scholarly journals Salivary protein roles in oral health and as predictors of caries risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-200
Author(s):  
Galina Laputková ◽  
Vladimíra Schwartzová ◽  
Juraj Bánovčin ◽  
Michal Alexovič ◽  
Ján Sabo
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis work describes the current state of research on the potential relationship between protein content in human saliva and dental caries, which remains among the most common oral diseases and causes irreversible damage in the oral cavity. An understanding the whole saliva proteome in the oral cavity could serve as a prerequisite to obtaining insight into the etiology of tooth decay at early stages. To date, however, there is no comprehensive evidence showing that salivary proteins could serve as potential indicators for the early diagnosis of the risk factors causing dental caries. Therefore, proteomics indicates the promising direction of future investigations of such factors, including diagnosis and thus prevention in dental therapy.

scholarly journals Salivary Oxidative Stress Markers’ Relation to Oral Diseases in Children and Adolescents

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1540
Author(s):  
Bahareh Nazemi Salman ◽  
Shayan Darvish ◽  
Ancuta Goriuc ◽  
Saeideh Mazloomzadeh ◽  
Maryam Hossein Poor Tehrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

(1) Background: Current evidence suggests that salivary markers of oxidative stress are indicative of clinical disease indices such as the papillary bleeding index (PBI) and the caries index (CI). The aim of this study was to assess the relation of oxidative stress markers with oral dental caries and periodontal problems in a pediatric population. (2) Methods: In this case-control study, unstimulated whole saliva was collected from individuals aged 3–18 years (n = 177); 14 individuals were excluded. Study subjects were divided into those with caries (CI = 2, n = 78) and those who were caries-free (n = 85). These groups were then divided into another subset consisting of children (mean age 7.3 years, n = 121) and adolescents (mean age 16.1 years, n = 42). The PBI was determined in all groups. We then assessed salivary levels of oxidative stress markers. (3) Results: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level increased in patients with more gingival bleeding (p < 0.05) in the study group aged 3–18 years. In addition, TAC showed a significant decrease in samples with caries when compared to the caries-free group in adolescents (p = 0.008). (4) Conclusions: TAC levels may be a marker of both gingival bleeding and dental caries in young adult populations. We hope that in the near future, prophylaxis, control, follow up and even possible therapeutic use of oxidative stress markers in a chairside way will become possible as antioxidants have been shown to be effective against oral diseases.

Antimicrobial Factors in Saliva: Ontogeny and Relation to Oral Health

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tenovuo ◽  
E. Grahn ◽  
O.-P. Lehtonen ◽  
T. Hyyppa ◽  
L. Karhuvaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Micro Organisms

Antimicrobial agents (antibody and non-antibody) present in human saliva protect oral tissues by a variety of mechanisms, such as prevention of bacterial adhesion, agglutination of micro-organisms, and inhibition of multiplication and metabolism. However, studies in which the concentrations of various salivary antimicrobial agents have been correlated to the presence and severity of oral diseases-of dental caries, in particular-have produced controversial data, and it seems evident, also on the basis of the present study, that no single salivary antimicrobial factor (except flow rate) affects oral health to a significant degree. In the present study, we report the levels of some selected salivary antimicrobial agents in predentate and dentate human infants, with a comparison to the levels found in young adults' saliva. Salivary lysozyme, peroxidase, and hypothiocyanite concentrations were already at the adult level at the time when the primary teeth erupt, whereas immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM), lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, and thiocyanate concentrations were significantly lower in children than in adults. Dentate children had more IgG, thiocyanate, and protein in whole saliva than did predentate children.

