdisciplinary approach, and describes features of linguistic resources distribution in the texts with the hate speech. The paper deals with the functioning of the concept “hate speech” in the regional media space of Ukraine and Bulgaria. The authors define the causes of the hate speech usage in the media texts and study the hate speech as the source of the modern vocabulary. The article gives deeper understanding of the essence of the concept “hate speech”, more clearly defining its boundaries, reasons for distribution and the main features of the functioning, considering the interdisciplinary approach to its interpretation. The research describes the features of an editor's work on the texts with the hate speech and methods of its neutralization, as well as proven discriminatory manifestation of hate speech in political neologisms as “refugee”, “migrant”, “internally displaced person”. For implementing the goals and objectives of the study, the complex of methods has been used: system approach, monitoring and analysis of the media texts in the regional media, summarizing the results of the analysis.

scholarly journals Wstrząsająca treść jako manipulacyjny element dyskursu konfliktu

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Anna Hłuszko
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Web News

Shock content as a manipulative component of conflict discourseDifficult socio-political situation in Ukraine creates specific media discourse, which in turn gives rise to a number of phenomena, connected to information war categories, war of meanings, hate speech etc. Active entry of military issues into web news content affects traditional approach to the media-text drafting. The report examines the trends of shock visual content and its announcement in the web headlines. The influence of the content emotionalization, which is one of the common features for conflict discourse, not only on text style, but also on features of page making, selection and use of photo illustrations, headline creation, is studied. The material covering military developments usually involve deaths, injuries, loss, destruction of settlements as a result of hostilities, that is, they focus on information on suffering of both military and civilians. This results in stronger integration of shock visual content into the news, which in turn may be used as manipulation and propaganda tool. On the one hand it is used to demonstrate crimes of the enemy, on the other — as an evidence of Ukrainian military success. From the point of view of ethic and humanism the justification of such tactic is doubtful in both cases. However, the study shows that open image of death, blood, injuries in the materials and the announcement of such content in headlines are the cause of high popularity of such publications, and this mainstreams the problem of dehumanizing impact both on material’s subjects and on media audience.

scholarly journals Uchodźca, czyli „nowak”. Spór o słowo. O projekcie artystycznym „Nowacy” Jany Shostak w kontekście konstruowania znaczeń i kryzysu migracyjnego.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Szczepanik
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Symbolic Interactionism ◽  
Negative Term ◽  
Construction Of Meaning ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Media ◽  
Internet Forums ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Constructing Meaning

Refugee or "Newcomer". Dispute over the Word: About the Artistic Project "Nowacy" ("Newcomers") by Jana Shostak in the Context of the Construction of Meaning and the Migration CrisisThe artistic diploma project of Jana Shostak, a Polish student from Belarus, assumed the introduction of the word “nowak” (newcomer) into the Polish language as an alternative to the negative term “refugee.” This initiative becomes particularly important in the context of the migration crisis, going beyond the safe sphere of art. The methods of presenting it, both by the artist and by the media, in the form of interviews, press articles and comments on internet forums, were analyzed. The article is an attempt to make a meta-interpretation of this artistic proposal from the perspective of critical cultural studies, emphasizing two main areas: culture as a battlefield and language as a tool of constructing meaning. Methodologically, it is also supported by relativistic linguistic theories, the paradigm of symbolic interactionism, ethnomethodology, the concept of engaged aesthetics and critical theory. Uchodźca, czyli „nowak”. Spór o słowo. O projekcie artystycznym  „Nowacy” Jany Shostak w kotekście konstruowania znaczeń i kryzysu migracyjnegoArtystyczny projekt dyplomowy Jany Shostak zakłada wprowadzenie do języka polskiego słowa „nowak” jako alternatywy dla negatywnie nacechowanego określenia „uchodźca”. Inicjatywa ta nabiera szczególnego znaczenia w kontekście kryzysu migracyjnego, wykraczając poza bezpieczną sferę sztuki. Analizie poddane zostały sposoby jej prezentowania zarówno przez artystkę, jak i przez media, w postaci wywiadów, artykułów prasowych oraz wypowiedzi na forach internetowych. Artykuł jest próbą dokonania meta-interpretacji tej propozycji artystycznej z perspektywy kulturoznawstwa krytycznego z postawieniem akcentu na dwa zasadnicze obszary: kultury jako pola walki oraz języka jako narzędzia konstruującego znaczenie. Metodologicznie wspiera się również relatywistycznymi teoriami lingwistycznymi, paradygmatem interakcjonizmu symbolicznego, etnometodologią, oraz koncepcją estetyki zaangażowanej i teorią krytyczną.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna D. Jaroszyńska-Kirchmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Impact

