scholarly journals Influence of the sowing depth and amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of Chloris polydactyla and Eleusine indica and their control by herbicides applied pre-emergence

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1187
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rafael Malardo ◽  
Patrícia Andrea Monquero ◽  
Paulo Henrique Vieira dos Santos ◽  
Nagilla Moraes Ribeiro ◽  
Paulo Vinicius da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sowing depth and amount of sugarcane straw on the soil on the emergence of Chloris polydactyla (‘capim-branco’) and Eleusine indica (Indian goosegrass) and to determine the efficacy of herbicides applied pre-emergence in the control of these species under different straw amount and rainfall regime conditions. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. In the first experiment, the effects of six sowing depths (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 cm) and six sugarcane straw amounts (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 t ha -1) were assessed on the emergence of Indian goosegrass and ‘capim-branco’ in a 6 x 6 factorial arrangement. In the second experiment, the efficacy in the control of these species was evaluated for one control without herbicide and five treatments (indaziflam, metribuzin, tebuthiuron, indaziflam + metribuzin, and indaziflam + tebuthiuron) applied pre-emergence over four straw amounts (0, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1) in a 6 x 4 factorial arrangement. This experiment was evaluated under two rainfall regimes in separate experiments (simulation of 20 mm of rainfall 1 or 10 days after herbicide application). The ‘capim-branco’ showed a marked reduction in emergence beginning at 2 t ha-1 of straw and a 2 cm sowing depth. For the Indian goosegrass, the decline in emergence mainly occurred beginning at 4 t ha-1 of straw and a 4 cm sowing depth. Only some of the Indian goosegrass plants emerged at the greater sowing depths (8 and 10 cm) and straw amounts (8 and 10 t ha-1), whereas no emergence of the ‘capim-branco’ was observed under these conditions. The treatments with sowing at a 1 cm depth and with 0, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1 of straw provided the highest emergence percentage for the species. Application of the herbicide indaziflam alone was the only ineffective treatment for the control of the weeds regardless of the amount of straw and the water regime used. We concluded that the increase in the sowing depth and the amount of straw significantly reduced the emergence of the species and that the presence of straw and the dry period interfered with the herbicide efficacy.

scholarly journals EMERGÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM FUNÇÃO DA POSIÇÃO DA SEMENTE E QUANTIDADE DE PALHA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheli Satomi YAMAUTI ◽  
Arthur Arrobas Martins BARROSO ◽  
Paulo Roberto Fidelis GIANCOTTI ◽  
Vanessa Luzia SQUASSONI ◽  
Lucas Tadeu Mazza REVOLTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Seed Position ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes densidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar e do posicionamento das sementes de Euphorbia heterophylla, Mucuna cinereum, Digitaria nuda e Eleusine indica sobre a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial das plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 15 tratamentos e quatro repetições distribuídos em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 com testemunha adicional; o primeiro fator foi constituído pelas posições das sementes em relação a palha (abaixo, entre e sobre) e o segundo pelas quantidades de palha (1, 2, 4, 8 e 16 t ha -1) e a testemunha sem palha. Aos 15 dias após a semeadura (DAS) foram realizadas avaliações de altura, massa seca da parte aérea e porcentagem de emergência para E. heterophylla e M. cinereum e, aos 28 DAS, avaliações de massa seca da parte aérea e porcentagem de emergência para D. nuda e E. indica. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste F na análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas com o auxílio do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Constatou-se que a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial de E. heterophylla e M. cinereum foram reduzidos com o aumento da quantidade de palha e foram afetados com o posicionamento das sementes, mas não foram inibidos em nenhuma das condições, indicando uma maior agressividade destas daninhas em condições de colheita mecanizada. Já a emergência de espécies D. nuda e E. indica não sofreu interferência do posicionamento da semente e a cobertura do solo com 8 e 16 t ha -1 de palha de cana inibiu a emergência de suas plântulas.germinação. ABSTRACT This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of sugarcane straw density and positions of seeds of Euphorbia heterophylla, Mucuna cinereum, Digitaria nuda and Eleusine indica on emergence and initial development of plants. The experiment were arranged in a completely randomized design, with 15 treatments and four replications, in a factorial arrangement 3 x 5 with a additional control; the first factor was constituted by position of seeds related to the straw (under, between and on) and the second by five quantities of straw (1, 2, 4, 8 e 16 t ha -1) with a control without straw. At 15 days after sowing (DAS) it was realized evaluations of height, dry mass and emergence percentage for E. heterophylla and M. cinereum, and at 28 DAS it was analyzed dry mass and emergence percentage for D nuda e E. indica. Data obtained were submitted to F in variance analysis test and means were compared with Tukey at 5% probability. Emergence and initial development of E. heterophylla e M. cinereum were reduced with increasing of straw and were affected by seed position, but it was not inhibited in none of conditions, indicating aggressiveness of these weeds in sugarcane mechanized harvest conditions. D. nuda and E. indica emergence was not affected by seed position and coverage soil with 8 e 16 t ha -1 of sugarcane straw inhibited its emergence.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SUGARCANE STRAW AND SOWING DEPTH ON THE EMERGENCE OF WEED SPECIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. SILVA ◽  
P. A. MONQUERO ◽  
F. B. SILVA ◽  
N. C. BEVILAQUA ◽  
M. R. MALARDO
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the influence of sowing depth and the amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of weed species Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). A completely randomized design with a 5 x 4 x 3 factorial layout with four replications was used, at five sowing depths (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm), four different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) and three different evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). After sowing, different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) were deposited on soil. Seedling emergence was analyzed at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, counting the number of seedlings that had emerged. At the end of the trial, weed height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and shoot dry mass (g) were measured. In relation to emergence ability, studied species presented different responses according to sowing depth and to the amount of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil. For the L.aegyptiacaand M.aterrima, no significant difference was observed in the interaction between depth and sugarcane straw, showing the adaptation of these species to no-burn sugarcane system. For R.communis, seeds placed at 0 cm of sugar cane straw depth were observed to favor the emergence of seedlings.