The Most Cited Mesh Terms and Authors who Published Papers in Pubmed Central on the Topic of Medicine and Health Using Bibliometric Analyses

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tsair-Wei Chien ◽  
Hing-Man Wu ◽  
Hsien-Yi Wang ◽  
Willy Chou
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Term ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Control Gain ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Insight Into

Aims: We visualized the current state of research on publication outputs and citations in the field of medicine and health to uncover topic burst and citations among medical subject headings (MeSH) clusters. Study Design: A bibliometric analysis. Place and duration of Study: Using Pubmed indexed articles to inspect the characteristics of topics on medicine and health since 1969. Methodology: Selecting 156 abstracts, author names, countries, and MeSH terms on January 10, 2019, from Pubmed Central (PMC) based on the terms of medicine and health in the title since 1969, we applied the x-index and impact factor to evaluate author individual research achievements and compute MeSH bibliometric performances. The bootstrapping method was used to estimate the median and its 95% confidence intervals and make differences in metrics among MeSH clusters. The dominant nations were selected using the x-index to display on a dashboard. We programmed Microsoft Excel VBA routines to extract data. Google Maps and Pajek software were used for displaying graphical representations. Results: We found that (1)the dominant countries/areas are the Unlited States, Taiwan, and Australia; (2) the author Grajales, Francisco Jose 3rd form Canada has the most cited metrics such as author IF=39.46 and x-index=6.28; (3)the MeSH terms of organization & administration, standards, and prevention & control gain the top three degree centralities among MeSH clusters; (4) No any differences in metrics were found among MeSH clusters; (5) the article(PMID= 24518354) with three MeSH term of delivery of health care, social media, and software and published in 2014 was cited most at least 62 times. Conclusion: Social network analysis provides wide and deep insight into the relationships among MeSH terms. The MeSH weighted scheme and x-index were recommended to academics for computing MeSH citations in the future.

scholarly journals Top-Down Proteomics of Human Saliva Highlights Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Defense Responses in Alzheimer Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Contini ◽  
Alessandra Olianas ◽  
Simone Serrao ◽  
Carla Deriu ◽  
Federica Iavarone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Immunological Methods

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, characterized by accumulation in the brain of misfolded proteins, inflammation, and oxidative damage leading to neuronal cell death. By considering the viewpoint that AD onset and worsening may be influenced by environmental factors causing infection, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reaction, we investigated the changes of the salivary proteome in a population of patients with respect to that in healthy controls (HCs). Indeed, the possible use of saliva as a diagnostic tool has been explored in several oral and systemic diseases. Moreover, the oral cavity continuously established adaptative and protective processes toward exogenous stimuli. In the present study, qualitative/quantitative variations of 56 salivary proteoforms, including post-translationally modified derivatives, have been analyzed by RP-HPLC-ESI-IT-MS and MS/MS analyses, and immunological methods were applied to validate MS results. The salivary protein profile of AD patients was characterized by significantly higher levels of some multifaceted proteins and peptides that were either specific to the oral cavity or also expressed in other body districts: (i) peptides involved in the homeostasis of the oral cavity; (ii) proteins acting as ROS/RNS scavengers and with a neuroprotective role, such as S100A8, S100A9, and their glutathionylated and nitrosylated proteoforms; cystatin B and glutathionylated and dimeric derivatives; (iii) proteins with antimicrobial activity, such as α-defensins, cystatins A and B, histatin 1, statherin, and thymosin β4, this last with a neuroprotective role at the level of microglia. These results suggested that, in response to injured conditions, Alzheimer patients established defensive mechanisms detectable at the oral level. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021538.

scholarly journals Host Defense Proteins Derived from Human Saliva Bind to Staphylococcus aureus

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1364-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Mo Heo ◽  
Kyoung-Soo Choi ◽  
Latif A. Kazim ◽  
Molakala S. Reddy ◽  
Elaine M. Haase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Defense Proteins ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTProteins in human saliva are thought to modulate bacterial colonization of the oral cavity. Yet, information is sparse on how salivary proteins interact with systemic pathogens that transiently or permanently colonize the oral environment.Staphylococcus aureusis a pathogen that frequently colonizes the oral cavity and can cause respiratory disease in hospitalized patients at risk. Here, we investigated salivary protein binding to this organism upon exposure to saliva as a first step toward understanding the mechanism by which the organism can colonize the oral cavity of vulnerable patients. By using fluorescently labeled saliva and proteomic techniques, we demonstrated selective binding of major salivary components byS. aureusto include DMBT1gp-340, mucin-7, secretory component, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, S100-A9, and lysozyme C. Biofilm-grownS. aureusstrains bound fewer salivary components than in the planctonic state, particularly less salivary immunoglobulins. A corresponding adhesive component on theS. aureussurface responsible for binding salivary immunoglobulins was identified as staphylococcal protein A (SpA). However, SpA did not mediate binding of nonimmunoglobulin components, including mucin-7, indicating the involvement of additional bacterial surface adhesive components. These findings demonstrate that a limited number of salivary proteins, many of which are associated with various aspects of host defense, selectively bind toS. aureusand lead us to propose a possible role of saliva in colonization of the human mouth by this pathogen.