This epilogue comments on the changes within the Polish American community and the Polish-language press during the most recent decades, including the impact of the Internet and social media on the practice of letter-writing. It also poses questions about the legacy and memory of Paryski in Toledo, Ohio, and in Polonia scholarship. Paryski's life and career were based on his intelligence, determination, and energy. He believed that Poles in the United States, as in Poland, must benefit from education, and that education was not necessarily the same as formal schooling. Anybody could embark on the path to self-improvement if they read and wrote. Long before the Internet changed the way we communicate, Paryski and other ethnic editors effectively adopted and practiced the concept of debate within the public sphere in the media. Ameryka-Echo's “Corner for Everybody” was an embodiment of this concept and allowed all to express themselves in their own language and to write what was on their minds.

The limits of objective reporting

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Cohen-Almagor
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
The Media ◽  
Different Dimensions

The aim of this study is to scrutinize the assumption that objective reporting is good reporting, is ethical reporting. I do this by reflecting on different dimensions that are associated with the concept of objectivity: (1) accuracy; (2) truthfulness; (3) fairness and balance, and (4) moral neutrality. It is asserted that in many cases journalists are not objective in their reporting either because they consciously prefer not to be or because they are being manipulated by their sources. I close by asserting that the values of not harming others and respecting others should play a prominent part in the considerations of journalists. These are basic ethical standards that sometimes require normative reporting. Consequently, morally neutral coverage of hate speech and racism is a bad idea. It is a false and wrong conception. Subjectivity is preferable to objectivity when the media cover illiberal and anti-democratic phenomena.

scholarly journals Framework for Assessing Ethical Aspects of Algorithms and Their Encompassing Socio-Technical System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11187
Author(s):  
Xadya van Bruxvoort ◽  
Maurice van Keulen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Dutch Government ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media

In the transition to a data-driven society, organizations have introduced data-driven algorithms that often apply artificial intelligence. In this research, an ethical framework was developed to ensure robustness and completeness and to avoid and mitigate potential public uproar. We take a socio-technical perspective, i.e., view the algorithm embedded in an organization with infrastructure, rules, and procedures as one to-be-designed system. The framework consists of five ethical principles: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, and explicability. It can be used during the design for identification of relevant concerns. The framework has been validated by applying it to real-world fraud detection cases: Systeem Risico Indicatie (SyRI) of the Dutch government and the algorithm of the municipality of Amersfoort. The former is a controversial country-wide algorithm that was ultimately prohibited by court. The latter is an algorithm in development. In both cases, it proved effective in identifying all ethical risks. For SyRI, all concerns found in the media were also identified by the framework, mainly focused on transparency of the entire socio-technical system. For the municipality of Amersfoort, the framework highlighted risks regarding the amount of sensitive data and communication to and with the public, presenting a more thorough overview compared to the risks the media raised.

scholarly journals Lexical Variants of Fixed Word Combinations in Political-Social Press Releases