The effects of glyphosate and triclopyr on common bryophytes and lichens in northwestern Ontario

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G Newmaster ◽  
F Wayne Bell ◽  
Dale H Vitt
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of two silvicultural herbicides (Vision®, Release®) on bryophytes and lichens were studied in a harvested boreal mixedwood ecosystem. A completely randomized design with 115 plots of 1 m2 allowed direct comparison between herbicides and their effects on community dynamics. Regression models were used to analyze the relationship between herbicide application rates (0.71-6.72 kg active ingredient/ha) and changes in bryophyte and lichen abundance and species richness for 2 years following herbicide application. Results showed that bryophyte and lichen abundance and species richness decreased after herbicide treatments. In general, herbicide applications reduced the diversity of forest mesophytes and weedy colonizers to an ecosystem with only a few species of colonizers. A combination of clustering techniques and ANOVA were used to divide bryophytes and lichens into three ecologically defined response groups: herbicide-tolerant colonizers, semi tolerant long-term stayers from dry open forest, and sensitive forest mesophytes.

Effect of Temperature on Clopyralid Safety in Strawberry

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun M. Sharpe ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
Greg E. MacDonald ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Growing Conditions

AbstractStrawberry is an important horticultural crop in Florida. The long growing season and escapes from fumigation and PRE herbicides necessitate POST weed management to maximize harvest potential and efficiency. Alternatives to hand-weeding are desirable, but clopyralid is the only broadleaf herbicide registered for use. Weed control may be improved by early-season clopyralid applications, but at risk of high temperature and increased strawberry injury. The effect of temperature on clopyralid safety on strawberry is unknown. We undertook a growth chamber experiment using a completely randomized design to determine crop safety under various temperature conditions across acclimation, herbicide application, and post-application periods. There was no effect of clopyralid on the number of strawberry leaves across all temperatures. Damage to the strawberry manifested as leaf malformations. Acclimation temperatures affected clopyralid-associated injury (p=0.0309), with increased leaf malformations at higher temperatures (27 C) compared to lower (18 C) temperatures. Pre-treatment temperatures did not affect clopyralid injury. Post-application temperature also affected clopyralid injury (p=0.0161), with increased leaf malformations at higher temperatures compared to lower ones. Clopyralid application did not reduce flowering or biomass production in the growth chamber. If leaf malformations are to be avoided, consideration to growing conditions prior to application is advisable, especially if applying clopyralid early in the season.

scholarly journals Behavioral aspects of Santa Inês sheep kept in pasture in a tropical rainforest climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Manno ◽  
Luiz Fernando de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Kedson Raul de Souza Lima ◽  
Monique Valéria de Lima Carvalhal ◽  
Silas Santiago Rodrigues Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
The Times ◽  
Main Activity