scholarly journals Rediscovering Psilocybin as an Antidepressive Treatment Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Rene Zeiss ◽  
Maximilian Gahr ◽  
Heiko Graf
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Antidepressive Treatment ◽  
High Treatment ◽  
Insight Into

There has recently been a renewal of interest in psychedelic research on the use of psilocybin in psychiatric treatment and, in particular, for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Several state-of-the-art studies have provided new insight into the mechanisms of action of psilocybin and its therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered. With this review, we provide an overview of the current state of research on the potential mechanisms of psilocybin, its antidepressant potential, and the associated risks and adverse effects, to provide an update on a controversial topic discussed in psychopharmacology. A database search was conducted in Medline including articles on psilocybin over the period of the last 20 years. Despite the promising progress in understanding the mechanisms of psilocybin, the exact antidepressive mechanism and the role of the psychedelic experience remain elusive. The studies included in this review found high treatment effect sizes for psilocybin as an antidepressant. However, the results must be regarded as preliminary due to several limitations. Although the current studies observed no severe adverse events, several questions regarding safety and utility remain and must be subject of future research.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a Nonimmunoglobulin Factor in Human Saliva That Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Glucosyltransferase

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1136-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Jespersgaard ◽  
George Hajishengallis ◽  
Michael W. Russell ◽  
Suzanne M. Michalek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Whole Saliva

ABSTRACT Saliva contains an array of nonimmunoglobulin defense factors which are thought to contribute to the protection of the hard and soft tissue surfaces of the oral cavity by modulating microbial colonization and metabolism. Here we report the discovery of a putative innate defense factor in human saliva that inhibits the glucosyltransferase (GTF) of Streptococcus mutans, a virulence enzyme involved in oral colonization by this pathogen. The GTF-inhibiting factor (GIF) was initially identified as a nonimmunoglobulin salivary component that interfered with detection of antibodies to the glucan-binding region (GLU) of GTF by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This inhibitory activity was present in whole saliva and submandibular-sublingual saliva, but it was essentially absent from parotid saliva. GIF inhibited the recognition of S. mutans cell surface-associated GTF by specific antibodies but had no effect on antibodies to other cell surface antigens, suggesting that GIF specifically binds to GTF on S. mutans. GIF purified by size exclusion or affinity chromatography was used for biochemical and functional characterization. Analysis of GIF by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein after staining with Coomassie blue or Schiff's reagent. Heating and reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol of GIF resulted in the release of a ∼58-kDa protein that was identified as α-amylase by Western blotting using anti-α-amylase antibodies. GLU bound blotted α-amylase, suggesting that the latter molecule is the GLU-binding component of the GIF complex. The ability of GTF to synthesize extracellular glucans was inhibited by GIF but not by uncomplexed α-amylase or an unrelated high-molecular-weight glycoprotein. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that in human saliva, there is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein-α-amylase complex which is capable of inhibiting GTF and may contribute to control of S. mutans colonization in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Indicators of dental status in professional sportswomen

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
F. R. Safaraliyev
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Clinical Indicators