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (26) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Joanna Bryła-Lech
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Fixed word combinations and their modifications are frequently used by journalists in press releases of a political and/or social profile. Analyzing the source material gathered from “Gazeta Wyborcza” in 2001, I found many lexical variants of phrasemes and proverbs.The most interesting modifications appeared in the headlines. This article describes a few such examples.Fixed word combinations make it easier for senders of political-social announcements to express their thoughts indirectly. They can be used to convey irony, mockery, or aversion towards a person or the subject of the statement in a veiled way. The proper understanding (i.e., in accordance with the sender’s intentions) of such a constructed announcement often requires some intellectual effort from the reader. It is a kind of game. Interpreting the metaphorical sense causes a relationship to form between the participants of the communicative process.Changeable modifications appear as a result of the replacement of one component by a different word, which from the sender’s point of view is more attractive than the one in the base form (Bąba 1989, p. 54). This leads to the appearance of so-called lexical variants. Most frequently, these units are not fixed in the Polish language, but are created especially for the needs of a certain text. They enable the meaning of a phraseme or proverb to be matched to the content of the article, which constitutes the context of its usage. They usually narrow the meaning.The modified phrasemes and proverbs attract the reader’s attention, convincing him of the sender’s views. The language of politics and the media is the language of manipulation and persuasion. Fixed word combinations are very important language devices that facilitate an effective influence on the reader/receiver.

scholarly journals Facebook users’ reaction to the declaration of the state of emergency in the Republic of Srpska

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-300
Author(s):  
Petar Pusonja
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
The State ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Media Content Analysis ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic

The paper presents the research findings on the behavior of users of the social network Facebook, in the circumstances of a crisis situation and the declaration of the state of emergency. By combining the media content analysis, modified netnographic approach and pseudo-survey techniques, the author seeks to determine the extent and the manner in which the declaration of the state of emergency in the Republic of Srpska has affected its citizens. The results show that the state of emergency has led to a reduction in the number of events reported, creating uniformity in media content and increasing the degree to which the media rely on official sources of information. On the other hand, the audience shows saturation with such content, completely ignoring it or expressing dissatisfaction with the overall situation, most often sarcastically. The analysis of user comments shows that, although value-neutral, the content focused on government activities provoked mostly negative comments, with hate speech and explicit vulgarism, as well as comments ad hominem, although to a lesser extent.

scholarly journals The Media of Washatiyah Dakwah in Quranic Exegesis Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-922
Author(s):  
Andri Nirwana ◽  
Hayati Hayati ◽  
Muhammad Ridhwan
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Media ◽  
Radical Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Interpretation Method

the fact explains that the Islamic media in the late 70s-90s tended to be provocative, brave, straightforward and resolute in raising issues and themes that were sensitive and offensive to ethnicity, religion, race and interfaith (SARA) and dared to carry ideology, exclusivist and fanaticism that strong against Islam, even though at that time media freedom was very limited. After the 90s the media became free in handling and publishing. Unfortunately this condition is not exploited by Wasatiyah Islamic Media. This media tends to sink due to competition in the media business. The decline of wasatiyah Islamic Media was due to imperfect management. The obstacles in presenting news that are fast, easy and inexpensive require good management. Another challenge is how to provide intelligent reading that follows the development of increasingly intelligent humans and provides a binding and enlightening impression. As a result of the deterioration of management, other Islamic media have the opportunity to spread the news of hate speech and hoaxes. To this problem we use the Thematic Interpretation Method of the Qur'an to provide concepts and descriptions of the Qur'an based Wasatiyah media. The results of this study stated that Wasatiyah Islamic Media must understand the Counter-Radical Narrative Narratives spread by other media. So in providing comments and information must be based on Islam Rahmatan lil alamin. Wasatiyah Islamic Media Must understand the weaknesses of the radical media editors. Wasatiyah Islamic media must play a role and provide moderation for religious and Islamic thought in line with the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Editor of the Wasatiyah Islamic Media must depict editors who are more humane, polite, not hard, without coercion, full of tenderness and voluntarily. The results of this study have an impact on the unity and sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia.

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