scholarly journals Allelopathic activity of Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. on the physiological potential of seeds of Amburana cearensis Allem.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Naiara Da Silva ◽  
Monalisa Alves Diniz da Silva ◽  
Rafael Mateus Alves ◽  
Elania Freire Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The adoption of agroforestry systems or reforestation programs contributes to the economy of a region in a sustainable way, since the adopted species can be exploited by the cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries. For the establishment of plant species in a given area, studies are needed on the interaction that can develop between them, with emphasis on research on allelopathy. Given the above, the aim of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of the aqueous extract of leaves of the native species Piptadenia moniliformis on the initial development of the forest species Amburana cearensis. The aqueous extract was used at different concentrations. (0 - water, 25, 50, 75 and 100%), adopting a completely randomized design. The following characteristics were evaluated: emergence percentage, emergence speed index, mean emergence time, shoot and root length and total shoot, root and total dry part of normal seedlings. The 100% concentration of the aqueous extract of P. moniliformis leaves reduced the emergence percentage of A. cearensis seedlings. A smaller number of normal seedlings was observed at concentrations of 75 and 100%. The initial development of seedlings was hampered by the increase in extract concentrations. The aqueous extract of fresh leaves of P. moniliformis provides a negative allelopathic effect for both emergence and early development of A. cearensis seedlings, therefore intercropped cultivation among the forest species is not recommended.

scholarly journals Initial Growth of Amburana cearensis in Decomposed Buriti Stem Substrate and Nitrogen Doses

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Augusto Matias de Oliveira ◽  
Wéverson Lima Fonseca ◽  
Tiago De Oliveira Sousa ◽  
Hingrid Raiany Santos Teixeira ◽  
Fernandes Antonio de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

One of the difficulties of producing native species seedlings is slow growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith in relation to the concentration decomposed buriti stem substratum and nitrogen doses. A completely randomized design was used in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 5 (proportions of decomposed buriti stem × nitrogen doses), with six replicates. The treatments were formulated substrates comprised of decomposed buriti stem manually mixed with soil (Dystrophic Yellow Latosol) in three proportions (0, 25 and 50%) and five nitrogen doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) applied in treatments. There was no significant interaction between the DRM and ND factors. However, there was an isolated effect for the following variables: Plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), dry mass of the aerial part (DMA) and root length (RL). The best concentrations of the substrate for the variables PH, LA and DMA were 25% and 50%, whereas for SD, LN and RL, the best result was 50%. ND and other variables had good responses under recommended doses ranging from a minimum of 264.82 mg dm-3, observed in DMA, and a maximum of 400 mg dm-3, observed in RL. Both factors positively the quality of umburana seedlings.