Objective. To study the indicators of the dental status in professional athletes. Materials and methods. The object of the study was 200 professional female athletes representing various kinds of sport and 200 practically healthy female individuals who are not involved in sports. The total sports experience of the subjects was on average 1315 years. The prevalence of periodontal diseases among female athletes was determined using the CPITN index. The prevalence and intensity of caries was determined by the CPI index. The hygienic state of the oral cavity was determined using the oral hygiene efficiency index (PHP). In the main group, patients were administered applications of a drug based on propolis and vegetable oil for two weeks; in the comparison group, the traditional antiseptic, chlorhexidine bigluconate, was used for the same period. Results. In the control group, the prevalence of chronic generalized gingivitis was on average two times less than in the main group, in which the value of this indicator varied within 50 %. Among all the studied diseases of the oral cavity in athletes in general, the most essential and significant differences were observed in relation to the prevalence of dental caries and its complications, which were more common in the group of athletes than in the control group 95.0 1.54 %, versus 89.5 2.17 %, respectively (p 0.001). The need for treatment of moderate and severe inflammatory periodontal diseases in the main group was approximately 1.5 times higher than in the control group (77.0 2.98 vs. 42.5 3.50 %, p 0.001), and for gingivitis almost 2 times higher than in the control group (61.5 3.44 vs. 39.0 3.45 %, p 0.001). The results of the study showed that among the oral diseases in sportswomen, the most essential and significant differences were observed in the prevalence of dental caries and its complications. The intensity of periodontal tissue damage over the entire period of sports career in athletes of the older age group corresponded to moderate and severe periodontitis. The high percentage of cases of major dental diseases detected among female athletes indicates their high need for periodontal care. Conclusions. Regular use of a biologically neutral propolis-based preparation for preventive purposes leads to a relatively more pronounced improvement in laboratory and clinical indicators of the oral cavity status.

scholarly journals Modeling reactive magnetron sputtering: a survey of different modeling approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-136
Author(s):  
Rossi Róbert Madarász ◽  
András Kelemen ◽  
Péter Kádár
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Reactive Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Reactive Magnetron ◽  
Model Approximation ◽  
Macroscopic Models ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe paper focuses on providing an insight into the current state of computational modeling regarding reactive magnetron sputtering systems. A detailed compilation of developed models is gathered and grouped into categories based on the phenomena being modeled. The survey covers models developed for the analysis of magnetron discharges, particle-surface interactions at the target and the substrate, as well as macroscopic models. Corresponding software packages available online are also presented. After gaining the necessary insight into the current state of research, a list of the most challenging tasks is given, comparing diffierent approaches, that have been used to combat the encountered difficulties. The challenges associated with modeling tasks range from analytical complexity, mathematical know-how used for model approximation and reduction, as well as optimization between computational load and result accuracy. As a conclusion, the future challenges are compiled into a list and a probable direction in modeling is given, that is likely to be further pursued.

scholarly journals Selbstbild und mediale Fremdwahrnehmung. Eine Analyse der Berichterstattung über die Schwarze Szene in Leipziger Volkszeitung und BILD-Zeitung

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-133
Author(s):  
Corina Trippensee
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
The Self ◽  
Eine Analyse ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Current State ◽  
Medial Representation ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

Die Studie gibt zunächst einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand in Deutschland zur „Schwarzen Szene“. Neben der Vorstellung von Geschichte und Entwicklung der Gothic-Szene steht eine umfassende Stilanalyse im Mittelpunkt, die Zeichen und Symbole dieser Jugendkultur vorstellt und auf deren Verwendung eingeht. In einer empirischen Untersuchung nimmt die Autorin einen doppelten Vergleich vor: Zwischen dem Selbstbild der Szene und ihrer medialen Fremdwahrnehmung sowie zwischen den jeweiligen Mediendarstellungen in zwei unterschiedlich ausgerichteten Zeitungen, der Leipziger Volkszeitung und der BILD-Zeitung. Anhand von qualitativen und quantitativen Daten gibt die Autorin differenzierte Einblicke in die medial auffällige, aber in ihren Binnendifferenzierungen dennoch wenig bekannte Schwarze Szene.First, the study provides an overview of the current state of research in Germany concerning the „black scene”. After the presentation of the history and development of the scene a comprehensive stylistic analysis is focused, which also introduces signs and symbols of this youth culture as well as their usage. In an empirical analysis the authoress draws a comparison in two ways: first between the self-perception of the scene on the one hand and the medial perception on the other hand, and secondly concerning the different medial representation in two different newspapers – the Leipziger Volkszeitung and the BILD-Zeitung. Based on qualitative and quantitative data, the authoress provides a complex insight into the goth scene, which is medial striking but nevertheless little known in its internal differentiations.

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