scholarly journals Flow Cytometry Assessment of Bacterial and Yeast Induced Oxidative Burst in Peripheral Blood Phagocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Floredana-Laura Șular ◽  
Minodora Dobreanu
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Specific Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Assay Precision ◽  
The One ◽  
Cellular Immune

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to verify in our laboratory conditions the performance criteria of a commercial kit (PhagoburstTM, Glycotope Biotechnology) as described by the producers. We have also partially altered the use of the available kit by introducing a non-opsonized Candida albicans stimulus, in addition to the opsonized Escherichia coli stimulus provided by the manufacturer. Material and methods: The peripheral blood samples of 6 clinically healthy adults were tested in triplicate according to the manufacturer recommendations. The intraassay imprecision as well as the ranges of neutrophil and monocyte burst activation triggered by various stimuli were assessed. Results: The activation range of granulocytes and monocytes was similar to the one described by the producer in the presence of E. coli (granulocytes: 78.45-99.43% versus 99.6-99.95%, average %CV of 1.53% versus 0.1%, monocytes: 54.63-92.33% versus 81.80-96.67, average %CV 6.92% versus 1.1%). The leukocyte range of activation in the presence of non-opsonized C. albicans was comparable to the one triggered by the fMLP (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) stimulus. Conclusion: The intra-assay precision obtained in our laboratory conditions, as well as the ranges of activated leukocytes, are comparable to the ones described by the producer when using E. coli as a stimulus. The present study shows that introducing an extra fungal stimulus for burst oxidation assessment could provide additional information regarding the non-specific cellular immune response, particularly in patients at risk for candidemia.

The Local Sanarelli-Shwartzman Phenomenon in Rats Induced by Human Leukaemic Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
J Lisiewicz ◽  
A Pituch ◽  
J. A Litwin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Demarcation Line ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Leukaemic Cells ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon

SummaryThe local Sanarelli-Shwartzman phenomenon (SSP-L) in the skin of 30 rats was induced by an intr a cutaneous sensitizing injection of leukaemic leucocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AL) and chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and challenged by an intravenous injection of 100(μ of E. coli endotoxin. SSP-L was observed in 7 rats after injection of CLL lymphocytes and in 6 and 2 rats after AL myeloblasts and the CGL granulocytes, respectively. The lesions in the skin after AL myeloblasts appeared in a shorter time and were of longer duration compared with those observed after CLL lymphocytes and CGL granulocytes. Histologically, the lesions consisted of areas of destruction in the superficial layers of the skin ; the demarcation line showed the presence of neutrophils, macrophages and erythrocytes. Haemorrhages and fibrin deposits near the demarcation line were larger after injection of CLL lymphocytes and AL myeloblasts than after CGL granulocytes. The possible role of leucocyte procoagulative substances in the differences observed have been discussed.

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration Process in Disinfection and Advanced Treatment of Tertiary Treated Wastewater

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Rafał Tytus Bray ◽  
Katarzyna Jankowska ◽  
Eliza Kulbat ◽  
Aneta Łuczkiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Sokołowska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The paper presents the results of research on the use of ultrafiltration, using membranes of 200 and 400 kDa separation, for disinfection of municipal treated wastewater. The research was conducted on a fractional technical scale using real municipal treated wastewater from two large wastewater treatment plants treating most of the wastewater over the one-million polycentric Gdańsk agglomeration (1.2 million inhabitants). UF 200 kDa and UF 400 kDa processes enabled further improvement of the physical and chemical parameters of treated wastewater. Total phosphorus (to below 0.2 mg/L–UF 200 kDa, 0.13 mg/L–UF 400 kDa) and turbid substances (to below 0.2 mg/L, both membranes) were removed in the highest degree. COD was reduced efficiently (to below 25.6 mgO2/L–UF 200 kDa, 26.8 mgO2/L–UF 400 kDa), while total nitrogen was removed to a small extent (to 7.12 mg/L–UF 200 kDa and 5.7 mg/L–UF 400 kDa. Based on the reduction of indicator bacteria; fecal coliforms including E. coli (FC) and fecal enterococci (FE) it was found that the ultrafiltration is an effective method of disinfection. Not much indicator bacterial were observed in the permeate after processes (UF 200 kDa; FC—5 CFU/L; FE—1 CFU/L and UF 400 kDa; FC—70 CFU/L; FE—10 CFU/L. However, microscopic analysis of prokaryotic cells and virus particles showed their presence after the application of both membrane types; TCN 3.0 × 102 cells/mL–UF 200 kDa, 5.0 × 103 cells/mL–UF 400 kDa, VP 1.0 × 105/mL. The presence of potentially pathogenic, highly infectious virus particles means that ultrafiltration cannot be considered a sufficient disinfection method for treated wastewater diverted for reuse or discharged from high load wastewater treatment plants to recreational areas. For full microbiological safety it would be advisable to apply an additional disinfection method (e.g., ozonation).