scholarly journals EMERGÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM FUNÇÃO DA POSIÇÃO DA SEMENTE E QUANTIDADE DE PALHA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheli Satomi YAMAUTI ◽  
Arthur Arrobas Martins BARROSO ◽  
Paulo Roberto Fidelis GIANCOTTI ◽  
Vanessa Luzia SQUASSONI ◽  
Lucas Tadeu Mazza REVOLTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Seed Position ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes densidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar e do posicionamento das sementes de Euphorbia heterophylla, Mucuna cinereum, Digitaria nuda e Eleusine indica sobre a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial das plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 15 tratamentos e quatro repetições distribuídos em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 com testemunha adicional; o primeiro fator foi constituído pelas posições das sementes em relação a palha (abaixo, entre e sobre) e o segundo pelas quantidades de palha (1, 2, 4, 8 e 16 t ha -1) e a testemunha sem palha. Aos 15 dias após a semeadura (DAS) foram realizadas avaliações de altura, massa seca da parte aérea e porcentagem de emergência para E. heterophylla e M. cinereum e, aos 28 DAS, avaliações de massa seca da parte aérea e porcentagem de emergência para D. nuda e E. indica. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste F na análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas com o auxílio do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Constatou-se que a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial de E. heterophylla e M. cinereum foram reduzidos com o aumento da quantidade de palha e foram afetados com o posicionamento das sementes, mas não foram inibidos em nenhuma das condições, indicando uma maior agressividade destas daninhas em condições de colheita mecanizada. Já a emergência de espécies D. nuda e E. indica não sofreu interferência do posicionamento da semente e a cobertura do solo com 8 e 16 t ha -1 de palha de cana inibiu a emergência de suas plântulas.germinação. ABSTRACT This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of sugarcane straw density and positions of seeds of Euphorbia heterophylla, Mucuna cinereum, Digitaria nuda and Eleusine indica on emergence and initial development of plants. The experiment were arranged in a completely randomized design, with 15 treatments and four replications, in a factorial arrangement 3 x 5 with a additional control; the first factor was constituted by position of seeds related to the straw (under, between and on) and the second by five quantities of straw (1, 2, 4, 8 e 16 t ha -1) with a control without straw. At 15 days after sowing (DAS) it was realized evaluations of height, dry mass and emergence percentage for E. heterophylla and M. cinereum, and at 28 DAS it was analyzed dry mass and emergence percentage for D nuda e E. indica. Data obtained were submitted to F in variance analysis test and means were compared with Tukey at 5% probability. Emergence and initial development of E. heterophylla e M. cinereum were reduced with increasing of straw and were affected by seed position, but it was not inhibited in none of conditions, indicating aggressiveness of these weeds in sugarcane mechanized harvest conditions. D. nuda and E. indica emergence was not affected by seed position and coverage soil with 8 e 16 t ha -1 of sugarcane straw inhibited its emergence.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF Sorghum bicolor AND Digitaria insularis ON GERMINATION AND INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CANOLA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Thiago Souza Campos ◽  
Ane Gabriele Vaz Sousa ◽  
Jaime Santos do Rego Junior ◽  
Westefann Dos Santos Sousa ◽  
Cleiton Gredson Sabin Benett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Agriculture depends on biotic and abiotic factors, and one of them is allelopathy, defined as the chemical interference that one plant has on others, which can negatively affect germination. The objective of this work is to evaluate the allelopathic effects of Sorghum bicolor and Digitaria insularis on seed germination and initial development of canola seedlings (Brassica napus L.). A completely randomized design was used in a 2x5 factorial scheme (two extracts: D. insularis and S. bicolor) and five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%), with four replicates of fifty seeds, the plot being constituted by a 'gerbox' box containing 50 seeds evenly distributed. The variable analyzed were germination percentage (G), abnormal seedlings (AS), dead seeds (DS), length of the shoot (SL) and primary root (RL), total length (TL) of the seedling, shoot ratio (S/T), and root ratio (R/T). The aqueous extracts of D. insularis interfere in all variables studied, which compromises the formation of normal seedlings, regardless of concentration. The extract of S. bicolor expressed allelopathic effects only in concentrations above 75%. Both species can inhibit the initial development of canola plants.

scholarly journals Phenology of African mahogany plants submitted to irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derblai Casaroli ◽  
Flávio De Oliveira Rosa ◽  
José Alves Júnior ◽  
Adão Wagner Pêgo Evangelista
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
African Mahogany ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Times

In the searching of forest species with good wood quality, easy adaptability and high commercial value, the African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis Chev. A.) have been a good alternative. This study aimed evaluate the phenometric responses of African Mahogany submitted to irrigation. The field experiment was carried out in Bonfinópolis-GO, Brazil, with young plants of African mahogany, being 5 irrigated and 5 non-irrigated. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, stem heigh, number of leaves and leaflets, stem diameter and leaf area. A completely randomized design was used in a bi-factorial scheme 2x9 (A: irrigated and non-irrigated; D: 0, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480, 540 days after transplanting). All the variables showed significant differences not only for irrigated and non-irrigated treatments but also for the times of evaluation, except for stem diameter. Irrigation resulted in higher growth of plants and the irrigation of young African mahogany plants should be used mainly in drought period.

scholarly journals Inhibition Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum) Skin Aqueous Extract on Mastitis Causing Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Afduha Nurus Syamsi ◽  
Meyta Pratiwi ◽  
Aras Prasetiyo Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Streptococcus Mutants