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate behavioral aspects of Santa Inês sheep in pasture in humid tropical climate. In order to do so, nine Santa Inês sheep were kept on pasture, exposed to the climate directly, without shade, for 24 days, with 12 alternate days in each period (dry and raining) in 2015. The behavioral parameters evaluated were: food consumption, standing idleness, lying idle and rumination. Observations occurred from 08:00 A.M. to 05:55 P.M. The experimental was a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatments (rainy season and dry period), nine replications, one animal per experimental unit. To understand the correlations of the behavioral parameters with the climatic variables, Pearson’s correlation was performed. Approximate average values between the rainy and dry periods for the behavioral variables were observed, but there was a greater intake in the volume of water in the dry period (9.59L/sheep). Also, there were significant differences in the behavior of the animals throughout the day. In the hottest time of the day, at 02:00 P.M., there was standing idle of 25.83min., lying idle of 1.21min., and spent less time-consuming food (27.08min.) in relation to other schedules. We concluded that the sheep had similar behavioral parameters in the rainy and dry periods, but when we observe the times of the days, the behaviors are different. The main activity recorded was grazing, and the variables, temperature and relative humidity of the air influence differently between the seasons, being more marked in the dry period.

scholarly journals Substrate and seed sowing position on the production of Plukenetia volubilis L. seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane S. Jeromini ◽  
Ana S. V. Barbosa ◽  
Givanildo Z. da Silva ◽  
Cibele C. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seed Position ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Plukenetia Volubilis ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Plukenetia volubilis is a species native to the Amazonia and has economic potential due to the high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins of the seeds; however, information about production of seedlings in nursery is scarce. Factors that contribute to fast emergence and generation of vigorous seedlings are desirable for plant production in the nursery. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the most favorable substrate and seed position for the production of P. volubilis seedlings. The seeds were sown in the following four positions: hilum facing up, hilum facing down, seed lying on its cotyledon suture, and seed lying flat on one of its cotyledon faces. The substrates were sand, vermiculite and commercial substrate. Treatments were distributed according to a completely randomized design in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement (seed position and substrate) with three replicates of 25 seeds each. The following variables were evaluated: emergence percentage; first count of seedlings; number, width and length of leaves; plant height; stem diameter; dry matter of shoots and roots. It was concluded that the production of P. volubilis seedlings is not affected by either substrate or seed position at sowing. The substrates most favorable to the quality of P. volubilis seedlings were the commercial substrate and vermiculite, always for the positions of seed lying on its cotyledon suture, with faces parallel to tube walls, and seed lying flat on one of its faces.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Atraktan terhadap Daya Tetas dan Jumlah Telur Nyamuk Aedes albopictus di Laboratorium

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rasyid Ridha ◽  
Abdullah Fadilly ◽  
Budi Hairani ◽  
Wulan RSG Sembiring ◽  
Gusti Meliyanie
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Smirnov Test

Abstract. Aedes albopictus can act as a primary or secondary vector of dengue hemorrhagic fever andchikungunya. Its population needs to be controlled. One of the environmentally-friendly control methods isthe use of ovitrap. Ovitrap will be more optimal if it added by attractant substances from easily obtainedingredients in the surrounding environment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of attractants inthe form of water-soaked paddy (Oryza sativa), cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) and Indian goosegrass(Eleusine indica). An experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD) was carried out at theEntomology Laboratory of Balai Litbangkes Tanah Bumbu in January - April 2018. The population of thisstudy is the 10th filial of Ae. albopictus laboratory colonization and gravid female mosquito as samples.Material combination in the study was paddy straw soaking water (ARJP), Indian goosegrass immersionwater, cogongrass soaking water, Ae albopictus used eggs laying water (ABT), and distilled water as control(K). Repetition was done five times. Effectiveness of attractants analyzed by ANOVA and LSD tests. Datanormality tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, if it was not fulfilled, the Kruskal Wallis test was used. Theresults showed that the use of attractants of water-soaked paddy, Indian goosegrass and cogongrass provedto have a different effect on the number of Aedes albopictus mosquito eggs compared to aquades and eggslaying water, but there was no influence between the three types of attractants.