Prevalence of non-O157 Shiga Toxin-producing E. Coli in Children and Calves in Al- Muthanna Province, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jarad ◽  
Kh. Al- Jeboori
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
Big Six ◽  
Reliable Isolation

The present study focus on non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. Coli (STEC), included a bacteriological study was subjected to provide additional information for non-O157 STEC prevalence in children and calves. Isolation by using selective culturing media (CHROMagar STEC and CHROMagar O157) from 127 children suffering from diarrhea and 133 calves in Al- Muthanna province. Characterization depends on culturing positive colony on MacConkey agar and Levin’s Eosin Methylene blue agar, staining single colony from the growth by gram stain, biochemical tests; Indole, the Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate test, Oxidase, Catalase, Urease, Motility, Kligler Iron and Api-20E, were done to confirm a diagnosis of non-O157 STEC, The reliable isolation as non-O157 STEC serotyping by specific latex agglutination test for the target non-O157 STEC (big six) serogroup (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145). The current study showed the prevalence of non-O157 STEC was 20 of out 127 (15.73%) in samples collected from children and 27 / 133 (20.30%) in calves samples in conclusion the Non-O157 STEC is an important cause of diarrhea in children, and calves; finally, the calves play an important reservoir for Non-O157 STEC.

scholarly journals Monitoring Tacrolimus Concentrations in Whole Blood and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Inter- and Intra-Patient Variability in a Cohort of Pediatric Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amedeo De Nicolò ◽  
Michele Pinon ◽  
Alice Palermiti ◽  
Antonello Nonnato ◽  
Alessandra Manca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Intracellular Concentrations ◽  
The One

Tacrolimus (TAC) is a first-choice immunosuppressant for solid organ transplantation, characterized by high potential for drug-drug interactions, significant inter- and intra-patient variability, and narrow therapeutic index. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of TAC concentrations in whole blood (WB) is capable of reducing the incidence of adverse events. Since TAC acts within lymphocytes, its monitoring in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) may represent a valid future alternative for TDM. Nevertheless, TAC intracellular concentrations and their variability are poorly described, particularly in the pediatric context. Therefore, our aim was describing TAC concentrations in WB and PBMC and their variability in a cohort of pediatric patients undergoing constant immunosuppressive maintenance therapy, after liver transplantation. TAC intra-PBMCs quantification was performed through a validated UHPLC–MS/MS assay over a period of 2–3 months. There were 27 patients included in this study. No significant TAC changes in intracellular concentrations were observed (p = 0.710), with a median percent change of −0.1% (IQR −22.4%–+46.9%) between timings: this intra-individual variability was similar to the one in WB, −2.9% (IQR −29.4–+42.1; p = 0.902). Among different patients, TAC weight-adjusted dose and age appeared to be significant predictors of TAC concentrations in WB and PBMC. Intra-individual seasonal variation of TAC concentrations in WB, but not in PBMC, have been observed. These data show that the intra-individual variability in TAC intracellular exposure is comparable to the one observed in WB. This opens the way for further studies aiming at the identification of therapeutic ranges for TAC intra-PBMC concentrations.

Safety, and Humoral and Cell-mediated Immune Responses to Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Hee Koh ◽  
Jaeseon Lee ◽  
Seo Hwa Kim ◽  
Seung-Ki Kwok ◽  
Ji Hyeon Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Injection Site Reaction ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Specific Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune

Objective.To examine humoral and cellular immune responses induced by a live attenuated herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with osteoarthritis (OA) patients.Methods.This was an observational study of a live attenuated HZ vaccine in 41 patients with RA receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARD) and/or low-dose glucocorticoids (GC) and in 28 patients with OA. Blood samples were obtained before and at 12 weeks after HZ vaccination. Immunogenicity was assessed using varicella zoster virus (VZV)-specific interferon gamma ELISA and an in-house ELISA. Clinical outcomes, including adverse events, HZ occurrence, and RA flares, were analyzed.Results.No patients developed vaccination-induced HZ during the followup period (median = 1.6 yrs). The HZ vaccine induced a significant increase in the VZV-specific enzyme-linked immunospot spot-forming units and anti-VZV immunoglobulin G antibodies in patients with RA and OA. The number of spot-forming units was lower in patients with RA than in patients with OA both at baseline and at 12 weeks after vaccination. The disease activity index for patients with RA was similar at baseline and at 12 weeks after vaccination. However, 6 patients with RA (14.6%) experienced a flare during the 12 weeks. Overall, 17 (24.6%) participants reported a mild adverse event such as an injection site reaction (11.6%).Conclusion.The HZ vaccine induced VZV-specific cellular and humoral responses in patients with RA. Although patients with RA showed a weaker vaccine-induced VZV-specific cellular immune response than patients with OA, the vaccine may be considered in patients with RA receiving cDMARD and/or low dose GC.

A Conceptual Framework for Developing Recommendations for No-Harvest Buffers around In-Field Feces

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL L. WELLER ◽  
JASNA KOVAC ◽  
DAVID J. KENT ◽  
SHERRY ROOF ◽  
JEFFREY I. TOKMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regional Data ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Fecal Pellets ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Results of previous studies revealed that (i) splash can transfer microbes from in-field feces to preharvest produce and (ii) wildlife can be vectors for the introduction of foodborne pathogens into produce fields. However, few peer-reviewed studies have been conducted to examine pathogen transfer from wildlife feces to in-field produce via splash during irrigation. Although two previous studies found a significant relationship between distance and Escherichia coli transfer via splash, the studies sampled produce <1 m from the feces. The present study was conducted to refine our understanding of the impact of distance on E. coli splash. Two trials were conducted 1 month apart. For each trial, fecal pellets inoculated with a three-strain E. coli cocktail were placed in a lettuce field 2.5 h before irrigation. After irrigation, E. coli levels on lettuce heads 0 to 6 m from the pellets were determined. Although E. coli was not detected in any of the heads ≥2 m from the fecal pellets (n = 39), 39% of heads (13 of 33) <2 m from the pellets tested positive for E. coli. According to logistic regression, the odds of harvesting a head that tested positive for E. coli decreased by a factor of 50 (odds ratio, 0.02; 95% confidence interval, <0.01, 0.28; P = 0.004) for each meter increase in the distance between the lettuce and the feces. Thus, the likelihood of E. coli transfer from feces to produce should be minimal at a given distance from the feces. Our model can be used to predict the probability of harvesting a microbially contaminated lettuce head following implementation of a no-harvest buffer around in-field feces. For example, our model suggests that the probability of harvesting a contaminated head was 0.1% at 3 m from the feces. Although the approaches utilized in this study provide a conceptual framework that can be used to help define appropriate no-harvest buffers, delineation of appropriate buffer zones requires additional information (e.g., acceptable risk and regional data). HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Modeling Procedure for the Human Granulopoietic System: Over-all View and Summary of Data

Blood ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie E. Blumenson
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Modeling Procedure ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
The One ◽  
Comprehensive Modeling

Abstract Understanding of the granulopoietic system in both normal and diseased states might be assisted by the use of a quantitative modeling procedure that relates the underlying cellular events of granulopoiesis studied in the laboratory to the marrow and peripheral blood picture as it might be seen in the clinic. In this way, the modeling procedure could become both an adjunct to ongoing laboratory research, as well as a means for rationally deciding on modes of treatment for pathologic conditions. The depth and rapid pace of modern granulopoietic research require that the modeling procedure be, on the one hand, detailed enough to permit the inclusion of the pertinent events at the cellular level as they are known today, while on the other hand, remain flexible enough to permit both the modification of any part and the possibility of seeing the predicted consequences of this modification for both the normal and diseased states. A detailed procedure was developed for an hour-by-hour description of the interrelationship of the kinetics of the various marrow cell types with the events in the peripheral blood and tissue spaces. The model was extended to include the toxic effects of a drug (5-fluorouracil) administered according to the protocol of an actual trial with cancer patients, and the temporal pattern of the predicted effects of the drug on the peripheral blood count was compared with that found in the clinic.

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