Mastitis in dairy caused by microorganisms, e.g. Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, is a serious problem due to its effect in decreasing quality and quantity of milk production up to 53.5%. Mastitis precautions are generally carried out using iodine solution and has risk leaving residue both on the udder and milk produced. Natural antimicrobial compounds need to be developed to solve iodine residues. An alternative natural ingredient that can be used is the skin of garlic which is known contains allicin, that is able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. This completely randomized design research by applying Kirby-Bauer method, aimed to identify the effect and concentration of garlic skin extracts that are effective against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutants, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Research was done in 6 months in Faculty of Animal Science and Faculty of Biology Unsoed, and the datas were analyzed using ANOVA. Garlic skins were extracted using aquadest to three concentrations i.e. 5%, 10% and 15%, and were tested on to mastitis-causing microorganisms growth. The results showed the extract of garlic skins using aquadest has high potency in inhibiting the growth of mastitis-causing microorganisms. Based on the results, aqueous extract of garlic skin has inhibition activity with minimum concentration 5-10%.

scholarly journals Initial Development of Eucalyptus According to Different Desiccation Periods of Signalgrass

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. GRAAT ◽  
A.L. BACHA ◽  
M.P. NEPOMUCENO ◽  
P.L.C.A. ALVES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT: This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different desiccation periods of Urochloa decumbens on the initial development of Eucalyptus urograndis (clone C-219H). The experiment was conducted in 100 liter concrete boxes, previously filled with Dark-Red Latosol. U. decumbens was sown in all plots, except for the control sample without covering. After 95 days from sowing, the herbicide glyphosate (dose of 1,424 g a.e. ha-1) was sprayed at intervals of 0 (Apply-Plant), 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days before eucalyptus planting, plus a control sample without covering, totaling seven treatments. A completely randomized design with six replications was used. Eucalyptus plants were evaluated 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP), when the height of the plants and the diameter of the stem were determined. At the end of the experimental period (90 DAP), the leaf area and the dry matter of leaves and stem were measured. It is possible to conclude that the Apply-Plant modality was harmful to some of the eucalyptus characteristics (E. urograndis - C-219H), while planting the seedlings in periods over 14 days after the desiccation of U. decumbens plants promoted a better development of the culture.

scholarly journals Initial development of lettuce in vermicompost at higher trichoderma doses

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Maria MS Wiethan ◽  
Gabriel S Bortolin ◽  
Renata S Pinto ◽  
Antonio Carlos F Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Emergency Stabilization ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the initial development, as well as, the chemical characteristics of lettuce plants grown in substrate with high concentrations of bioagent (trichoderma). A completely randomized design with four replicates was used. The treatments, applied to a substrate composed of a blend of vermicompost and commercial substrate, were established by the following doses of the commercial product ICB Nutrissolo Trichoderma: T1) 0.0; T2) 1.0; T3) 2.0; T4) 4.0; T5) 8.0 and T6) 16.0x1011 conidia kg-1 of product. After inoculation, the substrate was placed in trays, where 50 lettuce seeds were sown on each replication. Plants were thinned after emergency stabilization, maintaining ten seedlings per tray. At 28 days after sowing, the characteristics percentage and emergence speed index, leaf area, fresh and dry leaf biomass, volume, length and surface area of the root were evaluated. We also determined the chemical characteristics of the leaves. The percentage of seed germination and the emergence speed index were lower at doses higher than 4.0x1011 conidia kg-1 of the biological product. All the studied doses influenced negatively in shoot and root development of the plants. The percentage of nutrients in the leaves was higher in treatments with ICB.

scholarly journals Influence of the sowing depth and amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of Chloris polydactyla and Eleusine indica and their control by herbicides applied pre-emergence