scholarly journals Haematology of Nellore Brown Ewes and Lambs Reared in Different Systems of Rearing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
Batthina Rangamma A. Sarat Chandra ◽  
N. Rajanna M. Gnana Prakash ◽  
Amareswari M. Venkateswarulu ◽  
Ch. Hari krishna
Keyword(s):  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The study was conducted at Sheep unit, Livestock Research Station, Mamnnor, Warangal. The ewes and lambs were divided into three groups i.e Intensive (G1), Semi-Intensive (G2) and Extensive (G3) group by using Completely Randomized design. The mean WBC (10 3/ µl) count of ewes in G1, G2 and G3 group had significant (P<0.01) difference between G1 and G3 group but the means of G1 and G2 group was not comparable. In lactating ewes, the mean RBC (106/µl) count of G2 group had no significant (P<0.01) effect with G3 group. The mean Haemoglobin (g/dl) in G1, G2 and G3 groups in dry ewes and had significant (P<0.01) difference between the three groups. The mean PCV (%) during dry period was significantly (P<0.01) higher in G1 than G2 and G3 groups. In lambs, the WBC (10 3/ µl) count was higher in G3 group followed by G2 and G1 group at the 90th and 180th day of study. The mean RBC (106/µl) of lambs at the 180th day was higher in G1 than G2 and G3 group. The mean Haemoglobin (g/dl) of lambs in G2 and G3 groups had no significant (P < 0.05) effect at 180th day.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Clomazone Formulations Under Different Applications Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. TROPALDI ◽  
I.P.F.S. BRITO ◽  
R.C. DIAS ◽  
M.L.B. TRINDADE ◽  
C.A. CARBONARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Production Areas

ABSTRACT: Maintenance of straw on the soil surface in sugarcane production areas can influence weed occurrence and herbicide dynamics. After application, considerable losses of clomazone can occur as a result of its physicochemical characteristics. For this reason, novel formulations have been developed. In addition to the conventional formulation, microencapsulated formulations are currently available. Thus, the aim of this study was to observe and compare the effect of clomazone formulations under different application conditions. For this purpose, the experiment was carried with 12 treatments in a completely randomized design, with four replications, using clomazone formulations (1,200 g a.i. ha-1), on soils with different moisture levels, in the presence and absence of sugarcane straw, followed or not by rainfall simulation. The treatments were compared by observation of number of emerged plants and phytotoxicity at 7 and 14 DAA, as well shoot dry matter at 14 DAA for Ipomoea nil, Urochloa decumbens and Panicum maximum. In general, the microencapsulated formulation presented a better performance under the less suitable application conditions when compared to the conventional one. However, for the other conditions, both formulations had a similar performance.

scholarly journals Herbicide selectivity in alfalfa crops

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hijano ◽  
P.A. Monquero ◽  
W.S. Munhoz ◽  
M.R. Gusmão
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to determine the selectivity of herbicides applied in pre- and post-emergence for alfalfa crops. Three separate experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions. The first experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications in a 4 x 11 + 1 factorial scheme , with eleven herbicides (bentazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, saflufenacil, imazethapyr, clethodim, nicosulfuron, imazaquin, haloxyfop-methyl and MSMA), four doses of each herbicide (0.5 D, 0.75 D, 1.0 D and 1.25 D, where D = recommended dose), plus an untreated control. The products were applied to alfalfa plants at the stage of 4 to 5 leaf pairs. In the second experiment, the effect of pre-emergent herbicides on early alfalfa development was observed through a completely randomized design with five replications in a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with three herbicides (hexazinone, atrazine + simazine, S-metolachlor), four doses (0.5 D, 0.75 D, 1.0 D and 1.25 D), and two types of soil texture (loamy and clay soil), plus an untreated control. The third experiment evaluated the action of atrazine, 2,550 g ha-1; clomazone - 600 g ha-1; diclosulam - 25 g ha-1; diuron+hexazinone - 936 + 264 g ha-1 and diuron+hexazinone +sulfometuron - 1,386 + 391 + 33.35 g ha-1 on alfalfa sown at different times after herbicide application. The effects of the treatments on alfalfa were evaluated according to visual phytotoxicity symptoms, plant height, and biomass of roots and shoots. Among the herbicides applied at post-emergence, imazethapyr, clethodim, haloxyfop-p-methyl and MSMA were selective for alfalfa, while among those applied at pre-emergence, none were selective, regardless of soil texture. The results of the third experiment showed that the herbicides diclosulam, hexazinone + diuron and atrazine caused less toxicity in alfalfa plants.

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