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1187
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rafael Malardo ◽  
Patrícia Andrea Monquero ◽  
Paulo Henrique Vieira dos Santos ◽  
Nagilla Moraes Ribeiro ◽  
Paulo Vinicius da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sowing depth and amount of sugarcane straw on the soil on the emergence of Chloris polydactyla (‘capim-branco’) and Eleusine indica (Indian goosegrass) and to determine the efficacy of herbicides applied pre-emergence in the control of these species under different straw amount and rainfall regime conditions. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. In the first experiment, the effects of six sowing depths (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 cm) and six sugarcane straw amounts (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 t ha -1) were assessed on the emergence of Indian goosegrass and ‘capim-branco’ in a 6 x 6 factorial arrangement. In the second experiment, the efficacy in the control of these species was evaluated for one control without herbicide and five treatments (indaziflam, metribuzin, tebuthiuron, indaziflam + metribuzin, and indaziflam + tebuthiuron) applied pre-emergence over four straw amounts (0, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1) in a 6 x 4 factorial arrangement. This experiment was evaluated under two rainfall regimes in separate experiments (simulation of 20 mm of rainfall 1 or 10 days after herbicide application). The ‘capim-branco’ showed a marked reduction in emergence beginning at 2 t ha-1 of straw and a 2 cm sowing depth. For the Indian goosegrass, the decline in emergence mainly occurred beginning at 4 t ha-1 of straw and a 4 cm sowing depth. Only some of the Indian goosegrass plants emerged at the greater sowing depths (8 and 10 cm) and straw amounts (8 and 10 t ha-1), whereas no emergence of the ‘capim-branco’ was observed under these conditions. The treatments with sowing at a 1 cm depth and with 0, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1 of straw provided the highest emergence percentage for the species. Application of the herbicide indaziflam alone was the only ineffective treatment for the control of the weeds regardless of the amount of straw and the water regime used. We concluded that the increase in the sowing depth and the amount of straw significantly reduced the emergence of the species and that the presence of straw and the dry period interfered with the herbicide efficacy.

scholarly journals Substrate and seed sowing position on the production of Plukenetia volubilis L. seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane S. Jeromini ◽  
Ana S. V. Barbosa ◽  
Givanildo Z. da Silva ◽  
Cibele C. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seed Position ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Plukenetia Volubilis ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Plukenetia volubilis is a species native to the Amazonia and has economic potential due to the high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins of the seeds; however, information about production of seedlings in nursery is scarce. Factors that contribute to fast emergence and generation of vigorous seedlings are desirable for plant production in the nursery. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the most favorable substrate and seed position for the production of P. volubilis seedlings. The seeds were sown in the following four positions: hilum facing up, hilum facing down, seed lying on its cotyledon suture, and seed lying flat on one of its cotyledon faces. The substrates were sand, vermiculite and commercial substrate. Treatments were distributed according to a completely randomized design in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement (seed position and substrate) with three replicates of 25 seeds each. The following variables were evaluated: emergence percentage; first count of seedlings; number, width and length of leaves; plant height; stem diameter; dry matter of shoots and roots. It was concluded that the production of P. volubilis seedlings is not affected by either substrate or seed position at sowing. The substrates most favorable to the quality of P. volubilis seedlings were the commercial substrate and vermiculite, always for the positions of seed lying on its cotyledon suture, with faces parallel to tube walls, and seed lying flat on one of its faces.

scholarly journals The Allelopathic Effect of Eucalyptus Leaf Extract on Grass Forage Seed

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.P. Carvalho ◽  
C.A.D. Melo ◽  
M.S. Machado ◽  
D.C.F.S. Dias ◽  
E.M. Alvarenga
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Vigor ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of various concentrations of an aqueous extract of eucalyptus leaves on Urochloa decumbens and Panicum maximum seeds. The extract was prepared from Eucalyptus urograndis leaves that were milled and mixed with distilled water in a 1:9 milled leaves: water ratio to obtain an extract with a defined concentration of 100%. In addition, dilutions of 50%, 25% and 12.5% were prepared, and a 0% dilution was used as a control. The experiment followed a completely randomized design, with four replicates, each of 50 seeds of U. decumbens and 50 seeds of P. maximum, arranged on filter paper moistened with each concentration of extract in a Gerbox plastic box. The results demonstrated the allelopathic potential of E. urograndis aqueous extracts applied to the seeds of U. decumbens and P. maximum. The 50% and 100% concentrations of leaf extract most strongly inhibited the germination, vigor and seedling growth of U. decumbens and P. maximum. The germination speed index and the root length were the characteristics that were most affected by the potentially allelopathic substances contained in the eucalyptus extracts at all concentrations.

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